Mineral Metabolism Disturbances

Disturbances in mineral
metabolism 2
6/22/2016 1
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental
Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

Learning Objectives
At the end the student should be able to--
• Describe,body content,Daily requirements,Dietary
sources,Absorption,Excretion,Functions,Related
pathologies of Magnesium.
• Describe,Body content,Daily requirements,Dietary
pathologies of sodium.
• Describe ,Body content,Daily requirements,Dietary
pathologies of potassium.
6/22/2016 2www.indiandentalacademy.com

Pathological calcification
• Dystrophic calcification- it is the
precipitation of calcium in degenerating
and dead tissues.
• Most Frequent Type
• Aterosclerosis, pulp of teeth
• Raise in alkalinity ,normal Ca

• Metastatic calcification- occurs due to excess amount
of calcium in the blood which gets deposited in the
previously undamaged tissues.
• Hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis D

• Calcinosis- it is the calcification occurring under the
skin. Can be associated with scleroderma.
• Circumscribed & generalised form.

Magnesium
• It is present as intracellular ion in all living cells and
tissues.
• It appears to participate in practically every
phosphorylating mechanisms.

• 25 mg is present in a body.
• Half of this amount is found in bones, one quarter in
muscles.
• Normal serum magnesium level is 1-3 mg/dl.

Dietary requirements
a) Infants –50 mg /day.
b) Children (1 -18 yrs) – 400 mg/day.
c) Women during pregnancy, lactation & post
menopause-150 mg/day.

Absorption & Excretion
• Average Daily dietary intake of magnesium is
absorbed in small bowel.
• 60%- fecal route
• Rest- urine & sweat

Functions
• Co-factor and activator for enzymatic actions.
• Essential for peptidases, ribonucleases, glycolytic
enzymes and cocarboxylation reactions.
• Exerts an effect on neuromuscular irritability.
• As a constituent of bones and teeth.

Hypermagnesemia
• Rickets
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Adrenocortical insufficiency
• Hypothyroidism
• Advanced renal failure
• Acute renal failure

Hypomagnesemia
• Tetany
• Severe neuromuscular hyperirritability
• Carpopedal spasm
• Trosseau’s sign
• Athetoid movements
• Decreased serum magnesium & calcium concentration

• Diets – only 13 ppm-ameloblast degneration
• >1.30mEq- Tetany

Sodium
• It is mainly associated with chloride.
• Average content- 83-97 gm.
• One third of these in skeleton & remaining is
extracellular.

Requirement
• Breast milk- 0.4 gm NaCl
• Cow’s milk – 1.7 gm NaCl per liter
• Average dietary intake- 10-15gm/day
• Blood level is 160 mg/dl of whole blood.
• Excretion : kidney

Functions
• Maintain the acid-base equilibrium as well as osmotic
pressure.
• Substitution for potassium
• Contraction of heart
• Maintains neuromuscular excitability, viscosity of
blood and fluid balance.

Hypernatremia
• Simple dehydration
• Diabetes insipidus
• Excess sodium intake
• Steroid therapy

Hyponatremia
• Diuretic medication
• Excessive sweating
• Kidney diseases
• Congestive heart failure
• Diarrhea ( cases of increased gastrointestinal loss)

Pathology
• Excessive Na- Odema, hypertension
• Decrease Na-weakness , fatigue cramps

Potassium
• It is major intracellular cation.
• It is widely distributed in body fluids and tissues
such as nerve, muscle as well as in cells.
• Average human body contains- 3.6 moles of potassium
• Requirement is greatest during rapid growth.

Excretion
• Urine
• Saliva
• Gastric, bile, pancreatic and intestinal juices.

Functions
• In co-ordination with sodium
• Influences muscular activity
• Maintains acid-base balance
• Cardiac function
• Involved in neuromuscular irritability
• Nerve conduction process

Hyperkalemia
• Mental confusion, numbness and tingling of the
extremities, pallor, cold skin, weakness, disturbances
in cardiac rhythm and peripheral collapse.

Hypokalemia
• Decreased muscular irritability, muscular weakness,
reduced or absent reflexes, mental confusion,
paralysis, disturbances in conductivity and
contractility of heart muscle and alterations in GIT.

Chlorine
• It maintains acid-base equilibrium together with that
of sodium and potassium.
• Average intake is 6-9 gm/day.
• Normal blood plasma concentration- 550-650 mg/dl

• Absorption – small intestine
• Excretion – kidney
• Functions :
• Production of HCL in the gastric juice.
• Activates salivary amylase
• Chloride shift

Summary
mineral (Magnesium, sodium , potassium)in context to
these following headings-
Daily requirements ,Dietary sources, Absorption,
Excretion, Functions ,Related pathologies

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Text book of oral pathology Shafer's, 5 & 6th edition
 Color Atlas of Oral Diseases Cawson, R. 2nd edition
 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Neville, Brad W. 2nd
 Lucas’s Pathology Of Tumor’s of the Oral Tissues
Cawson, R. A., Bennie, W. H 5th edition

THANK YOU

Mineral Metabolism Disturbances

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Mineral Metabolism Disturbances

Similar to Mineral Metabolism Disturbances (20)

More from Indian dental academy

More from Indian dental academy (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Mineral Metabolism Disturbances