Respond to Biology Questions : Answers between ½ and 1-page long Question: Answer all of the short essay questions. The answer to each question should be in complete sentences and between ½ and 1-page long. 1. Wild turkeys are dramatically sexually dimorphic; domestic turkeys are far less so. Suppose that female wild turkeys chose males on the basis of expensive traits that indicate disease resistance and that artificial selection for rapid weight gain in domestic turkeys destroys female choice. What would you predict about the evolution of disease resistance in domestic turkeys? If we observe that domestic turkeys are less resistant, does that necessarily mean that wild females had been choosing more-resistant males, or are other hypotheses equally plausible? Please include at least one scientific research article to support your response. Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation. 2. The main processes involved in speciation are genetic separation and phenotypic differentiation. Provide a discussion of at least two (2) plausible causes for both. Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation. 3. Deviations from the environment to which we are adapted have been used to explain a large variety of conditions, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the persistent crying known as colic, lower back pain, drug addiction, and depression. Consult the scientific literature for details on one such condition and then evaluate the quality of evidence for an evolutionary interpretation of the condition. Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation. 4. Sand gobies are a small, shallow-water marine fish in which males construct nests underneath empty mussel shells. Females come and lay eggs in the mussel shell nest, and males then guard the eggs until they hatch. Males fan water over the eggs with their fins while the eggs develop. The more eggs in their nest, and the more those eggs consume oxygen from the surrounding water, the more the male will fan the eggs. Kai Lindstrom and colleagues were curious about how females choose males. In a first experiment, females were placed in an aquarium from which they could view two males, one of whom had been provided with a small nest (a 6cm wide flowerpot nested within a 10cm wide flowerpot), and the other with a large nest (a 10cm flowerpot). Females were kept (with clear partitions) to the side of the nest so that they could not see the inside of the nest - from their point of view, the nests appeared identical. They could, however, see the male at the nest entrance. In a second experiment, low-oxygen water was piped into one of the nests. Again, the females could not perceive the difference in oxygen level from their location—all they could view from their vantage point was the male at the entrance of the nest. Two experiments were conducted. After the females had been given ample time to view the males, the small flowerpot.

1. Respond to Biology Questions
:
Answers between ½ and 1-page long
Question: Answer all of the short essay questions. The answer
to each question should be in complete sentences and between ½
and 1-page long.
1.
Wild turkeys are dramatically sexually dimorphic; domestic
turkeys are far less so. Suppose that female wild turkeys chose
males on the basis of expensive traits that indicate disease
resistance and that artificial selection for rapid weight gain in
domestic turkeys destroys female choice. What would you
predict about the evolution of disease resistance in domestic
turkeys? If we observe that domestic turkeys are less resistant,
does that necessarily mean that wild females had been choosing
more-resistant males, or are other hypotheses equally plausible?
Please include at least one scientific research article to support
your response. Be sure to provide be at least one reference
and give a citation.
2.
The main processes involved in speciation are genetic
separation and phenotypic differentiation. Provide a discussion
of at least two (2) plausible causes for both.
Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation.

2. 3.
Deviations from the environment to which we are adapted have
been used to explain a large variety of conditions, including
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the persistent crying
known as colic, lower back pain, drug addiction, and
depression. Consult the scientific literature for details on one
such condition and then evaluate the quality of evidence for an
evolutionary interpretation of the condition. Be sure to provide
be at least one reference and give a citation.
4.
Sand gobies are a small, shallow-water marine fish in which
males construct nests underneath empty mussel shells. Females
come and lay eggs in the mussel shell nest, and males then
guard the eggs until they hatch. Males fan water over the eggs
with their fins while the eggs develop. The more eggs in their
nest, and the more those eggs consume oxygen from the
surrounding water, the more the male will fan the eggs.
Kai Lindstrom and colleagues were curious about how females
choose males. In a first experiment, females were placed in an
aquarium from which they could view two males, one of whom
had been provided with a small nest (a 6cm wide flowerpot
nested within a 10cm wide flowerpot), and the other with a
large nest (a 10cm flowerpot). Females were kept (with clear
partitions) to the side of the nest so that
they could not see the inside of the nest - from their point of
view, the nests appeared identical. They could, however, see the
male at the nest entrance. In a second experiment, low-oxygen
water was piped into one of the nests. Again, the females could
not perceive the difference in oxygen level from their

3. location—all they could view from their vantage point was the
male at the entrance of the nest.
Two experiments were conducted. After the females had been
given ample time to view the males, the small flowerpot was
removed (in the first experiment) and the low-oxygen water
pipe turned off (in the second experiment). The female was then
given access to the entire aquarium and allowed to inspect the
inside of the nests for the first time. What she saw was that both
males had identical nests—10cm wide flowerpots with normal
oxygenation. Yet, in the first experiment, 82% of females first
chose the male who initially had the larger nest. In the second
experiment, 73% of females first chose the male who initially
had low-oxygen water piped into his nest earlier.
What explanation do you have for these results? How were
females able to perceive differences in nests that they could not
see, and why did they make the choices that they did?
Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation.
Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation.
5.
Why do pathogens evolve quickly?
Be sure to provide be at least one reference and give a citation.
DIRECTIONS
Responses should be between ½ and 1-page long and must
substantively integrate the subjects covered in each question.
APA style formatting
Use one additional sources relevant to each question and in-text
citations in APA style.
·

4. Don’t forget to create references
*
Responses should be between ½ and 1-page
long and must substantively integrate the subjects covered in
each question.
*
Use one additional sources relevant to each question and in-text
citations in APA style.
*
APA format
*
Original Work
*
Due Tuesday, February 23, 2016 8:00 PM