3. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Many factors determine (influence) the health status and
health outcomes of populations and individuals. Whether people
are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and
environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the
state of our environment, genetics, our income and education
level, and our relationships with friends and family all have
considerable impacts on health.
5. Biological Determinants
Genetic :
Gene’s characteristics inherited from parents, make a
person more likely or less likely to develop certain
health problems, such as heart disease.
Genetics inheritance plays a part in determining
lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing
certain illnesses.
Others like-
Chromosomal anomalies
Errors of Metabolism
Mental retardation
6. • Internal Environment ( Cells, tissues, organs )
- Harmonious functioning
• External Environment:
Physical
Biological
Psychosocial
• Domestic (Micro) Environment: Way of living,
eating habits, smoking, drinking, use of drugs etc.
Environmental Determinants
7. Socio-Economic Determinants
Income and social status have a significant impact
on health status. Like higher income and social status
are linked to better health. The greater the gap between
the richest and poorest people, the greater the
differences in health.
8. Socio-economic conditions depends upon:
–Per capita Income
–Education
–Nutrition
–Employment
–Housing
–Political system
Socio-Economic Determinants
11. Health Care System Determinants
• Immunization of children
• Provision of safe drinking water
• Care of pregnant and children
• Equitably distributed
• Accessible
• Primary Health care
12. Individual Behavioral and Life style
• Individual behavior and life style affects the health
status.
• Life style denotes “ the way that people live”,
reflecting a whole range of social values, attitudes &
activities.
• Health is determined by its Life style, Culture,
Behavior, Personal habits.
13. Healthy Life Styles
• Adequate nutrition
• Enough sleep
• Sufficient physical activity
Individual Behavioral and Life style
14. Harmful Life Styles
• Lack of sanitation
• Poor nutrition
• Personal hygiene
• Elementary Human habits, customs and
cultural patterns
Individual Behavioral and Life style
15. Diseases linked to Life styles
• Coronary Hearth Diseases
• Obesity
• Lung Cancer
• Drug addiction
Individual Behavioral and Life style
16. Age and Gender
As people age, they become more susceptible to disease
and disability.
For example :
• Heart disease, stroke, and cancer have been the
leading chronic conditions that have had the
greatest impact on the aging population
• Under five child are more susceptible for diarrhea,
ARI and other specific diseases.
17. Age and Gender
Men and women suffer from different types of
diseases at different ages and some of these diseases
affect men and women differently.
Women face higher rates of diseases in some areas
such as breast cancer, osteoporosis and auto-immune
diseases.
In the aspect of nutrition, reproductive health,
violence women contract the disease more whereas
life styles, occupational problems are more seen
among men.
19. Other Factors
• Science & Technology
• Information & Communication
• Equity & Social Justice
• Human Rights
• Food and agriculture, industry, social welfare, rural
development, policies
20. CONCLUSION
So Health is the …..
Individual Responsibility
Community Responsibility
State Responsibility
International Responsibility