2. DEFINITION
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full
genome sequencing or entire genome sequencing, is
the process of determining the entirely or nearely, of
the DNA sequence of an organisms genome at a single
time.
Developed by j. craig venter and H. smith in 1995.
It was first used in sequencing the genome of H.
influenzae and M. genitalium.
3. WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING
METHODS (WGS)
Shot gun sequencing
Massively parallel signature sequencing
Pyro sequencing
Illumina seqencing
DNA nanoball sequencing
Heliscope single molecule sequencing
Single molecule real time sequencing (SMRP)
Nanopore DNA sequencing
Solid sequencing
4. WHOLE GEENOME
SHOTGUN SEQUENCING
To sequence all genome of a particular organisms.
1) find sequence
2) find their position in entire genome
Collect and isolate the DNA or genome.
Break into small manageable pieces.
Copy each piece many times.
Read the DNA sequence.
Assemble the data into a genome.
5. WGS
Different technique are used to cut DNA into particular
size pieces. ( fragments are electrophoreses through gel
to find the size of fragments.)
Ligation of fragment into a plasmid.
Insert plasmid into bacteria e.g. E.coli.
Micro titer plate containing E.coli is heated to 95 degree
celsius.
Plasmid are released.
PCR reaction (amplify the plasmid)
Desired sequence amplification
DNA attracted toward the carboxyl coated magnetic
bead.
8. ADVANTAGE
To find coding non and non coding regions.
Personalized drugs.
Disease susceptibility prediction.
Specie comparison and evolutionary sudies.
9. DISADVANTAGE
Most physicians are not trained in how to interpret
genomic DNA data.
An individuals genome may contain information that
they don’t want to know. For example, a patient has
genome sequencing performed to determined the
most effective treatment plan for high cholesterol.