A huge demand for oxygen has underlined its importance in covid-19 management. The ongoing second surge in covid-19 cases has been a huge rise in the demand for supplemental oxygen. In this slide we see about why the covid patient were suffered because of oxygen consumption and reason behind the respiration problem because of corona virus. And also analyse the case study also using graph. based on the some symptoms the clinical features were various and oxygen demand were various.

1. SUBMITTED BY:
K . J A Y A L A K S H M I
M . S C . , BIOTECHNOLOGY
OXYGEN
(“how and why of oxygen
therapy for covid-19 patients”)

2. INTRODUCTION
 The ongoing second surge in covid-19 cases has been a
huge rise in the demand for supplemental oxygen.
 What makes the gas so vital in covid-19 management?
 First of all the oxygen refer to the nonmetallic chemical
element of group 16 of the periodic table.
 Oxygen was discovered about 1772 by a Swedish
chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
 Another one most important thing is its essential work is
transport through blood into heart for pumping system
and to survive all over body. And essential for cellular
respiration.

3. When does covid-19 patient need oxygen
support?
 A small portion of covid-19 patients need oxygen
support, when shortness of breath progress to a
more acute conditions.
 Most patients with covid-19 have a respiratory tract
infection, and in the most severe cases their
symptoms can include shortness of breath.
 In a small progress to a more severe and systemic
disease characterized by Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

4. How does covid-19 trigger shortness of
breath?
 Shortness of breath occurs because of the way covid-
19 affects the patient’s respiratory system.
 The lungs enable the body to absorb oxygen from the
air and expel carbon dioxide.
 When a person inhales, the tiny air sacs in the lungs-
alveoli-expand to capture this oxygen, which is then
transferred to blood vessels and transported through
the blood vessels and transported through the rest of
the body.

5.  Respiratory epithelial cells line the respiratory tract.
Their primarily function is to protect the airway tract
from pathogen s and infections, and also facilitate
gas exchange.
 And the SARS-COV2 coronovirus can infect these
epithelial cells.
 Low levels of oxygen triggered by covid-19 are
inflammatory markets, which include elevated white
blood cell counts and neutrophil counts.

6. Is India witness more patients with
shortness of breath?
 Yes. Data with the national clinical registry for
covid-19 shows a new emerging trend during the
second wave: shortness of breath is the most
common clinical features among symptomatic
hospitalized patients at 47.5%, compared to 41.7%
during the first wave.
 Simultaneously, other symptoms have dropped
significantly compared to the first wave;

7. Comparing of wave 1 and wave 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
wave 1 wave2
cough loss of smell fatigue sore throat muscle ache

8. Ex. May 4, Tuesday 2021
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Tuesday
Oxygen
require
Total patient in 20,31,977
People require in oxygen( icu 1.75,ventilator
0.40, oxygen bed 4.03)
icu
ventilator
oxygen bed

9. In what condition is oxygen used in covid-
19 clinical management?
 According to the clinical management protocol, a
person is suffering from moderate disease when he
or she is diagnosed with pneumonia with no
signs of severe disease.
 With the presence of clinical features of dyspnea
(shortness of breath) andor hypoxia (when the body
is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue
level); fever, cough, including spo2 (oxygen
saturation level) less than 94% (range 90-
94%) in room air.

10.  Moderate cases, oxygen therapy is the primary form
of treatment:
I) target achieve 92-96% spo2 (or)
II) 92% in patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
 Severe cases are defined in three categories:
I) severe pneumonia
II) acute respiratory distress syndrome
III) sepsis

11. does a patient always show covid
symptoms when their oxygen levels drop?
 No. according to the FAQs on covid-19 from AIIMS
e-ICUS, sudden deaths have been reported at
presentation to the emergency department, as well as
in hospital.
 AIIMS has said that the reasons that have been
proposed include a sudden cardiac event, preceding
“sildent hypoxia” that went unnoticed, or due to a
thrombotic complication such as pulmonary
thromboembolism.

12.  It recommends that instead of soldely relying on a
pulse oxymeter, the patient should monitor for
gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle soreness, fatigue,
and change in taste and smell as well as the more
common initial symptoms such a fever, cough, and
shortness of breath.