describe the topic of immunization program.

1. IMMUNIZATION

2. Md. Jakir Hossain
Lecturer,
Medihelp Nursing Institute, Rangpur

3. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
Immunization schedule is an Important part of
Expanded programme on immunization (EPI). In
May, 1974 the World Health Organization
(WHO).officially launched a global immunization
programme on immunization to protect all
children of the world against six preventable
disease by 2000.Now a days immunization protect
from 10 preventable disease .

4. Immunization schedule
Immunization schedule is a series of vaccinations
including the timing of all doses which may be either
recommended or compulsory depending on the
country of residence.
Immunization
Immunization is the process whereby a person is
made immune or resistant to an infectious disease,
typically by administration of a vaccine.

5. VACCINE
Vaccine is a Immunobiological substances which
when introduced into the body are capable of
producing antibody that is specific to those
substances .
Or,
A preparation of killed microorganisms , live
attenuated organisms or living fully virulent
organism that is administered to produce or
artificially increase immunity to a particular disease

6. TARGET DISEASES
• Diphtheria
• Tuberculosis
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
• Haemophilus influenza type b
• Hepatitis B
• Poliomyelitis
• Measles & Rubella
• Measles
• Rubella

7. CLASSIFICATION OF VACCINE
USED IN EPI
1. Live attenuated Vaccine
Bacterial - BCG
• Viral – Oral polio & Measles
2. Toxoids – TT
3. Combined – DPT

8. OBJECTIVES OF EPI
• Immunize all children under one year of age
• Immunize all women of childbearing age
including pregnant women
• Eradication of poliomyelitis & decrease
disability from it.
• Elimination of maternal & neonatal tetanus..
• Control of Rubella syndrome.
• Control of hepatitis B infection.
• Improve & maintain vaccine, immunization &
injection safety.

9. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: FOR CHILD
Diseasea Vaccine Dose Age of
Starting
Vaccine
No of
Dose
Interval between
doses
Time of
completion
Site of vaccination Route of
administr
ation
TB BCG 0.05ml At birth 1 - 1 year of age Upper & outer part of
left arm.
Intra-
dermal
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
Hepatitis –B
Haemophilus
influenza –b
Pentavalent
vaccine
0.5
ml 6 weeks
3
(6,10,14
Weeks)
4 weeks
1 year of age Uppers & outer part
of mid-high
I/M
Pneumococcal
pneumonia
PCV 0.5 ml 6
weeks
3 4 weeks 1 year of
age
Upper & outer part
of mid-thigh
I/M
Poliomyelitis OPV 2-3
drops
6 weeks 4
(6,10,14
weeks
& 9
month)
4 weeks 1 year of age Oral Oral
Poliomyelitis IPV 0.5ml 14 weeks 1 -
1 year of age
Upper & outer part of
mid-thigh
I/M
Measles
Rubella
MR 0.5ml
After
completion
of 9 month
1 1 year of age Anterolateral part of
mid-thigh
S/C
Measles
Measles
Vaccine.
0.5
ml After 9
month
1 1 year of age Anterolateral part of
mid-thigh
S/C

10. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: FOR WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE
Vaccine Disease No of Dose Starting time of dose Route of
administration
MR Measles
&
Rubella
1 At 15 years with 1st dose of
TT
Subcutaneous
TT
(Tetanus
Toxoid)
Tetanus 5  TT-1: At 15 years.
 TT-2:28 days after TT1.
 TT-3:6 months afterTT2.
 TT-4:1 year after TT 3.
 TT-5:1 year after TT4.
Intramuscular

11. EPI SERVICE DELIVERY IN
BANGLADESH
Two type’s service center
1. Fixed center
2. Outreach center

12. CHECKING THE VACCINE
While administering any vaccine the nurse should look
at the label on container and check.
• This is the right vaccine
• The dose that should be given
• The vaccine is still “in date”

13. IMPORTANCE OF EPI:
1. It plays a vital role to prevent 10 identify disease.
2. It reduce infant mortality rate
3. It reduce the disability from poliomyelitis

14. NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION DAY
It is a supplementary vaccination strategy which
means vaccination simultaneously throughout the
country with OPV of all children under five years.

15. SIDE EFFECTS
Common side effects
• Temporary headache
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Irritability

16. • A child might experience severe allergic reaction
• Neurological side effect such as seizure
• Vaccine may causing serious harm or death is
extremely small.
COMPLICATIONS

17. COUNSELING BEFORE AND AFTER IMMUNIZATION
The community health nurse and health team members must give some
advice before and after immunization as follow:
• More common reactions after vaccinations are mild fever ,mild swelling
,pain at the site of vaccination, itching Explain to the mothers that the
reaction after BCG vaccinations will from small lump or papula. This is
normal and requires no treatment .Small scar should be visible.
• All over the body, mild rash on the body.
• Regular surveys should be carried out on the number of the nurse and
health workers should be kept in mind that where the reaction are
severe, the infant should be immediately shifted to the nearest hospital
for prompt medical treatment.
• In case of severe reaction report to the state government immediately.
• Infant who gate common reactions should be kept under observations
under the care of the specialist.

18. CONCLUSION
Immunization is one of the most cost effective and
safest of all health interventions. Immunization has
saved more lives than any other public health
intervention apart from the provision of clean water.

19. ANY QUESTION……..?