In December 2019 in Wuhan, China the pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus SARS CoV 2 is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization WHO has declared the current rash as a global public health emergency. Currently, the research on novel coronavirus is immobile in the primary stage. Created on the recent published evidence, In this review systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of knowledge surrounding COVID 19 also the ayurvedic treatments are placed. In this literature review, the causative agent, pathogenesis and immune responses, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease, control and preventions strategies are all reviewed. This review in the anticipation of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS CoV 2 , also providing a reference for future studies. Sneha. H. Salunkhe | Pooja. A. Petkar | Monali Lalge | Nilesh Bhosale "A Brief Review on Covid 19 by Treatment of Ayurveda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31574.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacoinformatics/31574/a-brief-review-on-covid-19-by-treatment-of-ayurveda/sneha-h-salunkhe
The document summarizes the origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19. It discusses how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is genetically similar to coronaviruses found in bats. While bats may be the original source, the intermediate host that transmitted it to humans is unknown. It spreads efficiently from person to person via respiratory droplets. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to infect human cells, similarly to SARS-CoV. The document compares COVID-19 to previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS, caused by other coronaviruses.
This document summarizes key information about COVID-19 and compares it to other human coronaviruses like SARS and MERS. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is genetically similar to coronaviruses found in bats. While bats may be the reservoir, the intermediate host that transmitted it to humans is unknown. COVID-19 spreads rapidly between humans through respiratory droplets. There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments, but some drugs are being clinically tested.
Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) exhibit positive single stranded RNA genome with enveloped nucleocapsid. Coronavirus belongs to the family Coronaviridae, originated from avian and mammalian species causes upper respiratory tract infection in humans by novel HCoVs viruses named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63 but predominant species is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world. HCoV-HKU1 sp. is associated with chronic pulmonary disease, while HCoV-NL63 causes upper and lower respiratory tract disease in both children and adults, but most recent one was MERS-CoV, which caused acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as named by the World Health Organization. According to the recent world statistics report about the COVID-19 cases approx. 101,500 confirmed cases and 3,500 death cases appeared. And mostly, a case of infection with CoV was identified in Wuhan, China. Structurally viral genome constitutes of 2/3rd of replicase gene encoding ORFs regions and rest of the 1/3rd region of genome form the structural proteins. The aim of the study was to understand the viral genetic systems in order to facilitate the genetic manipulation of the viral genome and to know the fundamental mechanism during the viral replication, facilitating the development of antidotes against the virus.
Hundred samples viz. urine, blood, wound, pus and sputum collected from different patients were found to harbour Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (27%) with a maximum isolation from wound samples (33.33%) and minimum from blood samples (11.11%). The degree of resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to different antibiotics like Ceftazidime (30µg), Amikacin (30µg), Imipenem (10µg), Ciprofloxacin (30µg), Tetracycline (30µg), Gentamicin (10µg), Norfloxacin (10µg), Penicillin (30µg), Chloramphenicol (30µg), and Ofloxacin (5µg) varied from 56% to 100%. Antiseptics i.e. Betadine and Dettol were found to be more effective against the MDR strain of P. aeruginosa at the dilutions of 10-1 and 10-2. Duration of the disease and hospitalization duration, evaluated as risk factors for P. aeruginosa colonization were found to be statistically significant while age and gender were found to be statistically non- significant. The incidence of multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa is increasing fast due to the frequent use of antibiotics and antiseptics, which are used extensively in hospitals and healthcare centers, therefore it is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Key-words- Antibiotic, Antiseptic, Betadine and Dettol, Disinfectants, P. aeruginosa
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid which is derived from the microalgae Haematococcuspluvialis. As well as being the most powerful antioxidant known to science, it also has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Naturalastaxanthin´s distinct advantage in comparison to other antioxidants, is its ability to span the entire lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, thus providing superior protection from the inside out. Natural astaxanthin has a strong ability to both balance and strengthen the immune system. This article reviews the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of astaxanthin from the algae Haematoccus pluvialis in Astashine capsules as a natural immune booster in covid-19 infections.
This document provides information about the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first detected in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It discusses the virus's origins, symptoms, transmission, incubation period, treatment and prevention. Key points include that the virus causes respiratory illness and in rare cases can be lethal, has an incubation period of 2-14 days, spreads through respiratory droplets, and treatment involves supportive care while a vaccine is not yet available. The summary provides high-level essential details about the virus in a concise manner.
Structural Design on Virus and its Diversityijtsrd
The coronavirus disease 19 COVID 19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS CoV 2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome like SARS like bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. In this document we will analyze the structure and diversity of the pathogen and we will also discuss the previous emergence of human coronaviruses like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MERS CoV . Nadia Naseer "Structural Design on Virus and its Diversity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31225.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/31225/structural-design-on-virus-and-its-diversity/nadia-naseer
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It discusses the virus structure and classification, symptoms of COVID-19 infection, modes of transmission, current lack of vaccines or treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential treatments. It also summarizes past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS, and compares the genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 to related coronaviruses found in bats and pangolins.
The document summarizes the origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19. It discusses how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is genetically similar to coronaviruses found in bats. While bats may be the original source, the intermediate host that transmitted it to humans is unknown. It spreads efficiently from person to person via respiratory droplets. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to infect human cells, similarly to SARS-CoV. The document compares COVID-19 to previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS, caused by other coronaviruses.
This document summarizes key information about COVID-19 and compares it to other human coronaviruses like SARS and MERS. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is genetically similar to coronaviruses found in bats. While bats may be the reservoir, the intermediate host that transmitted it to humans is unknown. COVID-19 spreads rapidly between humans through respiratory droplets. There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments, but some drugs are being clinically tested.
Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) exhibit positive single stranded RNA genome with enveloped nucleocapsid. Coronavirus belongs to the family Coronaviridae, originated from avian and mammalian species causes upper respiratory tract infection in humans by novel HCoVs viruses named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63 but predominant species is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world. HCoV-HKU1 sp. is associated with chronic pulmonary disease, while HCoV-NL63 causes upper and lower respiratory tract disease in both children and adults, but most recent one was MERS-CoV, which caused acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as named by the World Health Organization. According to the recent world statistics report about the COVID-19 cases approx. 101,500 confirmed cases and 3,500 death cases appeared. And mostly, a case of infection with CoV was identified in Wuhan, China. Structurally viral genome constitutes of 2/3rd of replicase gene encoding ORFs regions and rest of the 1/3rd region of genome form the structural proteins. The aim of the study was to understand the viral genetic systems in order to facilitate the genetic manipulation of the viral genome and to know the fundamental mechanism during the viral replication, facilitating the development of antidotes against the virus.
Hundred samples viz. urine, blood, wound, pus and sputum collected from different patients were found to harbour Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (27%) with a maximum isolation from wound samples (33.33%) and minimum from blood samples (11.11%). The degree of resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to different antibiotics like Ceftazidime (30µg), Amikacin (30µg), Imipenem (10µg), Ciprofloxacin (30µg), Tetracycline (30µg), Gentamicin (10µg), Norfloxacin (10µg), Penicillin (30µg), Chloramphenicol (30µg), and Ofloxacin (5µg) varied from 56% to 100%. Antiseptics i.e. Betadine and Dettol were found to be more effective against the MDR strain of P. aeruginosa at the dilutions of 10-1 and 10-2. Duration of the disease and hospitalization duration, evaluated as risk factors for P. aeruginosa colonization were found to be statistically significant while age and gender were found to be statistically non- significant. The incidence of multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa is increasing fast due to the frequent use of antibiotics and antiseptics, which are used extensively in hospitals and healthcare centers, therefore it is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Key-words- Antibiotic, Antiseptic, Betadine and Dettol, Disinfectants, P. aeruginosa
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid which is derived from the microalgae Haematococcuspluvialis. As well as being the most powerful antioxidant known to science, it also has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Naturalastaxanthin´s distinct advantage in comparison to other antioxidants, is its ability to span the entire lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, thus providing superior protection from the inside out. Natural astaxanthin has a strong ability to both balance and strengthen the immune system. This article reviews the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of astaxanthin from the algae Haematoccus pluvialis in Astashine capsules as a natural immune booster in covid-19 infections.
This document provides information about the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first detected in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It discusses the virus's origins, symptoms, transmission, incubation period, treatment and prevention. Key points include that the virus causes respiratory illness and in rare cases can be lethal, has an incubation period of 2-14 days, spreads through respiratory droplets, and treatment involves supportive care while a vaccine is not yet available. The summary provides high-level essential details about the virus in a concise manner.
Structural Design on Virus and its Diversityijtsrd
The coronavirus disease 19 COVID 19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS CoV 2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome like SARS like bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. In this document we will analyze the structure and diversity of the pathogen and we will also discuss the previous emergence of human coronaviruses like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MERS CoV . Nadia Naseer "Structural Design on Virus and its Diversity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31225.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/31225/structural-design-on-virus-and-its-diversity/nadia-naseer
This document provides an overview of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It discusses the virus structure and classification, symptoms of COVID-19 infection, modes of transmission, current lack of vaccines or treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential treatments. It also summarizes past coronavirus outbreaks like SARS and MERS, and compares the genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 to related coronaviruses found in bats and pangolins.
Coronavirus Disease-19 and Reinfections: A Review of Casesasclepiuspdfs
Since first surfacing in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic with confirmed cases and death bells tolling in the millions with new cases still emerging daily. Despite sharing genetic similarities to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, the specific viral proteins found on the novel SARS coronavirus 2 and its structure seems to make this strain much more elusive and destructive. Based on peer-reviewed cases, there seems to be an increase in patient reinfection, but due to current testing and treatment limitations, it is yet to be determined if the new trend of reinfection is due to a persistent COVID-19 infection that involves a latent period, a recurrent infection due to the same strain of COVID-19, or a mutated strain of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to discuss the recent reports of the development of reinfection in previously confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to gain a further understanding of the mechanisms of virulence, the effects on the human immune system, and how current testing and treatment modalities are faring. While the virus seems to have a penchant for patients with existing comorbidities, newer data indicate that everyone may be susceptible to possible infection and that not all patients will present with typical respiratory symptoms, making it imperative to examine established cases of reinfection in an attempt to further help with developing drugs for treatment, vaccines, and protocols for prevention.
This document provides a comprehensive review of potential COVID-19 therapeutics and the possibility of repurposing drugs that were candidates for treating SARS-CoV-1. It summarizes the current management strategies for COVID-19 and discusses the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. The review evaluates similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to identify drug candidates from SARS-CoV-1 that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. It aims to provide insight for developing safe and effective drugs to treat COVID-19.
This document reviews potential pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19. It summarizes the virology of SARS-CoV-2 and potential drug targets, including viral entry proteins and immune pathways. Several repurposed drugs are discussed, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine which may inhibit viral entry and immune responses. Over 300 clinical trials are investigating potential COVID-19 treatments but currently no therapies have proven effective. The most promising is remdesivir, which has strong antiviral activity but requires further clinical trial evaluation.
The first three months of the COVID-19 epidemic:
Epidemiological evidence for two separate strains of SARSCoV-2 viruses spreading and implications for prevention
strategies
Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19Sidharth Mehta
As we know, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide and its only treatment is just Prevention from it. However there is no specific Drug/Medicine till available for this disease. In this report I try to demonstrate some Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19. Hope you guys like this report..Please Let me know some suggestions if you have in the comment section below. #STAYHOME #STAYSAFE
1) The document discusses evidence that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may target the central nervous system (CNS). It expresses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter cells in the lungs, heart, kidneys and other organs.
2) The virus may spread to the brain via the bloodstream or through the nose into the olfactory bulb. It could then bind to and damage ACE2 expressing cells like neurons and glial cells in the CNS.
3) This may help explain some neurological symptoms seen in COVID-19 patients, like loss of smell. Further study of autops
Sars cov 2 spike mutations paper los alamosJauru Freitas
This summarizes a document describing a pipeline for tracking mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in real-time. It identifies 14 mutations accumulating in spike, including the D614G mutation which began spreading in Europe in February and has become dominant in many countries. The pipeline downloads sequence data daily, analyzes alignments to identify frequently recurring mutations, and uses structural modeling to evaluate mutations' effects. Experiments then characterize mutations of interest regarding infectivity, antigenicity, and other impacts. The rapid global spread provides opportunities for natural selection, so ongoing monitoring is important to inform vaccine design as mutations could limit vaccine effectiveness over time.
This article provides a review of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention/control of COVID-19. Key points include that COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe/fatal, with the elderly and those with preexisting conditions most at risk of complications. Diagnosis is via PCR tests of respiratory samples. While there are no approved vaccines or treatments yet, prevention focuses on avoiding exposure, hand washing, and other hygiene/social distancing practices. The aim is to increase awareness and understanding of this ongoing public health threat.
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
Coronavirus infections in children including covid 19 an overview of the epid...gisa_legal
This document summarizes epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic findings for common circulating and novel coronaviruses that infect humans, with a focus on infections in children. It discusses four common human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43) that typically cause mild respiratory illness in children. It also describes two novel coronaviruses, SARS-CoV which emerged in 2002 causing severe acute respiratory syndrome, and MERS-CoV which emerged in 2012 causing Middle East respiratory syndrome, both of which have caused outbreaks with higher mortality rates. The document reviews symptoms, treatments, and prevention strategies for coronavirus infections in children.
Coronavirus: medical management in a developed country that is china versus a...Vedica Sethi
The systemic review has focused on to compare the available treatment options applied by China and India to manage the current pandemic situation, in their respective countries.
This document summarizes recent research on coronaviruses. It describes the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and discusses its transmission between bats, pangolins, and humans. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is most closely related to coronaviruses found in bats and pangolins. The Spike protein and its receptor-binding domain are highly similar between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronaviruses. Key unanswered questions remain about the diversity and transmission of coronaviruses in bats.
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and identification of seasonal influenza virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2) and type B from human samples in Al Najaf, Iraq from March 2012 to April 2013. Three methods were used to detect influenza viruses: plasma pH testing, rapid testing devices, and real-time PCR. Of the 1000 samples tested, 647 cases were positive for influenza virus. The most common subtype was H3N2 at 283 cases, followed by H1N1 at 148 cases and type B at 130 cases. Plasma pH testing identified positive cases as having pH levels lower than normal ranges. Rapid testing devices and real-time PCR were then used for confirmation and identification
The global Corona virus pandemic has brought in a lot of issues, concerns and challenges to humanity and the ecosystem. There is a medical emergency to take up strict measures to slow or stop the spread of this virulent pathogen SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 which is a new variant indicating its origin to the Wuhan city of China. People across nations have been experiencing all the economic and psychological consequences due to this outbreak, and the whole world has joined hands in eradicating this deadly disease. A lot of awareness schemes are being undertaken by many countries and organizations, to not only control the infection but also to revive normalcy. This article provides valuable information about the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment protocols, counseling support systems, innovation strategies, etc., all to ensure that we overcome this crisis and spring back to our healthy routines.
New coronavirus inhibitor exhibits antiviral activity Harm Kiezebrink
Searching for inhibitors of coronaviruses, an international team of scientists led by Edward Trybala, from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Volker Thiel, from the University of Berne, Switzerland, identified a compound called K22.
They initially discovered that K22 had antiviral activity against a relatively harmless coronavirus that causes mild cold-like symptoms in humans.
Follow-up experiments showed that the compound was effective against all other coronaviruses tested, including the SARS and MERS coronaviruses.
The researchers also demonstrated efficient inhibition of virus in cells that line the human airways and are the natural port of entry for respiratory viruses.
The document summarizes the epidemiology and current outbreak status of the 2019 novel coronavirus. It describes how the virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread to multiple other countries. The virus is believed to have originated in animals like bats and snakes and was transmitted to humans. Person-to-person transmission is now occurring. China has implemented strict containment measures like travel restrictions and quarantines to control the outbreak, but cases continue to rise globally. No cases have been confirmed in Bangladesh yet but the densely populated country remains at high risk.
An overview of coronaviruses. Lecture for University Biomedical Students. Using historical knowledge of coronaviruses to better understand the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention o...ijtsrd
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward coronavirus disease COVID 19 Background The World Health Organization declared COVID 19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and declared as a global health emergency. Since then, many efforts are being carried out to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID 19 epidemic in India. The control measures COVID 19 is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP towards COVID 19. Knowledge attitude and practice of people should be directed towards strict preventive practices in order to prevents the spread of the virus. Materials and Methods The aim of the current electronic cross sectional study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among selected rural community. Structured questionnaire was created in the google forms, the link was generated and distributed among the people though email and other media to participate in the survey. A total 153 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results Majority of participant 91.50 were having the adequate information regarding the covid 19 and most of participants, 52.28 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio and newspaper regarding COVID 19. About 52.28 participants were the aware about the online training program by the government .Among 153 participants, 115 had adequate knowledge, 23 had moderately adequate and 15 had inadequate knowledge. Most 75.16 of the participants had adequate knowledge, in 15.03 moderately adequate and in 9.80 inadequate knowledge found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean knowledge score was 15.54 with standard deviation of 2.93. Most of the 102 66.66 had most favourable attitude, 31 20.26 had favourable and 20 13.07 had unfavourable attitude . The mean attitude score was 34.76 with standard deviation of 2.86.Majority of the participants, 129 had good practice, 20 had average practice and 4 had bad practice . Most 84.31 of the participants had good practice, in 13.07 average practice and in 2.61 bad practice found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean practice score was 25.2 with standard deviation of 2.56. Lalan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30657.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30657/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/lalan-kumar
Newer version is available: https://www.slideshare.net/RachelMackelprang/nove...RachelMackelprang
Based on the information provided, the scenario that would put me at the highest risk of being infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the infected student in the crowded classroom would be:
- Sitting or standing very close to the infected student for a prolonged period of time, especially if we were talking face-to-face without any face masks. This would allow the virus to spread more easily through respiratory droplets released into the air by the infected student through coughing, sneezing, talking or breathing.
- Touching surfaces like desks or doorknobs that the infected student had recently touched and then touching my own eyes, nose or mouth without practicing appropriate hand hygiene in between. This could allow the virus to
A review on COVID-19, enlist all the details and information that i know about the current pandemic. i hope you found it informative. i am B.pharm student and currently searching for good job in Pharma Sector. if you want more presentation on any topic then i will deliver it to you, just take a step ahead and make a call on my phone number or you can whatsapp me. I always here to help.
Contact No. 8279242736
E.mail i'd : jain.gaurav402@gmail.com
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 before spreading globally. The current outbreak was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
The non-specific imaging findings are most commonly of atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant distribution. No effective treatment or vaccine exists currently (March 2020).
Coronavirus Disease-19 and Reinfections: A Review of Casesasclepiuspdfs
Since first surfacing in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic with confirmed cases and death bells tolling in the millions with new cases still emerging daily. Despite sharing genetic similarities to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, the specific viral proteins found on the novel SARS coronavirus 2 and its structure seems to make this strain much more elusive and destructive. Based on peer-reviewed cases, there seems to be an increase in patient reinfection, but due to current testing and treatment limitations, it is yet to be determined if the new trend of reinfection is due to a persistent COVID-19 infection that involves a latent period, a recurrent infection due to the same strain of COVID-19, or a mutated strain of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to discuss the recent reports of the development of reinfection in previously confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to gain a further understanding of the mechanisms of virulence, the effects on the human immune system, and how current testing and treatment modalities are faring. While the virus seems to have a penchant for patients with existing comorbidities, newer data indicate that everyone may be susceptible to possible infection and that not all patients will present with typical respiratory symptoms, making it imperative to examine established cases of reinfection in an attempt to further help with developing drugs for treatment, vaccines, and protocols for prevention.
This document provides a comprehensive review of potential COVID-19 therapeutics and the possibility of repurposing drugs that were candidates for treating SARS-CoV-1. It summarizes the current management strategies for COVID-19 and discusses the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. The review evaluates similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to identify drug candidates from SARS-CoV-1 that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. It aims to provide insight for developing safe and effective drugs to treat COVID-19.
This document reviews potential pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19. It summarizes the virology of SARS-CoV-2 and potential drug targets, including viral entry proteins and immune pathways. Several repurposed drugs are discussed, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine which may inhibit viral entry and immune responses. Over 300 clinical trials are investigating potential COVID-19 treatments but currently no therapies have proven effective. The most promising is remdesivir, which has strong antiviral activity but requires further clinical trial evaluation.
The first three months of the COVID-19 epidemic:
Epidemiological evidence for two separate strains of SARSCoV-2 viruses spreading and implications for prevention
strategies
Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19Sidharth Mehta
As we know, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide and its only treatment is just Prevention from it. However there is no specific Drug/Medicine till available for this disease. In this report I try to demonstrate some Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19. Hope you guys like this report..Please Let me know some suggestions if you have in the comment section below. #STAYHOME #STAYSAFE
1) The document discusses evidence that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may target the central nervous system (CNS). It expresses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter cells in the lungs, heart, kidneys and other organs.
2) The virus may spread to the brain via the bloodstream or through the nose into the olfactory bulb. It could then bind to and damage ACE2 expressing cells like neurons and glial cells in the CNS.
3) This may help explain some neurological symptoms seen in COVID-19 patients, like loss of smell. Further study of autops
Sars cov 2 spike mutations paper los alamosJauru Freitas
This summarizes a document describing a pipeline for tracking mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in real-time. It identifies 14 mutations accumulating in spike, including the D614G mutation which began spreading in Europe in February and has become dominant in many countries. The pipeline downloads sequence data daily, analyzes alignments to identify frequently recurring mutations, and uses structural modeling to evaluate mutations' effects. Experiments then characterize mutations of interest regarding infectivity, antigenicity, and other impacts. The rapid global spread provides opportunities for natural selection, so ongoing monitoring is important to inform vaccine design as mutations could limit vaccine effectiveness over time.
This article provides a review of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention/control of COVID-19. Key points include that COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe/fatal, with the elderly and those with preexisting conditions most at risk of complications. Diagnosis is via PCR tests of respiratory samples. While there are no approved vaccines or treatments yet, prevention focuses on avoiding exposure, hand washing, and other hygiene/social distancing practices. The aim is to increase awareness and understanding of this ongoing public health threat.
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
Before March 2020, many people saw pandemics as a thing of the past. Then came COVID-19. Scientists still do not know exactly where the virus that caused it — SARS-CoV-2 — came from, but it soon reached almost every country worldwide. Over 2 years, the virus has evolved, producing several variants. In this Special Feature, we look at the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and ask what lessons scientists have learned.
Coronavirus infections in children including covid 19 an overview of the epid...gisa_legal
This document summarizes epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic findings for common circulating and novel coronaviruses that infect humans, with a focus on infections in children. It discusses four common human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43) that typically cause mild respiratory illness in children. It also describes two novel coronaviruses, SARS-CoV which emerged in 2002 causing severe acute respiratory syndrome, and MERS-CoV which emerged in 2012 causing Middle East respiratory syndrome, both of which have caused outbreaks with higher mortality rates. The document reviews symptoms, treatments, and prevention strategies for coronavirus infections in children.
Coronavirus: medical management in a developed country that is china versus a...Vedica Sethi
The systemic review has focused on to compare the available treatment options applied by China and India to manage the current pandemic situation, in their respective countries.
This document summarizes recent research on coronaviruses. It describes the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and discusses its transmission between bats, pangolins, and humans. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is most closely related to coronaviruses found in bats and pangolins. The Spike protein and its receptor-binding domain are highly similar between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronaviruses. Key unanswered questions remain about the diversity and transmission of coronaviruses in bats.
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and identification of seasonal influenza virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2) and type B from human samples in Al Najaf, Iraq from March 2012 to April 2013. Three methods were used to detect influenza viruses: plasma pH testing, rapid testing devices, and real-time PCR. Of the 1000 samples tested, 647 cases were positive for influenza virus. The most common subtype was H3N2 at 283 cases, followed by H1N1 at 148 cases and type B at 130 cases. Plasma pH testing identified positive cases as having pH levels lower than normal ranges. Rapid testing devices and real-time PCR were then used for confirmation and identification
The global Corona virus pandemic has brought in a lot of issues, concerns and challenges to humanity and the ecosystem. There is a medical emergency to take up strict measures to slow or stop the spread of this virulent pathogen SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 which is a new variant indicating its origin to the Wuhan city of China. People across nations have been experiencing all the economic and psychological consequences due to this outbreak, and the whole world has joined hands in eradicating this deadly disease. A lot of awareness schemes are being undertaken by many countries and organizations, to not only control the infection but also to revive normalcy. This article provides valuable information about the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment protocols, counseling support systems, innovation strategies, etc., all to ensure that we overcome this crisis and spring back to our healthy routines.
New coronavirus inhibitor exhibits antiviral activity Harm Kiezebrink
Searching for inhibitors of coronaviruses, an international team of scientists led by Edward Trybala, from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Volker Thiel, from the University of Berne, Switzerland, identified a compound called K22.
They initially discovered that K22 had antiviral activity against a relatively harmless coronavirus that causes mild cold-like symptoms in humans.
Follow-up experiments showed that the compound was effective against all other coronaviruses tested, including the SARS and MERS coronaviruses.
The researchers also demonstrated efficient inhibition of virus in cells that line the human airways and are the natural port of entry for respiratory viruses.
The document summarizes the epidemiology and current outbreak status of the 2019 novel coronavirus. It describes how the virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread to multiple other countries. The virus is believed to have originated in animals like bats and snakes and was transmitted to humans. Person-to-person transmission is now occurring. China has implemented strict containment measures like travel restrictions and quarantines to control the outbreak, but cases continue to rise globally. No cases have been confirmed in Bangladesh yet but the densely populated country remains at high risk.
An overview of coronaviruses. Lecture for University Biomedical Students. Using historical knowledge of coronaviruses to better understand the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention o...ijtsrd
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward coronavirus disease COVID 19 Background The World Health Organization declared COVID 19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and declared as a global health emergency. Since then, many efforts are being carried out to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID 19 epidemic in India. The control measures COVID 19 is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP towards COVID 19. Knowledge attitude and practice of people should be directed towards strict preventive practices in order to prevents the spread of the virus. Materials and Methods The aim of the current electronic cross sectional study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among selected rural community. Structured questionnaire was created in the google forms, the link was generated and distributed among the people though email and other media to participate in the survey. A total 153 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results Majority of participant 91.50 were having the adequate information regarding the covid 19 and most of participants, 52.28 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio and newspaper regarding COVID 19. About 52.28 participants were the aware about the online training program by the government .Among 153 participants, 115 had adequate knowledge, 23 had moderately adequate and 15 had inadequate knowledge. Most 75.16 of the participants had adequate knowledge, in 15.03 moderately adequate and in 9.80 inadequate knowledge found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean knowledge score was 15.54 with standard deviation of 2.93. Most of the 102 66.66 had most favourable attitude, 31 20.26 had favourable and 20 13.07 had unfavourable attitude . The mean attitude score was 34.76 with standard deviation of 2.86.Majority of the participants, 129 had good practice, 20 had average practice and 4 had bad practice . Most 84.31 of the participants had good practice, in 13.07 average practice and in 2.61 bad practice found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean practice score was 25.2 with standard deviation of 2.56. Lalan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30657.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30657/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/lalan-kumar
Newer version is available: https://www.slideshare.net/RachelMackelprang/nove...RachelMackelprang
Based on the information provided, the scenario that would put me at the highest risk of being infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the infected student in the crowded classroom would be:
- Sitting or standing very close to the infected student for a prolonged period of time, especially if we were talking face-to-face without any face masks. This would allow the virus to spread more easily through respiratory droplets released into the air by the infected student through coughing, sneezing, talking or breathing.
- Touching surfaces like desks or doorknobs that the infected student had recently touched and then touching my own eyes, nose or mouth without practicing appropriate hand hygiene in between. This could allow the virus to
A review on COVID-19, enlist all the details and information that i know about the current pandemic. i hope you found it informative. i am B.pharm student and currently searching for good job in Pharma Sector. if you want more presentation on any topic then i will deliver it to you, just take a step ahead and make a call on my phone number or you can whatsapp me. I always here to help.
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COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 before spreading globally. The current outbreak was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
The non-specific imaging findings are most commonly of atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant distribution. No effective treatment or vaccine exists currently (March 2020).
The document provides an overview of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, virology, transmission, pathophysiology, clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it was first identified in Wuhan, China in 2019 and has since spread globally resulting in a pandemic, transmission occurs via respiratory droplets, clinical features range from mild to severe/critical illness, risk factors include older age and comorbidities, diagnosis involves nucleic acid or antigen testing, and treatment is generally supportive.
The document provides information on COVID-19 and ways to protect against it. It discusses what coronaviruses are, details of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, how the disease spreads via respiratory droplets, those most at risk like the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions, common symptoms like fever and cough, and the importance of practices like hand washing, social distancing, and masks to prevent transmission. It aims to fight misinformation by providing an authentic resource on understanding the pandemic and staying safe.
This document summarizes the current knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It discusses that COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 which originated in bats. The main symptoms are fever, cough and difficulty breathing. The virus spreads through droplets and close contact between people. Diagnosis is done through RT-PCR testing of throat swabs. Currently there are no specific treatments, but research is being done into antiviral medications. Public health measures aim to control the spread and protect vulnerable populations.
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China. It is rapidly spreading, resulting in an epidemic throughout china, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the WHO designated the disease COVID 19, which stands for corona viruses 2019. The virus that causes COVID 19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS COV 2 previously, it was referred to as 2019 nCoV. Anushka Bharti | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandul "COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46439.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/46439/covid19/anushka-bharti
1) Coronaviruses were first identified in 1965 and can infect birds and mammals. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface.
2) A new coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China called 2019-nCoV which has spread rapidly worldwide, killing many people. It causes respiratory illness and pneumonia.
3) Coronaviruses can be transmitted between humans in rare cases, as with 2019-nCoV, in a process called zoonosis. More research is needed to treat and prevent infection from these viruses.
SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. It first emerged in China in 2002 and spread to multiple countries before being contained in 2003. Key points about SARS include:
- It causes symptoms like fever, cough and difficulty breathing. The mortality rate is around 9-10% overall and higher for older patients.
- The SARS coronavirus enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and causes direct cell damage and immune system overreaction.
- During the 2002-2003 outbreak, over 8,000 people were infected worldwide resulting in 774 deaths, with most cases in China and Hong Kong. International cooperation was able to contain the virus.
This review study was conducted on the information of COVID-19 ethio-pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, complication and
Management, and we have compiled the most recent information on the methods and pharmacological agents used in the diagnosis
and treatment of Coronavirus disease, including pharmacological approaches, fluid therapy, oxygen therapy, Adoptive T cell therapy,
Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, Nano medicine approaches in COVID-19 and Vaccination approaches.
diseases_Saliva_Exhibits_High_Sensitivity_and_Spec.pdfDr Faraz Mohammed
This document summarizes a review of 10 studies that evaluated the use of saliva samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The review found that saliva exhibits high diagnostic sensitivity (87%) and specificity (98%) for detecting the virus. Saliva offers advantages over nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples as it is non-invasive, easy to collect, stable, and has a lower risk of cross-infection. Given challenges with invasive sample collection, saliva provides an effective sample type for widespread screening in workplaces, schools, and home testing to help control the pandemic.
PPT describes brief introduction about the coronavirus and covid pandemic. You will get to know about the various classes of Coronavirus and their comparision between them and also the myths regarding this pandemic.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It describes coronaviruses and how a new strain was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Symptoms include fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. Testing methods like RT-PCR and serology tests are used to detect current and past infections. Genome sequencing of over 3,000 virus samples from around the world shows how the virus has spread and evolved into different strains.
Corona viruses are a group of RNA viruses. In late December 2019, Patients with pneumonia with unknown etiology was get admitted in health care facilities in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a pandemic disease which affected more than 200 countries and responsible for 182,989 deaths world wide. The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19, by WHO on February 11, 2020 . COVID 19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate estimated 2 -5 mortality rate. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID 19 although some trials are under investigation. Hence, appropriate use of PPE, regular hand hygiene, Respiratory and cough etiquettes, social distancing are some key elements to prevent the spread of disease. Ms. Pabalpreet Kaur | Ms. Eenu | Ms. Pooja Jaswal | Dr. (Mrs.) Jyoti Sarin "The Outbreak of COVID-19: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30859.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30859/the-outbreak-of-covid19-an-overview/ms-pabalpreet-kaur
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It provides details on the virus genome and structure, comparing it to other coronaviruses like SARS and MERS. It also discusses diagnosis and treatment approaches, as well as efforts to develop vaccines. The pandemic has caused major economic impacts and overwhelmed healthcare systems in some areas.
The Corona virus pandemic has costed a lot of lives through out the world.
Here are some in formations about what is known so far.
It includes cause, Spread, Signs and Symptoms.
it also has the ongoing myths about corona virus.
Epidemiology and outbreak status of 2019 Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)Nusrat Sultana
The document summarizes the epidemiology and current outbreak status of the 2019 novel coronavirus. It describes how the virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread to multiple other countries. The virus is believed to have originated in animals like bats and snakes and was transmitted to humans. Person-to-person transmission is now occurring. China has implemented strict containment measures like travel restrictions and quarantines to control the outbreak, but cases continue to rise globally. No cases have been confirmed in Bangladesh yet but the densely populated country remains at high risk.
PinterestAlthough having two glasses of wine may seem innocuous, experts say some leading brands contain more sugar than recommended. Peter Meade/Getty Images
• Two glasses of some wines contain more than the recommended daily limit of sugar and more calories than a hamburger.
• However, alcohol is exempt from food and drink labeling rules, so consumers are mostly unaware of calorie and sugar loads.
• Health experts are pushing for clear nutritional labeling on alcoholic products to help reduce sugar and alcohol consumption.
The Alcohol Health Alliance UK (AHA), representing over 60 health organizations, recently commissioned an independent laboratory to test 30 bottles of red, rose, white, sparkling, and fruit wines sold in the United Kingdom for sugar content.
The resulting analysis, which appears on the AHA’s website, revealed a “wide variation of sugar and calories between products.”
Several new viral respiratory tract infectious diseases with epidemic potential that threaten global health security have emerged in the past 15 years. A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the 2003. In 2003, WHO issued a worldwide alert for an unknown emerging illness, later named severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) rapidly spread worldwide, Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with plus-stranded RNA genomes of 26-32 kb, the
largest contiguous RNA genomes in nature. Symptoms of SARS include: high fever, cough pneumonia, breathing difficulties headache, chills, muscle aches and sore throat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), From November 2002 to July 2003 a total of 8098 patients, in 25 countries, were affected by the atypical pneumonia which resulted in 774 deaths globally. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a febrile respiratory illness
primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets or close personal contact. There are several laboratory tests used to detect SARS-CoV and other causes of respiratory illness. Many methods used in the treatment of viral infections have been only partially effective. For example, the standard treatment in HCV (with ribavirin and interferon-alpha) is effective in 50% of cases.
Similar to A Brief Review on Covid 19 by Treatment of Ayurveda (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31574 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 1409
shows that SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2 with above 10 folds
higher affinity than SARS-CoV, but higher than thethreshold
required for virus infection [9]. The detailed mechanism
about whether the SARS-CoV-2 would infect humans via
binding of S-protein to ACE2, how strong the interaction is
for risk of human transmission, and how SARS-CoV-2causes
pathological mechanisms of organs damage remains
unknown, which need more studies to elaborate. These
results further explains the more rapid transmission
capability of the SARS-CoV-2 in humans than SARS-CoV, and
the number of confirmedCOVID-19muchhigherthanpeople
with SARS-CoV infection. Considering the higher affinity of
SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2, soluble ACE2 might be a potential
candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
Fig. 1: Structure of COVID-19
2. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
Basic Reproduction Number (R0) refers to the average
amount of secondary infection that and his colleagues
attuned R0 to be 2.0-3.3 using the IDEA model [12]. The R0
value of other viruses of patients can produce in entirely
vulnerable population without intervention [10]. The
estimation of R0 differs between different research teams
and is updated as more information is exposed. Wu, JT,
Leung et al. of York University assessed the R0 of novel
coronavirus to be 2.47-2.86[11] using the SEIR model.
Majumder of Boston Children’s Hospital β - coronavirus, for
example SARS-CoV, is estimated to be 2.2-3.6[13]. The R0
value of MERS-CoV is estimated to be 2.0-6.7[14]. These
designate that SARS-CoV-2 has relatively high
transmissibility. Population is mostly liable to SARS-CoV-2,
the median age was 47.0 years (IQR, 35.0 to 58.0), 87% case
patients were 30 to 79 years of age, and 3% were age 80
years or older, and the number of female patients was
41.9%. [15, 16] . Most cases were diagnosed in Hubei
Province, China (75%). 81% cases were classified as mild,
14% cases be located severe, and 5% were critical. The
overall case-fatality rate (CFR) was 2.3%, but cases in those
aged 70 to 79 years had an 8.0% CFR and cases in thoseaged
80 years and older had a 14.8% CFR [16]. This suggests that
elderly male citizens are more susceptible to this
coronavirus as compared with other groups,andthisvirus is
more expected to affect elderly male peoples with chronic
underlying diseases (heart disease, diabetes, hypertension
etc.)[17]. In summary, COVID-19 is high in frequency and
population is generally susceptibletosuchvirus,andCOVID-
19 hastily spread from a single Wuhan city to the entire
country in just 30 days. Consequently that rapid measures
should be taken to control the spread of the disease.
3. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that there are
three conditions for inclusive spread of virus, that is the
source of infection, route of transmission, and susceptibility
[18]. There’s is no exception for SARS-CoV-2.
3.1. From the perspective of infectious sources
Bats are measured to be the natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2,
whereas pangolins and snakes are supposed to be the
intermediate hosts. Studies of Institute Pasteur of Shanghai
displayed that bats might be the natural hosts of SARS-CoV-
2. Moreover, studies of Peking University [19] propose that
SARS-CoV-2 infection is maybe caused by snakes. However,
later studies [20] found that no evidence exposed that
snakes are the hosts of SARS-CoV-2. Study from wuhan
institute of virology presented that the similarity of gene
sequence between SARS-CoV-2 and bat coronavirus is as
high as 96.2% by sequencing technology [21] This also
indirect that bats are the possiblebasisofSARS-CoV-2.Apart
from those, Xu. etal. [22] exposed that thesimilarityofSARS-
CoV-2 isolated since pangolin and the virusstrainspresently
infecting humans is as high as 99% using macrogenomic
sequencing, molecular biological detection and electron
microscopic analysis. The team similarly observed the
distinctive novel coronavirus granules and revealed that
pangolin is the potential intermediate host of the SARS-CoV-
2. While the results of present research have not yet fully
explained the potential natural host and the intermediate
host of the SARS-CoV-2, adequate evidence has showed that
this virus might be sourced from wild animals. At present, it
is considered that the core infectious source of sars-cov-2 is
COVID-19 patients in the population. Yet, there is still a
dispute about whether SARS-CoV-2 patients in the
incubation period are infectious, which needs further study.
3.2. From the perspective of route of transmission
Transmission and close contact are the maximum common
behaviors of transmission for SARS-CoV-2. Aerosol
transmission capacity also be a way of transmission. In
addition, researchers also noticed SARS-CoV-2 in the
samples of gastrointestinal tract, stool, saliva and urine.
Based on bioinformatics evidence displayed that digestive
tract might be a potential routeofSARS-CoV-2infection[23].
Constantly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in
gastrointestinal tissues as of COVID-19 patients [24].
Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the tears and
conjunctival secretionsofcovid-19patients[25].Meanwhile,
a retrospective study based nine pregnant women with
COVID-19 had for the first time designated that the
possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission between
mothers and infants in the late pregnancy was temporarily
excepted [26]. Though, available data on pregnant women
infected with SARS-CoV-2 were inadequate, and henceforth
additional studies are required to verify the potential
vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women.
3.3. From the perspective of viral latency
After the epidemiological investigation report, elderly
citizens are susceptible groups for SARS-CoV-2, the median
age of death was 75 years, and maximum of them had
comorbidities or a history of surgery previously
admission[27]. Zhong. Etal initiate that, based on clinical
features of 1,099 COVID-19 patients, the median incubation
period was 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0), the median time from
the first symptom to death was 14 days [15, 27]. For SARS,
the median latency of SARS is 4 days, the average period of
first symptoms to hospital admission was 3.8 days, and
admission to death was 17.4 days for victims [28], and the
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31574 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 1410
median expectancy of MERS is 7 days [29]. Since the median
incubation duration, COVID-19 is shorter than SARS and
MERS. Though, the extreme expectancy of SARS-CoV-2
currently noticed is as high as 24 days, which can increase
the risk of virus spread. Furthermore, it also form that
people 70 years or older had quicker median days (11.5
days) from the first symptom to death than those with ages
under 70 years (20 days), representing that elderly people
have earlier disease progression than younger people[27].
From the overhead, the public should pay more attention to
elderly people who might be additional vulnerable to the
SARS-CoV-2.
4. Precautions:(74)
Fig (2)precautions
5. Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection
COVID-19 produces an acute viral infection in humans with
median incubation period was 3.0 days [15], which is
comparable to the SRAS with an incubationdurationranging
from 2–10 days [30]. The presenting features of COVID-19
infection in adults are obvious. The presenting features in
adults are pronounced. The furthermost common clinical
symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were fever (87.9%),
cough (67.7%), fatigue (38.1%), while diarrhea (3.7%) and
vomiting (5.0%) were erratic [15, 31], which weresimilarto
others coronavirus. Most patientshadapproximatelydegree
of dyspnoea at presentation, since the time from beginning
of symptoms to the growth of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) was only 9 days amongst the initial
patients with COVID-19 infection [1]. Also, severe patients
are prone to a variability of complications, including acute
respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart injury and
secondary infection [17]. Therearealreadysomeindications
that COVID-19 may cause damage to tissues and organs
further than the lung. In a study of 214 COVID-19 patients,
78 (36.4%) patients had neurological indicators [32]. In
addition, there is already suggestion of ocular surface
infection in patients with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA
was distinguished in eye secretions of patient [33].Some
COVID-19 patients have arrhythmia, acute heart injury,
impaired renal function, and abnormal liver function
(50.7%) at admission [1, 34, 35]. An event report of the
pathological manifestations of a patient with pneumonia
displayed reasonable micro vesicular steatosis in his liver
tissue [36]. Besides, tissue samples of stomach, and rectal
mucosa, duodenum were inveteratepositiveforSARS-CoV-2
RNA [37] (Figure 2). In general, the radio graphical features
of coronavirus are comparable to those originate in
community-acquired pneumonia causedbyotherorganisms
[38]. Chest CT scan is important tool to diagnose this
pneumonia. Nevertheless, several typical imaging features
are frequently detected in COVID-19 pneumonia, together
with the major ground glass opacity (65%), consolidations
(50%), smooth or irregular interlobular septal thickening
(35%), air bronchogram (47%), and thickening of the
adjacent pleura (32%), with predominantly peripheral and
lower lobe involvement [39]. A recent study reported that
most patients (90%) had bilateral chest CT findings and the
sensitivity of chest CT to propose COVID-19 was 97% [33].
Combining chest CT imaging features with clinical symptom
and laboratory test could facilitate early diagnosisofCOVID-
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19 pneumonia. Laboratory examination discovered that
82.1% of patients were lymphopenia and 36.2% of patients
were thrombocytopenia. Most patients had normal
leukocytes, but then leukopenia was observed in 33.7% of
patients. In addition, most patients demonstrated raised
levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH)and creatinine kinase(CK), but minority ofpatients
had elevated transaminase, abnormal myocardial enzyme
spectrum, or elevated serum creatinine [1,15].Ascompared
with bacterial pneumonia,patients withSARS-CoV-2showed
lower oxygenation index. Cytokine release syndrome is a
vital factor that aggravates disease progression. A higher
levels of IL-6 and IL-10, and lower levels of CD4+T and
CD8+T are detected in COVID-19 patients similar with the
cruelty of the disease [40].
6. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2
The finding of viral nucleic acid is the standard for
noninvasive diagnosis of COVID-19. Though, the present
detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was high in specificity
and low in sensitivity, therefore there might be false
negatives and the testing time might be relatively long. The
Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment
Plan (5th trial version) seized “suspected cases with
pneumonia imagery features” as per the clinical diagnostic
measures in Hubei Province [41]. Then the sixth edition of
diagnostic criteria abolishes the distinction among Hubei
and other provinces outside Hubei [42]. One reason valor is
to distinguish the flu as of the COVID-19. Also, Zhang F of
MIT developed a test paper for hasty detection ofSARS-CoV-
2 in one hour by SHERLOCK technology. Even though the
clinical verification has not remained carried out so far, this
technology, when proved, might be conducive to rapid
diagnosis of the disease [43]. A research group of Peking
University appealed to have developed a novel technique for
hasty creation of transcriptome sequencing library of
SHERRY, which is kind for rapid sequencing of SARS-CoV-
2[44].
7. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2
7.1. Antiviral western medicine treatment
On present, the treatments of patients by SARS-CoV-2
infection are mostly symptomatic treatments. Remdesivir
was lately stated as an auspicious antiviral drug against a
wide display of RNA viruses. Holshue etal. For the first time
stated that treatment of a patient with COVID-19 used
remdesivir and attained good results [45]. Formerly, Xiao et
al. findings make known that remdesivir effectively in the
control of 2019-nCoV infection in vitro. For the meantime,
similarly found that chloroquinehasanimmune-modulating
activity and might effectively inhibitinthisvirusinvitro[46]
. Clinical controlled trials have revealed that Chloroquine
was proved to be effective in the treatment of patients with
COVID-19 [47]. Remdesivir is enduring a large number of
clinical trials in several hospitals, and the final efficacyofthe
drug is uncertain. Arbidol, a small indole derivative
molecule, was initiate to block viral fusion against influenza
A and B viruses and hepatitis C viruses[48] and established
to have antiviral effect on SARS-CoV in cell experiment[49],
thus that it valor be a choice for COVID-19 treatment. The
randomized controlled study on treatment of novel
coronavirus by Arbidol and Kaletra assumed at present
showed that Arbidol had well therapeuticeffectthanKaletra
did and can significantly diminish the incidence of severe
cases. Apart from the overhead, lopinavir/ritonavir,
nucleoside analogues, neuraminidaseinhibitors,remdesivir,
and peptide EK1 might also be the choices of antiviral drugs
for COVID-19 treatment [50].
7.2. Chinese medicine treatment
Chinese medicine also played a significant role in the
treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Medical institutions and
local governmentspublished a numberoftraditional Chinese
medicine prescriptions. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (6th trial version)
recommended to use clearing lung and cleansing decoction
in the clinical treatment [42]. A combined study completed
by Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica andWuhanInstitute
of Virology. CAS found that Shuanghuanglian oral liquid can
inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Earlier studies have showed that bacilli,
chlorogenic acid and forsythin in Shuanghuanglian oral
liquid have certain inhibitory effectsona variationofviruses
and bacteria [51, 52]. The mechanism capacity be that these
components played a therapeutic role by effectually
reducing the inflammatory response of the body instigated
by viruses and bacteria [53]. Lianhuaqingwen capsule has
remained confirmed to have a wide-spectrum effect on a
series of influenza viruses, including H7N9, and canregulate
the immune response of the virus, reducing the level of
inflammatory factors in the initial stage of infection[54].
7.3. Immunoenhancement therapy
Synthetic recombinant interferon α has verified to be actual
in treatment of SARS patients in clinic trials [55]. Pulmonary
X-ray abnormal diminution time was reduced by 50% in the
interferon-treated group related with the glucocorticoid-
treated group alone. Interferon was similarly found to be an
effective inhibitor of MERS-CoV replication [56]. Those
findings suggested that interferon might be used in the
treatment of COVID-19. Intravenous immunoglobulincanbe
the safest immunomodulator for long-term use in entirely
ages, and may well help to inhibit the production of
proinflammatory cytokines and increase the production of
anti-inflammatory mediators[57]. Furthermore, Thymosin
alpha-1 (Ta1) can be an immune booster for SARS patients,
effectively monitoring the spread of disease [58].
Intravenous immunoglobulin and Ta1 might also be
measured as therapeutics for COVID-19.
7.4. Convalescent plasma therapy
When there are no enough vaccines and specific drugs,
convalescent plasma therapy canbeaneffectivetechnique to
ease the course of disease for sternly infected patients[59].
In a retrospective analysis, convalescing plasma therapy is
more effective than severe doses of hormonal shock in
patients with severe SARS, reducing mortality and
shortening hospital stays [60]. A prospective unit study by
Hung and colleagues exhibited that for patients with
pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in 2009, the
relative risk of death was knowingly lower in patients
treated with convalescent plasma[61]. Besides, from the
perspective of immunology, maximum of the patients
recovered from COVID-19wouldproducespecificantibodies
against the SARS-CoV-2, and their serum might be used to
prevent reinfection. At the same time, antibodies can limit
the virus reproduction in the acute phase of infection and
support clear the virus, which is conducive to the rapid
recovery of the disease[62]. Theoretically, viremia peaks
during the first week of maximum viral infections, and it
must be further effective to give recoveryplasma earlyinthe
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disease[63]. Hence, the plasma of some patients recovered
from COVID-19 might be composed to prepare plasma
globulin specific to SARS-CoV-2.Though,thesafetyofplasma
globulin products specific to SARS-CoV-2 deserves more
consideration.
7.5. Auxiliary blood purification treatment
At present, extracorporeal blood purification technology in
the treatment of unadorned NCP patients[42]. According to
the newest studies[34], ACE2, the significant receptor of
SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in human kidney (nearly
100 times higher than that in lung). Kidney might be key
target of attack for novel coronavirus. Initial continuous
blood purification treatment possibly will reduce renal
workload and aid to indorse the recovery of renal function
[64]. Maximum of the severe patients with new coronavirus
might suffer from cytokine storm. The unevenness of pro-
inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors might
cause immune damage. Consequently, blood purification
technology meight be used to eliminate inflammatory
factors, eliminate cytokine storm, exact electrolyte
imbalance, and keep acid-base balance, to control patient’s
capacity load in an effective means [65]. In this reason, the
patient's symptomsmightbe enhancedandthebloodoxygen
saturation could be increased. In rapid, the drug treatment
for COVID-19 mainly comprised four behaviors,i.e.,antiviral
Western medicine, Chinese medicine, immunoenhancement
therapy, and viral specific plasma globulin. Machines could
be used as auxiliary therapy. Though, randomized double-
blind great sample clinical trial must be obliged as the
standard to determine hwther the antiviral drugs could be
used in clinical practice.
7.6. Ayurvedic herbs for coronavirus treatment(75)
Fig(3)ayurvedic herbs
In recent positive development, ministry of Ayush, in
collaboration with and industrial research (CSIR) has the
council of scientificstartedclinical trialstestingformulations
of four important ayurvedic herbs in fighting the novel
corona virus. the medicines under study include
ashwagandha, Guduchi, Yasthimadhu, Peepli and another
formulated drug,’ayush64’.
Ashwagandha
It was observed that one of the compounds present in
ashwagandha,called, Withanone(Wi-N) and anothernatural
medicine,New ZealandPropolisarequiteeffectiveanduseful
blocking and weakning the structure of mpro.hence used in
the production of covid fighting vaccine,in the right quantity
and dosage.it can be helpful indealing and stopping the
spread of coronavirus.
Fig (4)Ashwagandha
Considered as a modern superfood,This ayurvedic herb is
said to contain magical powers of healing the body of
infections and symptoms of cold,cough and viral bugs.while
ashwagandha should be comsumed regularly to charge the
body’s immunity.an immunity power is very essential to
avoid corona virus.
Guduchi:
Fig (5)Guduchi
Gauche, or Giloy,also known as the ayuervedic root for
immortality has wondoroushealingpowers.Itpossesesanti-
inflammatory, anti-cancer, antipyretic, antioxidant and
immunomodulatory properties. With the high antioxidant
preent in the compound,the drug boost your immunity and
fight free radicals.
Yashtimadhu:
Fig(6)Yashtimadhu
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The sweet herb, also known as mullet or liquor ice has been
hailed for its therapeutic benefits, especially for those who
are recovering from a cough, cold or flue.it has high anti-
inflammatory notes andhelpsdealswithproblemsrelatedto
sore throat, cough or any irritation.
Peepli:
Fig(7)Peepli
Peepli is a traditional medicinal herbs which is also known
for its strong aromatic notes. A lot of non-traditional studies
have also shown that regular usage of this root may be
helpful in curbing down the symptoms usually associated
with a persistent respiratory infection, bronchitis, cold,
cough, asthama, improve blood circulation, strengthen
immunity.
Ayush
Fig (8)Ayush
Ayush 64 is another drug under testing for COVID-19 which
has been exclusively developed by the Central Ministry by
procuring age-old ayurvedic herbs.It has been said that this
medicine works as a malaria fighting drug.It is surprising to
know that one of the allopathic drug Hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) has also been administered many patients and high
risk frontline workers to fight COVID.(75)
8. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2
So far, there are no exact antiviral treatments or vaccinesfor
SARS-CoV-2. And the clinical treatment of COVID-19 has
been limited to provision and comforting care till here and
now. Thus, it is crucial to develop a safe andstableCOVID-19
vaccine. Dr. Tedros, director-general of WHO,saidthatnovel
coronavirus vaccine was anticipated to be complete in 18
months. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus. RNA virus
correlated vaccines, including measles, polio, encephalitis B
virus and influenza virus, could be the maximum promising
alternatives. And interpersonal transmission of the virus
could be disallowed by immunizing health care workersand
non-infected population [66]. Prevention of infectious
diseases by traditional Chinesemedicinehasremained noted
for a long time in Chinese history, and there have been prior
studies on the prevention of SARS by traditional Chinese
medicine [67]. The present principles on prevention of
COVID-19 are to tonify body energy to protect outside body,
dispel wind, dispel heat, and dissipate dampness with
aromatic agent. The six most generally used Chinese herbal
medicines are liquorice, astragalus, baizhu, fangfeng and
honeysuckle. Though, the decoction is not appropriate for
long-term use, and the best period is one week only [68].
Studies have shown that vitamin C may avoid the
susceptibility of lower respiratory tract infection beneath
certain conditions [69], whereas COVID-19 might cause
lower respiratory tract infection. Hence, a moderateamount
of vitamin C supplementation could be a means to prevent
COVID-19. In addition, the decreaseinvitaminDandvitamin
E levels in cattle could lead to the infection of bovine
coronavirus[70]. This recommends that suitable
supplementation of vitamin D and vitamin E may augment
our resistance to SARS-CoV-2. Patients with primary basic
diseases, specificallythosewithchronicdiseasesfor example
diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and tumor,
are further susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and their risk of poor
prognosis will increase knowingly after infection, for the
reason that they have low systemic immunity as a result of
the disease itself and treatments[71]. Thus, it is particularly
important to increase self-resistance. The key way to boost
personal immunity is to keep personal hygiene, a healthy
lifestyle and adequate nutritional intake [72, 73]. For
individuals, taking protective measurescaneffectivelyavoid
SARS-CoV-2infection,includingimprovingpersonalhygiene,
wearing medical masks, suitable rest and good ventilation
[15].
Conclusion:
In conclusion, COVID-19 is a serious infectious disease
caused by the novel coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2.Itsmaininitial
symptoms, fever, cough and fatigue, are similar to that of
SARS. The most likely source of SARS-CoV-2 is bats. This
virus is highly infectious and can be transmitted through
droplets and close contact. Some patients are life-
threatening and such disease has posed a great threat to
global health and safety, so to control the spread of the
epidemic and reduce the mortality as soon as possible is our
burning issue. But by far, the specific mechanismofthevirus
remains unknown, and no specific drugs for the virus have
been developed. At present, it is important to control the
source of infection, cut off the transmission route, and use
the existing drugs and means to control the progress of the
disease proactively. We must also strive to develop specific
drugs, promote the research and development of vaccines,
and reduce morbidity and mortality of the disease, so as to
better protect the safety of people's lives.
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