It is a project about the different types of plant tissues

2. In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level
intermediate between cells and a
complete organism.
 A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the
same origin that together carry out a specific
function.
 Organs are then formed by the functional
grouping together of multiple tissues.
 The study of tissue is known as histology or, in
connection with disease, histopathology.
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Plant tissues are categorized broadly into three
tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground
tissue, and the vascular tissue.
Epidermis - Cells forming the outer surface of
the leaves and of the young plant body.
Vascular tissue - The primary components of
vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These
transport fluid and nutrients internally.
Plant tissues can also be divided differently into
two types:
i.
ii.
Meristematic tissues
Permanent tissues.

4. Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance. In plants, it
consists of relatively unspecialised cells with thin cell
walls that are usually loosely packed so that large
spaces between cells (intercellular spaces) are found in
this tissue.
 This tissue provides support to plants and also stores
food. In some situations, a parenchyma contains
chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis, in which
case it is called a chlorenchyma.
 In aquatic plants, large air cavities are present in
parenchyma to give support to them to float on water.
Such a parenchyma type is called aerenchyma.
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Collenchyma is Greek word where "Collen" means gum and
"enchyma" means infusion.
It is a living tissue of primary body like Parenchyma. Cells are
thin-walled but possess thickening
of cellulose and pectin substances at the corners where number
of cells join together.
This tissue gives a tensile strength to the plant and the cells are
compactly arranged and have very little inter-cellular spaces.
Collenchymatous tissue acts as a supporting tissue in stems of
young plants.
It provides mechanical support, elasticity, and tensile strength
to the plant body.
It helps in manufacturing sugar and storing it as starch. It is
present in the margin of leaves and resist tearing effect of the
wind.

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Sclerenchyma is Greek word where "Sclrenes" means hard
and "enchyma" means infusion.
This tissue consists of thick-walled, dead cells.
These cells have hard and extremely thick secondary walls
due to uniform distribution of lignin.
Lignin deposition is so thick that the cell walls become
strong, rigid and impermeable to water.
It is made of pectin, lignin, protein. The cells of
sclerenchymatous cells can be classified as :
Fibres- Fibres are long, elongated sclerenchymatous cells
with pointed ends.
Sclerides- Sclerenchymatous cells which are short and
possess extremely thick, lamellated, lignified walls with
long singular piths. They are called sclerides.
The main function of Sclerenchymatous tissues is to give
support to the plant.

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ii.
iii.
iv.
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Xylem consists of:
Tracheid
VesselMembers
Xylem fibers
Xylemparenchyma.
Xylem is a chief, conducting tissue of vascular plants. It is
responsible for conduction of water and mineral ions.
Xylem is a very important plant tissue as it is part of the ‘plumbing’
of a plant.
Long tubes made up of individual cells are the vessels, while vessel
members are open at each end. Internally, there may be bars of
wall material extending across the open space. These cells are
joined end to end to form long tubes.
Tracheids have thick secondary cell walls and are tapered at the
ends.
They do not have end openings such as the vessels. While most
conduction in the xylem is up and down, there is some side-to-side
or lateral conduction via rays.

8. Phloem consists of:
i.
Sieve tube
ii.
Sieve cell
iii. Companion cell
iv. Phloem fiber
v.
Phloem parenchyma.
 Phloem is an equally important plant tissue as it also is part of the
‘plumbing’ of a plant.
 Primarily, phloem carries dissolved food substances throughout the
plant. This conduction system is composed of sieve-tube member and
companion cells, that are without secondary walls.
 The parent cells of the vascular cambium produce both xylem and
phloem. This usually also includes fibers, parenchyma and ray cells.
 Phloem transports food and materials in plants in upwards and
downwards as required.
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