morphological features of non bursate nematodes of veterinary importance

1. MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NON
BURSATE NEMATODES
Ishfaq Maqbool
L-2016-V-10-D
Ph. D scholar

2. ORDER ASCARIDIDA
SUPERFAMILY: ASCARIDOIDEA
FAMILY: ASCARIDIDAE
 Important Genera: Ascaris
 Parascaris
 Toxascaris
 Toxocara

3. ASCARIS SUUM
 The males measure 15-25 cm x 3 mm
 The females up to 41 cm x 5 mm
 Three well developed lips- one dorsal
two subventral.
 A row of minute denticle on inner
surface of each lip
 The spicules are 2 mm long & stout
 Large no. of precloacal papillae
Lips
Male and female

4.  The eggs are oval, 50-75 x 40-50 µm.
 Thick shell with albuminous layer bears prominent projections
 Brownish yellow in colour.

5. PARASCARIS EQUORUM
 Occurs in small intestine of equines
 Males are 15-28 cm long and females upto 50
cm x 8 mm
 The male tail has small lateral alae
 Postcloacal papillae
 Spicules are about 2-2.5 mm
 The eggs are subglobular with a thick pitted
albuminous layer and 90-100 µm in diameter.

6. TOXOCARA CANIS
 Small intestine of dog and fox
 Males up to 10 cm long and females up to
18 cm
 Large cervical alae, body anteriorly bent
 Arrow headed worms
 The male tail has a terminal narrow
appendage and caudal alae
 Spicules are 0.7 to 0.9 mm long

7. TOXOCARA CANIS
 The eggs are subglobular with thick pitted shell
measure about 90 x 75 µm

8. TOXASCARIS LEONINA
 Small intestine of dog, cat, fox
 Males up to 7 cm and females up to 10 cm
 Large cervical alae
 Arrow headed worms of dogs and cats:
Genus Toxascaris and Toxocara
 Eggs are oval with smooth sides 75-85 µ

9. TOXOCARA CATI
 Small intestine of cat & wild felids
 Cervical alae – very broad & striated
 Males 3-6 cm , females 4-10 cm long
 Eggs are similar to T. canis 65-75 µm

10. TOXOCARA VITULORUM
 Small intestine of cattle and buffalo
 Males 25 cm and female 30 cm
 Soft translucent appearance
 Three lips, oesophagus has a posterior
 granular ventriculus
 Tail of male has spike like appendage.
 Five pair of postcloacal papillae
 Eggs are subglobular with pitted
albuminous layer 75-95 µm

11. SUPERFAMILY: OXYUROIDEA
FAMILY: OXYURIDAE
 Genus: Oxyuris
 Species: Oxyuris equi
 Male are comparatively smaller 9-12 mm while females
are upto 15 cm in length

12. The tail is comparatively longer hence it is
also called as pseudo whip worm
At anterior end, lips are prominent,
rhabditiform esophagus
 At posterior end there is rod shaped
papillae and single pin shaped spicules.
Hence the worms are called as pin worm
 Females are opisthodelphic
 Eggs are elongate, slightly flattened on
one side with a plug at one pole (90 µm)
Oxyuris equi…

13. SUPERFAMILY: SUBULUROIDEA
FAMILY: HETERAKIDAE

14.  Occurs in the small intestine of Poultry, guinea
fowl, turkey and various wild birds in most
part of the world
 Worms are around 7 – 12 cm long and
therefore referred as “Large Round worms of
poultry”
 At the anterior end there is three prominent lips
& filariform esophagus
 At the post end of male there is a pair of caudal
alae, 10 pair of caudal papillae and two sub
equal spicules and a circular precloacal sucker
 Female worms are Opisthodelphic
Ascaridia galli

15. HETERAKIS GALLINARUM
 These worms are present in the caecum of
fowl, turkey, duck, goose and other birds.
Hence called as caecal worm
 They are 7 -15 mm long
 At anterior end, there are 3 prominent lips,
cervical alae extending upto middle of the body
and a post bulbed esophagus
 At posterior end of male there are 2 unequal
spicules, caudal alae, 12 pair of caudal papillae
& precloacal sucker
 Females are opistodelphic

16. SUPERFAMILY RHABDITOIDEA
Family: Strongyloididae
Genus: Strongyloides
Species: S. papillosus: ruminants
S. stercoralis: man, dog, cat
S. ransomi: pig
S. westeri: equine
Order: Rhabditida

17. MORPHOLOGY:
 All these worms are very small ranging
from 2– 9 mm depending upon species
(thread worms)
 However, esophagus is quite long &
different species are identified by
proportion of the length of esophagus to
total length
 Free living generation-
Rhabditiform
 Parasitic generation- filariform
 Both sexes also possess a tiny buccal
capsule and cylindrical esophagus
without a posterior bulb

18. FAMILY: THELAZIDAE
Genus: Spirocerca
Thelazia
Gongylonema
ORDER: Spirurida

19. FAMILY: THELAZIIDAE
 Genus: Thelazia
 Species: Thelazia rhodesi
Thelazia lacrimalis
Thelazia
Rhodesii
 Eye worm of cattle
 parasite of conjunctival sac
or lacrymal duct of cattle,
buffaloes & rarely in sheep
& goat
Thelazia
lacrymalis
 Eye worm of equines
 Present in conjunctival sac
and lacrymal ducts of
equines

20. THELEZIA SPP. MORPHOLOGY
 1-2 cm milky white worms
 cuticle at anterior end bears prominent transverse striations
 Shallow buccal capsule
 Spirurid oesophagus
 At posterior end of male there is caudal alae, caudal papillae &
unequal spicule

21. GONGYLONEMA PULCHRUM
 At anterior end there is presence of circular or oval cuticular
thickening called cuticular bosses
 Small cervical alae also present
 At posterior end of male, there is asymetrical caudal alae,
papillae & unequal spicule

22. SPIROCERCA LUPI
 Occurs in the wall of esophagus,
stomach & aorta of dogs & other
wild canid host
 At this location, the worm are
enclosed in nodules containing
necrotic mass
 These worms are tightly coiled in
spiral & pink in color (3-8 cm
long)

23. SPIROCERCA LUPI…
 At anterior end there are 2 trilobed lips & pharynx is short
followed by filariform oesophagus
 Posterior end of male is tightly coiled & there are caudal
alae, caudal papillae & 2 unequal spicules

24. FAMILY: SPIRURIDAE
 At the anterior end there are two lateral lips
 Oesophagus is divided into 2 parts i.e. anterior muscular portion
& post glandular portion
 Posterior end of male is usually coiled and bears caudal alae,
caudal papillae & 2 unequal spicules. Left spicule is longer than
the right one
 Eggs are thick shelled & they contain larva when they are laid.
 Life cycle is indirect and arthropod acts as i/m host

25. FAMILY: SPIRURIDAE
1. Genus: Habronema
Species: H. muscae
H. microstoma
2. Genus: Draschia
Species: D. megastoma

26. HABRONEMA MUSCAE
 Occurs in the stomach of equines
 They are 8-23 mm in length
 At the anterior end there are 2 trilobed lips
 The pharynx is cylindrical & is thickly
lined by cuticle
 In females, vulva is located in middle of
the body
 The male has wide caudal alae & 4 pairs
of Precloacal papillae

27. HABRONEMA MICROSTOMA/ MAJUS
 Present in the stomach of equines.
 It is slightly larger than the
H.muscae
 Morphology at the anterior end is
similar to H.muscae but incase of
H.microstoma there is a dorsal & a
ventral tooth in the cylindrical
pharynx

28. DRASCHIA MEGASTOMA
 Present in the nodules in
wall of stomach of
equines
 Head is constricted off
from the body
 Pharynx is funnel shaped
which is thick lined by
cuticle

29. SUPERFAMILY PHYSALOPTEROIDEA
 Family Physalopteridae
 Physaloptera preputialis:
 Cuticular sheath that covers the posterior
end of the body of both sexes which
appears prepuce-like.
 The males are 1 cm to 4.5 cm in length;
the females are 1.5 to 6 cm long.
 The vulva is slightly anterior to midbody.
caudal end of a male
Anterior end

30. SUPERFAMILY PHYSALOPTEROIDEA…
 Family Gnathostomatidae
 Genus Gnathosoma
 G. spinigerum
 MORPHOLOGY:
 Stout, reddish, slightly transparent
with sub lobose cephalic swelling
separated from the remainder of
the worm by a cervical
constriction
 Curved ventrad at both ends
 Posterior half is aspinous except
for a few small terminal spines’
 Cephalic portion is covered with
4-8 rows of sharp, recurve hooks
Female ▫ 25-54µm long ▫
More curved tails than
males ▫ larger • Male ▫
11-25µm long ▫ Males
have red tails

31.  Worms are quite long and slender
 Present in the body cavities, blood vessels, lymph vessels and
connective tissue spaces
 Commonly known as Filarid worms
 The males of Filarid worms are distinctly smaller than the
females
 These worms are larviparous & the larvae are called as
microfilaria
SUPERFAMILY: FILARIOIDIA

32. Genus: Parafilaria
Dirofilaria
Wuchereria
FAMILY: FILARIIDAE

33.  Worms are 3-7 cms long. Present in the sub-
cutaneous, intermuscular connective tissue of
cattle & buffaloes
 At the anterior end, the cuticle bears rows of
papilliform thickening
 Rest of the cuticle is transversely striated
PARAFILARIA BOVICOLA

34.  Occurs in right ventricle & pulmonary
arteries of dog, fox, canid & felid host ,
rarely in man
 The worms are called Heart worms
 Worms are upto 25 cms long, milky
white in colour
 At the anterior end, lips, pharynx &
buccal capsule are absent
 Post end of male is spirally coiled and
tail bears five pair of papillae
DIROFILARIA IMMITIS

35. GENUS: SETARIA
STEPHANOFILARIA
Family: Setariidae

36. GENUS: SETARIA
 Setaria digitata- occurs in the peritoneal cavity of cattle &
buffalo, less frequently in urinary bladder
 Setaria cervi- occurs in the peritoneal cavity of deer &
buffaloes
 Setaria equina- occurs in the peritoneal cavity of equines

37. GENUS: SETARIA
 These worm are commonly found in
the peritoneal cavity of ungulates.
 They are 10 -15 cm long, milky white
in colour
 The mouth is surrounded by a cuticular
ring having four prominences, 1
dorsal, 1 ventral & 2 lateral

38. SETARIA
 At posterior end, male have
unequal spicules, caudal alae &
papillae
 At posterior end of female, there is
pair of appendages at the posterior
tips, there is a conical projection

39. STEPHANOFIALRIA ASSAMENSIS

40. STEPHANOFILARIA ASSAMENSIS
These worms are small in size,
less than 1 cm, occurs in the skin
of cattle
Mouth is surrounded by a
protruding cuticular rim which has
a denticular edge
In female worms, anus is absent
Stephanofilaria zaheeri:
Lesion are seen in the inner surface
of ear pinna of buffaloes

41. SUPERFAMILY: DRACUNCULOIDEA
 Family: Dracunculidae
 Genus: Dracuncula
 D. medinensis
 Males :12 to 29 mm in length and 0.4 mm
in breadth.
 Females :60 cm to 120 cm in length and 1.3
mm in breadth.
 The anterior end of the body of both male
and female bears a rounded head which
terminates into the chitinous shield
containing the triangular mouth and
papillae.

42. DRACUNCULA MEDINENSIS
 The long body of female is cylindrical,
milky white in colour, smooth in texture
result a long twine thread.
 The posterior end of the body of female is
slightly bent, tapering, bearing a chitinous
hook, called anchoring hook. The parasite
maintains its hold with the host through the
anchoring hook.

43. ORDER: ENOPLIDA
FAMILY: TRICHINELLIDAE
Species: Trichinella spiralis

44. SPECIES: TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS
 These worms are present in Small
intestine of man, pigs & rodents
 Male worms are 1-2 mm long while
females are 3-4 mm long
 At the posterior end of male there are 2
lateral flaps & a pair caudal papillae.
 Spicules are absent
 Females are larviparous

45. FAMILY: TRICHURIDAE
 Commonly called as ‘Whip worm’
 Anterior part of the worm is long &
slender while the posterior part is much
thicker
 Posterior end of male is curled
 There is a single spicule surrounded by
protrusible sheath which is covered by
cuticular spines

46. FAMILY: TRICHURIDAE
 Species: found in caecum & colon
 Trichuris ovis – sheep, goat, cattle
 T. vulpis - dogs
 T. trichiura - man
 T. suis - pigs