What do the letters DNA stand for? DNA is a polymer, which means that is made up of many repeating single units (monomers). What are the monomers called? The \"backbone\" of the DNA molecule is made up of two alternating components, what are these? There are four different variations of these monomers (four different bases), what are the names of those bases? Solution 1) Deoxyribonuclec acid 2) Nucleotides 3) Sugar and phosphate group 4) purines (Adenine, Guanine) ; pyrimidine (Cytosine, Thymine ) ...... adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine..