2. Introduction

3. 100 billion

4. Neurons are Communication Cells Dendrites Nucleus Axon Myelin Sheath Schwann Cell Node of Ranvier Axon Terminal Cell Body (Soma)

5. Thought and Behaviour

6. The Receptive Zone

8. MOR Gene Disruption of MOR gene disrupts function of morphine Matthes et al., (1996); Sora et al., (1997); Loh et al., (1998); Monory et al., (2000)

9. The Life Cycle of a Receptor

10. Morphine Morphine Endorphin Mu-Opioid Peptide Receptor

11. MOP Receptors The fate of the MOP receptor depends on what binds to it. No Treatment Endorphin Heroin

12. Mice with designer genes RMOR s: R ecycling M u- O pioid R eceptor Knock-in Mouse Line RMOR MOR

13. Knock-in vs. Wild-type

14. KI mice show reduced withdrawal behaviours. +/+ -/-

16. Structural changes in the “addicted” neurons Robinson and Kolb (1997)

17. Dopamine and Reward Cue Response Reward DOPAMINE (DA)

18. Chronic cocaine reduces DA receptor availability Healthy Brain Addicted Brain

19. Social Rank Morgan et al., (2002) Nat. Neurosci Social rank correlated with DA receptor function and subsequent vulnerability to addiction

21. The Action Potential

23. Prognosis Disease progression worsens throughout life

24. Life Expectancy Life expectancy 5-10 years lower than average There is no known cure

27. New Caledonian Crow http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/crow/weirmovie.mov

28. Motor Neurons

29. Prediction

30. Empathy

31. Child Development Awww, you know that tickles!

32. Theory of Mind

33. Monkey See, Monkey Do