3. Catalase Introduction
History
Commercial Production
Characterisation
Structure of Catalase
Catalase Sources
Catalase Reaction
Mechanism of Catalase
Applications
4. Catalase is an enzyme that is found in all living things that
come into contact with oxygen.
Living organisms include bacteria, plants, and animals.
Catalases belong to the oxidoreductases class of the Enzyme.
EC 1.11.1.6
The catalase Enzyme is the key regulator of hydrogen
peroxide metabolism
2H2O2 H2O + O2
5. In 1818, the Catalase Enzyme was discovered.
H2O2 was Discovered by Luis Jacques Thenard who
hypothesized that its breakdown is produced by an unknown
chemical.
In 1900, Oscar Loew was the first to give it the name Catalase.
He discovered it in a variety of animals and plants.
In 1937 James B.summer and Alexander Dounce crystallised
the catalase from beef liver.
6. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic substance, so it is necessary to
convert it into non toxic substance. Catalase perform this
function.
7. A tetramer of four polypeptide chains
Each over 500 amino acids long
Four iron-containing heme groups that allow
the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide.
Heme is a prosthetic group
Human catalase prefers a pH of close to 7.
For various catalases, the ideal pH ranges
from 4 to 11, depending on the species.
The temperature parameter also varies.
8.
9. Steps
Selection of Microorganism
Medium Preparation
Production
Recovery and Purification
10. Those microorganisms are preferred which produce enzymes
in high amount and in less time.
Bacteria; pseudomonas arroginsa ,Bacillus, Staphlococcus
Fungi; Aspergillus Niger , Aspergillus fumigatus etc.
11. In medium preparation we use all those contents which are
necessary for growth of microorganism. Such as carbon
source, Nitrogen source and minerals are necessary for
microorganism’s growth.
Carbon source include glucose, starch etc.
Nitrogen source include Ammonium soln, Nitrate salt
Minerals like phosphate, Mg salt, K2 salts, Ca salts
12. Microbial Strain, Maintenance, and Cultivation
Determination of Biomass and Total Protein
Analyze enzyme
Purification of Enzymes
Gel made of sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide
Thermo stability and the Thermal Effect
Effect of Reaction pH and pH Stability
Determination of Km and Vmax
Effect and Stability of Organic Solvents
13. Catalase can be recovered by removing this cell
from the fermentation medium (e.g. filtration)
and than concentrating the both.
Now the Enzyme is ready to marketed.
14. Optimum pH of catalase
enzyme is 9
Working range is between 7 to
11.
15. The production of catalase from A. fumigatus was optimised in this study.
The time course of catalase enzyme production reaches its peak value on the seventh
day of cellular growth.
In addition, adding 0.5 mM H2O2 to the culture media as a source of oxidative stress
resulted in an increase in catalase activity.
For the first time, the catalase enzyme was isolated from A. fumigatus.
It was determined that the purification factor and activity recovery values were 24 and
55%, respectively.
pH and temperature that are ideal were identified as 60 °C and 7.0, respectively, for
the pure enzyme.
It was noted that the enzyme was stable between 30° and 50°C and pH 4.0 and 9.0 for
around 2 hours.
The order of the enzyme’s resistance to organic solvents was
Ethanol>Acetone>Methanol>DMSO at concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 20%.
The ability of Aspergillus catalase to withstand changes in temperature and pH levels
can be an advantage for the enzyme when used in lengthy industrial processes.
16. Commercial source of Catalase is Aspergillus Niger.
There are also some other sources.
Staphylococcus
Candida abligance
Aspergillus fumigatus
17. FOOD INDUSTRY
In food industry it used for removal of H2O2 pasteurized milk
and dairy products.
Used to determine milk quality
Used with other Enzymes as preservatives
Food wrapper
Used for production of cheese
Catalase is used to prevent the browning of fruits and
vegetables and to improve the shelf life of dairy products.
18. MEDICAL INDUSTRY
Removal of H2O2 from blood
For keeping contact lenses (contact lenses are placed in enzyme
solution)
PHARMACEUTICAL industry
In the pharmaceutical industry, Catalase is used in the production
of drugs for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer
and diabetes.
In biotechnology, Catalase is used in the production of biofuels
and in the removal of hydrogen peroxide from industrial
wastewater.
