For Nursing Students

1. PRESENTED BY
Jagan Kumar Ojha
M.Sc. Tutor
Dept. of Community Health
SNC, Bhubaneswar

2.  The present geological era is perhaps the richest in
biological diversity.
 According to UNEP (1993-94) estimation, there are about
9-52 million species exist on our Earth out of these, only
2.1 million species have been identified till date.

3.  About 70% of all known species are invertebrates such as
insects, sponges, worms, etc.); while, about 15% are
plants.
Green Plants and Fungi : 300,000 species
Vertebrates : 40,000 species
Insects : 8,00,000 species
Microorganisms: : 3,60,000 species

4.  Every country is characterized by its own biodiversity
depending mainly on its climate.
 India has a rich biological diversity of flora and fauna.
 India is called a mega-diversity nations of the world
accounting for 7.31% of the global faunal and 10.88% of
the global floral of total species.

5.  Indian is also one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries
in the world.
 It is estimated that India ranks 10th among the plant rich
countries of the world, 11th in terms of number of
endemic species of higher vertebrates and 6th among the
centers of diversity and origin of agricultural crops.

6.  Odisha has a rich biological diversity which consist
of 2 National parks, and 18 wild life sanctuaries.
 There are two National Parks in Odisha:
1) Simlipal National Park.
2) Bhitarkanika National Park.

7.  Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary
 Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary
 Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary
 Chilka Wildlife Sanctuary

8. Classification of Species
Extinct Species- A species is said to be extinct
when it is no longer exist on earth(Wild) in 50 years.
Example- Passenger Pigeon.

9. 3 bird species, 2 frogs, a shark, a famous snail and one of
the world’s largest freshwater fish were declared extinct in
2019.
Lonesome George
“Lost Shark”
(Carcharhinus obsolerus)
The Species We Lost in 2019 ?

10. Classification of Species
Endangered Species- Any species that is at risk of
extinction in near future because of a sudden rapid
decrease in its population or a loss of its critical
habitat.
Example- Black Rhino
Status: Critically Endangered
Number Remaining: about 5,000
Average Height: 4.5 to 6 feet
Average Weight: 1,760 -3,080 pounds

11. Classification of Species
Rare Species- A Species that is uncommon, few in
number, or not abundant and are not endangered at
present, but are at risk are categorized as rare species.
Example- Pangolin

12. Classification of Species
Endemic Species- Species which is unique to a
defined geographic location is called as endemic
species.
 It is limited to an island, nation, country or other defined
zone, or habitat.
Example-Kangaroo

13. More about Endangered Species
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources(IUCN) publishes the Red Data Book
which includes the list of endangered species of plants
and animals
• In India nearly 450 plant species , 150 mammals and 150
species of birds have been listed as endangered species.

14. Few Endangered Species of India
1) Reptiles : Green Sea Turtle, Tortoise, Python
2) Birds: Peacock, Great Indian Hornbill,
Vulture, Pelican
3) Carnivorous mammals: Indian Wolf, Red Fox,
Tiger, Lion, Red Panda, Leopard, Desert Cat etc.
4) Primates: Capped Monkey, Golden Monkey,
Nilgiri Langur, Hoolock Gibbon
5) Plants: Species of orchids, rhododendrons,
Santalum etc.

15. Endemic Species of India
India has two biodiversity hotspots and thus possesses a large
number of endemic species.
 Endemic Flora- Sapria himalayana, Uvaria lurida,
Nepenthes Khasiana, Pedicularis perroter etc.
 Endemic Animals-Varanus, reticulated python, Indian
Salamander, Viviparous toad.

16. Red fox

17. Indian wolf

18. Nilgiri langur

19. Desert cat

20. Red panda

21. Golden langur

22. Rhododendron

23. pelican

24. salamander

25. India As a Mega-Diversity Nation

26. India As a Mega-Diversity Nation
 India is known for its rich heritage of Biological
diversity because 47,000 plant species and 89,000
animal species are found in its 10 biogeographic
regions.
 A large proportion of the India Biodiversity is still
unexplored.
 Nearly 6,500 native plants are still used prominently in
indigenous healthcare systems.

27. India As a Mega-Diversity Nation
 India is one of the 12 mega diversity countries in the
world though its diversity holds only 2.4% of the land
area of the world, but accounts for 7.8% of the
recorded species of the world.
 Due to diverse climatic conditions there is a complete
rainbow spectrum of biodiversity in our country.

28. India As a Mega-Diversity Nation
 India is a mega-diversity nations of the world
accounting for 7.31% of the global faunal and
10.88% of the global floral total species.
 India is in the tenth position in the world and fourth
in the Asia in plant diversity.

29. India’s Biodiversity…..

30. Recorded Animal species Distribution
Animals Number
Lower groups 9979
Mollusca 5042
Arthropoda 57,525
Fishes 2546
Amphibia 428
Reptiles 1228
Birds 204
Mammals 372
India’s Biodiversity…..

31. India’s
Biodiversity….

32. Reasons for India as a mega-diversity nation
1) Endemism
 India shows a good number of endemic species. About
62% amphibians 50% lizards 53% fresh water fishes,
36% reptiles, 10%mammals and 33% flowering plants
are endemic to India.
 Western ghats are the site of maximum endemism.

33. Reasons for India as a mega-diversity nation
2) Centre of Origin
• A large number of species are know to have
originated in India
• Nearly 500 species of flowering plants have their
origin in India.
• India has been the center or origin for 166 species of
crop plants and 320 species of wild relatives of
cultivated crops.

34. Reasons for India as a mega-diversity nation
3) Marine Diversity
• The coastline of our country exhibits a rich
biodiversity.
• Along 7500 km long coastline, in the mangroves,
coral reefs back waters etc, different species are
found.
• The marine diversity is rich in mollusks, crustaceans
and several species of mangrove plants and sea
grasses are found.

36. THANK YOU