Health economics is the study of how scarce resources are allocated among :- Alternative uses for the care of sickness and the promotion Maintenance and improvement of health It include the study of how health care and health related services , their costs & benefits and health itself are distributed among Individuals Groups in society It is defined as the application of the theories, concepts and techniques of economics to the health sector. The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health. What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy? How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life?. Emphasizing an ecological approach to disease prevention and health promotion. An ecological approach focuses on both individual-level and population-level determinants of health and interventions. The key determinants of health in the Region, including the social determinants, food and nutrition, the physical environment and risk factors related to lifestyle. Very basic determinants of health are Social determinants Physical environment Education factors Employment Unemployment Child health development Biological and genetic endownment

1. HEALTH ECONOMICS
AND FACTOR
DETERMINENTS
By Aayushi

2. HEALTH AND ECONOMICS
Health economics is the study of how scarce resources
are allocated among :-
Alternative uses for the care of sickness and the
promotion
Maintenance and improvement of health
It include the study of how health care and health related
services , their costs & benefits and health itself are
distributed among
Individuals
Groups in society
It is defined as the application of the theories, concepts
and techniques of economics to the health sector.

3. DIMENSION OF HEALTH
ECONOMICS AS SUBJECT
MATTER
HEALTH
ECONOMICS
Health and
development
Financing of
health
services
Economic
regulation in
health
Allocation of
resources
Efficiency of
health services

4. NEED AS A SEPARATE
SUBJECT MATTER
Medical
advances
Due to
increase in
life
expectancy
Changes in
family
structure
and norms
Advances
in health
research
Higher
expectation
among
people
Public
awareness
Need for
health
economic
s

5. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
The range of personal, social, economic, and
environmental factors that influence health
status are known as determinants of health.
• What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy?
• How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to
live a long, healthy life?.
• Emphasizing an ecological approach to disease prevention and
health promotion.
• An ecological approach focuses on both individual-level and
population-level determinants of health and interventions.

6. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
MEASURES
The key determinants of health in the Region, including the
social determinants, food and nutrition, the physical
environment and risk factors related to lifestyle.
• Very basic determinants of health are
Social determinants
Physical environment
Education factors
Employment
Unemployment
Child health development
Biological and genetic endownment

7. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
• non-medical factors that influence health outcomes.
• conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and
age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the
conditions of daily life.
• have an important influence on health inequities;-
 the unfair and avoidable differences in health status
seen within and between countries.
 at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social
gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the
worse the health.

8. FACTORS UNDER SDOH

9. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
• Affects the health by both directly in short term and
indirectly in long term.
• Good health requires access to good quality air, water,
and food and freedom from exposure to toxins.
• In the longer term, if the economy grows by degrading
the environment and depleting natural resources, human
health will suffer.
• Factors relating to housing indoor air quality and the
design of communities and transportation system can
significantly influence physical and psychological well
being.
• Improving population health requires both a sustained,
thriving economy and a healthy sustainable environment.

10. EDUCATION AND LITERACY
• On average, people with higher levels of education are
more likely to:-
be employed
have jobs with higher social status
have stable incomes
• Hence increases financial security and increases the
choices & opportunities available secure healthy lifestyle
• influences social position in various ways; each of the
factors indirectly influences a person’s health.
• It also improves people's ability to access and
understand information to help keep them healthy.

11. • Health literacy is a related concept and is "the degree to
which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process,
and understand basic health information and services
needed to make appropriate health decisions.
• A health literate health care organization supports
patient-provider communication to improve health care
quality, reduce medical errors, facilitate shared decision-
making, and improve health outcomes.
EDUCATION AND LITERACY

12. Employment and Working
Conditions
• Unemployment, underemployment, stressful or unsafe
work is associated with poorer health.
• People with more control over their work circumstances
and fewer stress-related demands on the job are
healthier and often live longer than those in more
stressful or more risky work.
• Workshop hazards & injuries are significant causes of
health problems.
• Workers employed in mining sites have poor health
rather of employees working in any other profession.

13. Impact of Unemployment on
Health
• People who have been unemployed for any significant
amount of time tend to die earlier and have higher rates
of suicide & heart disease.
• Recovery of physical & mental health after
unemployment is neither immediate nor complete

14. CHILD HEALTH Development
• Child Health Development (CHD) means good physical
health, including good nutrition, age-appropriate physical,
mental & social development, the ability to make
effective social connections with others , competence in
culturally valuable skills and the opportunity to use them,
good coping skills, including handling stress, control over
one's life choices on a sense of being loved and
belonging and healthy self-esteem
• The effect of prenatal and early childhood experiences
on subsequent coping skills, competence and future well-
being is very powerful.
• Children born in low income families are more likely to
have low birth weight, to eat less nutritious food and to
have difficulties with health & social problems throughout
their lives.

15. Gender influences health
status
• It is linked more to the roles, power & influence society,
gives to men & women, than it is to their biological
differences.
• Gender refers to the array of society-determined roles,
personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, relative
power & influence that society ascribes to the two sexes
on a differential basis.
• Gender based norms influence the health system's
practices and priorities. Many health issues are a
function of gender-based social status or roles.
• Measures to address gender inequality and gender bias
within & beyond the health system will improve
population health.

16. Biology and Genetic
Endowment
• The basic biology and organic make-up of the human
body are a fundamental determinant of health.
• Genetic endowment provides an inherited predisposition
to a wide range of individual responses that affect health
status.
• Genetic endowment appears to predispose certain
individuals to particular diseases or health problems.

17. CONCLUSION
• Importance of health expenditure
• Contribution of health to per capita economic growth
• Reduces production losses due to worker illness
• Increases the productivity of adult as a result of better
nutrition
• Lowers absenteeism rates and improves learning among
school children.
• Provides productive capital to economy

18. THANK
YOU