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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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2. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
The term ‘determinants of health’ was introduced in the
1970s and it refers to those factors that have a significant
influence, whether positive or negative, on
health. Health is the result of multiple factors including
those genetic, biological, and lifestyle factors relating to
the individual and those factors relating to the structure
of society and its policies.

3. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Health determinants are grouped as follows:
 Biological determinants
 Nutritional determinants
 Behavioral and socio cultural determinants
 Environmental determinants
 Socio-economic determinants
 Health services determinants
 Other determinants

4. Biological determinants
Biological determinants includes our genetic structure.
Many of physical and psychological characteristics are
decided by genetic information that we get from our
parents. A number of diseases are also associated with
genes such as chromosomal anomalies, errors of
metabolism, mental retardation etc.

5. Biological determinants…
It is the main determinant of health as human life
starts from our genetic makeup. It is estimated that
approximately there are about 30000 gene in human
genome. Our physique , height weight, color also
affect or determine our health as these features
form a part of our personality.

6. Nutritional determinants
Nutrition is another important determinant of health . It has
individual, family, and community dimensions. The East/West,
and rural/urban regions have remarkably different challenges
related to nutrition. Generally, at one end of the spectrum, there
is less physical activity, calorie overload, but poor nutrition
mainly due to junk food consumption. At the other end of the
spectrum there is calorie deficiency, protein malnutrition, and
undernourishment.

7. Nutritional determinants…
Poor people living in urban areas may have a diet
consisting of cheap energy mainly from sugar-rich foods,
with little intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
They have relatively less physical activity. On the other
hand, poor communities from rural areas might have
intense physical activities, but not sufficient energy and
protein.

8. Behavioral and socio-cultural
determinants
Behavioral and sociocultural determinant is also
known as life style determinant. What and how we
behave in our environment be it physical social or
cultural, it have definite effect on our health. Life
styles are earned through interaction with parents,
peer groups friends ,school and media.

9. Behavioral and socio-cultural
determinants…..
Healthy lifestyle such as morning walk, yoga,
exercises, enough sleep, maintenance of good hygiene
etc. determines positive health and unhealthy lifestyle
such as smoking drinking late sleeping late arising
leads to poor health. Even social interaction and
cultural activities determines our health.

10. Environmental determinants
Environment be it internal or external also determines our
health. Internal environment is defined as each and every
component of our body such as cells tissue, organs
hormones and other chemical of our body. External
environment is each and everything which surrounds us
such as air, plants, society, other animals etc. all affects our
health some in positive way and some in negative way.

11. Environmental determinants
Urban communities face problems related to
environmental degradation, air and water pollution;
rural communities face problems related to sanitation,
hygiene, insecticides, pesticides, and agrochemicals.
Thus, the poor are most likely to suffer because of
the negative effect of this determinant of health.

12. Environmental determinants
It is and established fact that the environment hase
direct effect on the physical mental and social
wellbeing of those who are living in it. The
environmental factors range from housing, water
supply psychological stress and family structure
through social support system.

13. Socio-economic determinants
The majority of the people’s health status is
determined by their level of socio economic
development. These factors includes economic status,
educational status, employment, housing and political
system the country. Poor economic status reduces
the access to medical care.

14. Socio-economic determinants
Poor economy and educational status also affects
nutritional intake and awareness of people which
further results in poor health. Good educational
status can improve awareness and in-turn results in
good health, which can be proved by the example of
Kerala state.

15. Health services determinants
Availability and accessibility to medical care also
determines our health status. The main purpose of
health services is to improve the health status of the
people. For example availability of good
immunization services in an area increases herd
immunity of the population and decreases the rate
of disease incidence.

16. Other determinants
Other determinants includes aging of the
population where older people and children are at
higher risk of developing illnesses. Gender is also an
determinant of health . There are some disorders
which are more prevalent in females such as anemia,
cancers and gynecological problems.

17. Other determinants
Infrastructure development, communication technology,
information technology development, scientific
development are the other important determinants of health
and affect our health mostly in positive way.

18. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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