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1. Using our interactive population graphics, match each of the ag.docx
- 1. 1. Using our interactive population graphics, match each of the age-sex population pyramids (labeled A through F) with the appropriate description. (Points : 1) Potential Matches: 1 : a country at close to zero population growth (Norway 1992) 2 : a country with many temporary immigrant workers (Qatar 1986) 3 : a country that shows the demographic effects of World War II (Russia 1992) 4 : a country that has undergone a recent shift from high to low fertility (China 1990) 5 : a country with declining population (Italy 1991) 6 : a country with rapid population growth (Tanzania 1985) Answer : A (top left) : B (top center) : C (top right) : D (bottom left) : E (bottom center) : F (bottom right) Question 2. 2. This is the first of four questions based on the interactive India-demographics tool. These graphs allow you to visualize the future population of India, as it changes throughout the 21st Century, under a variety of scenarios regarding changing fertility rates. All the scenarios start in 2000 with the following conditions: · a total population of 1.014 billion · a total fertility rate of 3.4 · a crude birth rate of 26.4 per thousand
- 2. · a crude death rate of 8.9 per thousand Based on these numbers, what was India's rate of natural increase (i.e., annual population growth excluding net migration) in 2005? Note that you don't need to actually use the linked website to answer this question, since all of the numbers you need to calculate an answer are included above. (Points : 1) 0.55% 0.95% 1.75% 2.40% 3.10% Question 3. 3. This is the second question based on the interactive India-demographics tool. One way we might establish a baseline for comparing alternative scenarios is to assume that the starting conditions persist indefinitely into the future. To do this using our tool, set the "Final Total Fertility Rate" to 3.4. You'll see from the graphs, that this effectively freezes India in the middle of its demographic transition--longer life expectancies and lower death rates than in the pre-modern era, but birth rates hovering at a relatively high 24 or 25 per thousand. If this were actually to happen, the model shows us that India would end the century with a population of more than 3.6 billion! In what year would India's population first eclipse the two billion mark, double its turn-of-the-century size? (Points : 1) 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
- 3. Question 4. 4. This is the third question based on the interactive India-demographics tool. In the previous question we tested one extreme scenario: fixing India's fertility rate at present levels. The opposite extreme would involve a sudden drop in fertility to well below the modern replacement rate, as actually has happened in much of Europe and East Asia. To view this scenario, set the "Final Total Fertility Rate" to 1.5, and leave the "Years to Achieve Final TFR" at zero. You'll see from the graphs that, even under this extreme scenario, demographic momentum would keep India's young population growing for another couple of decades. Only after 2030, would the large bulge of today's already-born young cohort make its way through the system, with much smaller-in- number future generations taking their place. Eventually, then, a long-term TFR of only 1.5 would lead to population decline in India. Under this scenario, what does our model predict as India's approximate population in 2100? (Points : 1) 310 million -- about the size of the USA today 500 million -- a little less than half the size of India today 1.1 billion -- about the same size as India at the start of the century 1.5 billion -- even with several decades of population decline, growth earlier in the century still would make India bigger in 2100 than it was in 2000 2.0 billion -- demographic momentum at the beginning of the century is so great, that even with the later shift to below- replacement fertility, India still would end the century twice as large as it started Question 5. 5. This is the final question based on the interactive India-demographics tool. Since India's fertility rate actually has fallen already to 2.6, it seems reasonable to expect it to reach the replacement rate in the near future. While the modern replacement rate is generally said to be 2.1, set the "Final Total
- 4. Fertility Rate" to 2.4, which is the replacement rate our model has built in (based on India's currently higher-than-average rates of child mortality.) Then, set "Years to Achieve Final TFR" to 25. This is probably the most likely scenario, with India reaching the final, zero-population-growth stage of the Demographic Transition around the year 2075. At approximately what size would India's population stabilize under this scenario? (Points : 1) 1.3 billion 1.6 billion 1.9 billion 2.2 billion 2.5 billion Question 6. 6. This is the first of three questions based on the PRB's interactive map and tables from its 2013 World Population Data Sheet. As the world completes its demographic transition this century, the rapid population growth that is still to come will be concentrated, overwhelmingly, in Africa. With but a few exceptions, such as Iraq and Yemen, all of the countries expected to more than double their current size by 2050 are African. There is a great deal of variety within Africa, however, as you would expect for any large region. Which one or more African subregions are not expected to double their population between 2013 and 2050? (Points : 1) Northern Africa Western Africa Eastern Africa Middle Africa Southern Africa
- 5. Question 7. 7. This is the second of three questions based on the PRB's interactive map and tables from its 2013 World Population Data Sheet. The world's lowest fertility rates are generally found today in Europe and East Asia. As a result, many governments in these regions are worried about the economic "dependency" crises that their rapidly aging populations threaten to create. Which of the following pairs of countries in those regions can be least worried about such issues because their fertility rates today are at or near the modern replacement rate, rather than significantly below it? (Points : 1) Taiwan and South Korea Iceland and France Hungary and Slovakia Germany and Spain Lithuania and Latvia Question 8. 8. This is the third of three questions based on the PRB's interactive map and tables from its 2013 World Population Data Sheet. Countries with the highest fertility rates also tend to be the countries with the lowest life expectancies and the lowest average personal income levels. There are several ways we might explain such correlations. For example, we might see this as evidence that high fertility functions as a strategy to deal with poverty and/or high levels of child mortality. Alternatively, we might instead argue that low incomes and high rates of mortality indicate a "less developed" society in which women are less likely to be able to access, and be socially empowered to use, reliable modern contraception. The true explanation for high fertility likely varies greatly from
- 6. place to place. This is especially true for higher-fertility countries that do not fit the usual pattern. Which of the following countries, for example, has relatively high fertility (3.0 or above), despite its relatively high level of personal income ($20,000 or above) and low infant mortality rate (less than 10 per thousand)? (Points : 1) Haiti Chile Uganda Austria Israel Question 9. 9. A theme discussed by both Bret Wallach in his chapter on "Cities Abroad" (21) and Harm de Blij in his chapter on "Power and the City" (8) is the intense poverty and squalor of fast-growing megacities. Which of the following cities is not a good example of this phenomenon, thanks in part to a well- ordered national government--perhaps too well-ordered--that has limited the chaotic consequences of the "disorderly growth" the two authors discuss? (Points : 1) Lagos Sao Paulo Kolkata Singapore Cairo Question 10. 10. Rather than by mosquitoes or biting flies, which of the following infectious diseases afflicting people in tropical latitudes is acquired by swimming, working, or bathing in infected waters? (Points : 1) malaria dengue fever schistosomiasis (bilharzia) yellow fever
- 7. onchocerciasis (river blindness) Question 11. 11. In the final part of his book, David Christian outlines numerous changes, developments, and transformations that have (so far) characterized our "modern" era. Without getting truly pessimistic about what lies ahead for human society, Christian does point to two features of modern life that might threaten our world in the future. They are: (Points : 1) global imperialism and the primacy of western Europe nationalism and more complex forms of social-economic regulation revival of traditional religions and transformed gender relations decline of village life and the rise of large cities increasing global inequality and environmental strains Question 12. 12. Like the geographer's regionalization, the historian's periodization is a helpful, almost essential, organizing tool that nonetheless "does violence to the complex reality of the past". Thus, in order to use this tool effectively, we need to be aware of the reasoning behind a particular periodization scheme and not simply take it for granted. In his book, how does David Christian define the world's "modern" period? (Points : 1) the counterpoint, in a simple two-part scheme, to a single "traditional" era that came before it the era in which industrial technologies transformed most societies throughout the world the era initiated by an agricultural revolution which generally shifted human subsistence way from foraging to farming and herding the final stage of a five-part story of decline from the original heights of a "Golden" age in the distant past
- 8. Question 13. 13. Which of the following was characteristic of the pre-modern demographic system (i.e., before the Demographic Transition)? (Points : 1) life expectancies over 65 years crude death rates under 15 per thousand epidemic outbreaks of infectious bacterial and viral diseases that repeatedly decimated the population total fertility rates less than 2 more people living in cities than in rural areas Question 14. 14. In the early sections of chapter 12, Wallach describes part of the global commodity chain that was embedded in the classic Ford and GM automobiles of the early 20th Century. Match each of the following links in that chain to its corresponding geographic location. (Points : 1) Potential Matches: 1 : central Arizona 2 : Malaysia, Liberia, and Brazil 3 : Pittsburgh, PA; Gary, IN; Dearborn, MI; Cleveland, OH 4 : northern Minnesota 5 : Detroit, MI (including Flint and Highland Park) Answer : steel manufacture : final assembly of finished automobiles : iron ore : rubber : cotton Question 15. 15. Which one of the following innovations associated with modern manufacturing does Wallach associate
- 9. primarily with Japan? (Points : 1) "just-in-time" and "lean" manufacturing methods steam-powered machinery mass-producing assembly lines corporate vertical integration contract manufacturing 0 -1511102262 ManyMultipleC 5 1 0 -1511102261 MultipleChoice 15 2 0 -1511102260 MultipleChoice 16