Easy way of understanding topics in Biology

1. Transport in plants
Transport of water and minerals from the roots to the aerial
parts of the plant
Transport of food from the leaves to various parts of the
plant including roots.

2. Transport of water and minerals
Carried out by conducting system.
The vascular tissue Xylem is responsible for this transport.
There are several forces contribute to this transport. They are
Root pressure,
Transpirational pull and
Capillary action

3. Xylem tissue
It consists of four types of cells.
1. Xylem tracheids
2. Xylem vessels
3. Xylem parenchyma or wood parenchyma
4. Xylem sclerenchyma or wood fibres.

4. Xylem tracheids
Dead cells
Provide mechanical strength and support to the plants in
addition to conduction of water.

5. Xylem vessels
Tube like structures open at both ends.
Dead cells
Provide mechanical strength and support to the plants in
addition to conduction of water.

6. Xylem parenchyma or wood
parenchyma
Living cells
Store food along with conducting water and minerals.

7. Xylem sclerenchyma or wood fibres
Dead cells
Provide only mechanical support.

9. Factors
contributing to
water
absorption
Capillary
force
Water
molecules
are pulled up
due to their
tendency of
cohesion
and
adhesion
Transpirational
pull
As a result of
transpiration
suction force is
created in the
xylem vessel.
This causes
water to be
pulled up.
Root pressure
It is the
pressure
developed in
the roots
because of
continuous
flow of water
by osmosis.

10. Capillary force Water droplets stick to the sides of
xylem vessel.

12. Transpiration
Is the loss of water due to
evaporation in the form of water
vapour through the stomata in
leaves.

14. Transport of food
Translocation
● Is the transport of food produced in leaves to all parts of the plant.
● Done by Phloem tissue
● It consists of
● Sieve tubes
● Companion cells
● Phloem parenchyma
● Phloem fibres or Phloem sclerenchyma

15. Sieve tubes
● End walls are perforated with sieve plate.
● Living cells
● Through this food passes from cell to cell.
● Sieve tubes play an important role in transporting food.

16. Companion cells
● Living cells
● Found attached to sieve tubes.
● Helps sieve tubes.

17. Phloem parenchyma
● Store food along with transport

18. Phloem fibre
● Dead cells
● Elongated cells
● Provide mechanical strength.

21. Difference between xylem and phloem
S.N
Xylem Phloem
1.
Transport water and mineral salts
from roots to the aerial part of the
plant.
Transport food from the leaves to
the storage organs and growing
parts of the plant.
2.
Made up of tracheid's, vessels,
parenchyma and fibres
Made up of sieve tubes, companion
cells, parenchyma and fibres.
3.
Conducting cells are dead. Conducting cells are living.
4.
Conduction is uni-directional Conduction is bi-directional
5.
Does not need energy Need energy

30. Micronutrient - Iron
Constituent of some proteins.
Deficiency symptoms include
Yellowing of leaves

31. Manganese
Constituent of some enzymes.
Deficiency symptoms include
Yellowing of leaves with, grey
spots.

32. Zinc
Constituent of plant hormones
Activate enzymes
Deficiency symptoms include
De- shaped leaves
Yellowing of leaves
Stunted plant growth

33. What was easy
about the
lesson?
What was interesting
and challenging about
the lesson?
What was too
hard about the
lesson?