black fungus its known as a mucormycosis. now a days is considered as serious pandemic because of the serious situvation its affiliated with an covid-19. in this slide we see about clinical features and treatment and causes of black fungus.. some times it consider and causes a lethal dead and other eye related diseases also

1. MUCORMYCOSIS: (WHY
ARE COVID-19 PATIENTS BEING AFFECTED BY
BLACK FUNGUS INFECTION)
SUBMITTED BY;
K. JAYALAKSHMI
M.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY.

2. Blackfungus

3. INTRODUCTION
 Mucormycosis can occur any time after
COVID-19 infection, either the hospital stay
or several days to a couple of weeks after
discharge.
 With the world reeling under the throes of a
submicroscopic enigmatically animated
infection particle, the novel corona virus, we
now have to canted with another as known as
‘BLACK FUNGUS’

4. WHATISAFUGUS?
 These are organisms separate from the plants
and animal kingdoms. They are ubiquitous in
nature and are found in the soil, plants,
decaying organic matter, water, air, damp
places.
 They play a very important role in our
ecosystem along with bacteria, by degrading
organic matter into simpler forms for
consumption of plants.

5. INFECTIONCAUSEDBYFUNGI
 Skin infection like ringworm
 Nail infections
 Deeper cutaneous infections following
trauma,
 Sinus infection and deep lung infections
 Also affects gastrointestinal system
 Full blown infection.

6. WHYWEAFFECTEDRARELYBYFUNGI
INFECTION?
 Because of body’s defense mechanisms,
which are continuously and assiduously
fighting these omnipresent organisms.
 Once there is a letdown of guard by our
immune system, these organisms get an
upper hand and unleash morbid and many
times lethal infections.

7. WHOISSUSCETIBLETOFUNGUS
INFECTIONS?
 Diabetes: high blood sugars with an acidic
environment as seen in diabetic ketoacidosis
are the right recipe for rapid growth of these
organisms. Associated with reduced immune
response.
 Steroids medications.
 Blood malignancies
 Patient on immunosuppressants
 Trauma, burns, and malnourished people.

8. ROCMORBLACKFUNGUS
INFECTION
 Rhino orbital cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM)
is caused by molds of the other order
muckrakes.
 These molds live spores are present in the air.
They get adjoining sinuses.
 On a reaching a favorable milieu they
ensconce themselves within the tissue.

9. MECHANISMS
 The spores germinate, hyphae outgrow and
release destructive juices which digest the host
tissue and provide rapid growth of fungus.
 As they grow in the nasal cavity they relentlessly
destroy the surrounding host tissue.
 Black masses may be seen in the nasal cavity and
oral cavity. If it destroys the orbit and enters the
eye socket it may cause bulging of the eyes, pain
frozen eye movement and blindness.
 Enter the cranial cavity by reaching the skull
base it blocks major arteries and venous lakes
resulting major brain strokes and bleeds,
explained Dr Bhat.

10. ISITCONTAGIOUS?
 The disease is not contagious and doesn’t
spread from one person to another.

11. Clinicalfeatures
 Nasal blockage, bleeding
 Double vision. Loss of movement of eyeballs.
 Eye pain redness and its lead blindness.
 Some other symptoms similar to
Mucormycosis followings are fever, cough,
shortness of breath.

12. HOWISROCMTREATED?
 It is a multi-prolonged approach.
 Once a clinical and radiological diagnosis is
made, endoscopic evolution of the nasal
cavity can confirm a fungal lesion.
 Intracranial decompression may be required
if the infection has spread to the brain.
Surgical intervention should be undertaken a
couple of hours after diagnosis.

13.  In tandem , medical management with
antifungal drug, namely injection liposomal
amphotericin-B needs to instituted.
 However, tablet/ suspension and intravenous
forms are available and are used in lieu of
amphotericin if the latter is not tolerated by
the patient.
 During treatment, judicious use of steroids
(keeping blood sugar levels under control),
antibiotics and fungal drugs).

14. ARETHESEINFECTIONSLIFETHREATENING?
 These infections are very lethal, and if not
treated most will not make it. The mortality
ranges between 25 to 90%.
 Once the infection spreads into the brain
mortality is very high.
 Hence a lot of importance is given to early
diagnosis and prompt institutions of
treatment.

15. Reference……….
 The Indian express news article.
 Who organization site.