Population with pacemaker implants varies by age, sex or race and it is used when heart beats too slowly or when there is irregularity in the beating or there is blockage. Artificial cardiac pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles in order to regulate the beating of the heart. This paper presents an integrated fail safe pacemaker which will produces the artificial pulse whenever the missed pulse in being produced by the heart. Unit will function as an advanced dual chamber pacemaker type that can pace both atrium and ventricle and hence functions like a normal heart. The device will monitor the electrical activities of the heart through the cardiac signal ECG of the patient. Device status and vital parameters can be monitored using Bluetooth wireless communication and displayed on an Android Platform.

1. Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 1.711
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering
and Research
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e-ISSN: 2349-9745
p-ISSN: 2393-8161
Android based Fail Safe Dual Chamber Cardiac Integrated
Pacemaker Device using Bluetooth Communication
Priya M Prakash1
, Vanmathi.K2
1,2
Department of EEE, Hindusthan college of Engineering and Technology
Abstract— Population with pacemaker implants varies by age, sex or race and it is used when heart
beats too slowly or when there is irregularity in the beating or there is blockage. Artificial cardiac
pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contracting the
heart muscles in order to regulate the beating of the heart. This paper presents an integrated fail safe
pacemaker which will produces the artificial pulse whenever the missed pulse in being produced by
the heart. Unit will function as an advanced dual chamber pacemaker type that can pace both atrium
and ventricle and hence functions like a normal heart. The device will monitor the electrical activities
of the heart through the cardiac signal ECG of the patient. Device status and vital parameters can be
monitored using Bluetooth wireless communication and displayed on an Android Platform.
Keywords- Pacemaker, ECG, Dual Chamber Pacemaker, Bluetooth Communication, Android
Platform
I. INTRODUCTION
Pioneering work done by many scientist which helped in the development of advanced pacemakers
which benefited patients with extended and enhanced life. Fully implantable pacemaker was
developed in the mid twentieth century and it is a medical device composed of a miniaturized
electronic circuit and a compact battery. A lead is a very thin, electrically insulated wire that is
anchored either into the right atrium or the right ventricle of the heart. The lead transmits the
electrical signal to the heart, detects cardiac activity and pass this information to the pacemaker.
Electrical signal travels across the heart and causes the heart to contract and pump blood. . Heart is
divided into four Chambers: upper two left and right Atria’s and lower two left and right Ventricles.
Atria are smaller and are the receiving chambers and ventricles are larger and act as the pumping
chambers. Each atrium pumps blood to a corresponding ventricle. The right atrium pumps blood to
the right ventricle to provide blood to the lungs. The left ventricle, sourced by the left atrium, is the
chamber that pumps blood throughout the body. Natural pacemaker of the heart is called the Sino
atrial node (S-A node). It is located in the right atrium wall inferior to superior vena cava. The heart
also contains specialized fibers that conduct the electrical impulse from the pacemaker (S-A node) to
the rest of the heart and S-A node is responsible for setting the pace of the heart. Electrical impulses
leaving the S-A node travels to the left and right atria and cause then to contract and then it travels to
the A-V Node. A-V node is the bridge between the atria and ventricles [7]. Electrical signals pass
from the atria down to the ventricles through the A-V node and Circulatory system. Electrical
impulse goes to the Bundle of his and branches out into left and right Bundle Branches and spreads
rapidly using purkinje Fibers to the muscles of left and right Ventricles causing them to contract at
the same time. Heart’s electrical activity can be measured by placing an electrode on the skin and
electrocardiogram (ECG) can measure the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat, as well as provide
indirect measure of blood flow to the heart muscle [2].

2. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 258
II. DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER SYSTEM
Pacemakers are playing an increasing role in preventing congestive heart failures, Bradycardia,
syncope and heterotrophic cardiomyopathy. Pacemakers implanted are biocompatible and long
lasting lithium batteries are used. Pacemakers are implanted right under the chest by making an
incision or cut. Cardiac Pacing system are of two types namely, single and dual chamber pacing. In a
single-chamber system, single lead connected into one of the chambers of the heart, most commonly
connected to the right ventricle. Single-chamber pacemakers may be atrial or ventricular. Atrial
pacemakers are used where slow heart rate due only to Sino atrial disease. Dual-chamber cardiac
pacing is commonly used in children and adolescents and it is done by connecting one lead to atria
and another to ventricle and it has added advantage as it more closely resembles the normal
physiology of cardiac activation because it maintains the usual synchrony of atrial and ventricular
contraction. Dual-chamber pacing reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation, atria ventricular block, stroke,
sick sinus syndrome and death compared with ventricular pacing and it improves the quality of life.
Dual-chamber pacing improves effort tolerance compared to other methods of pacing.
Our focus is on Dual Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker device which will monitor the electrical activities
of the heart through the cardiac signal ECG of the patient. In the artificial integrated pacemaker unit,
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) is used for analog to digital signal conversion and the whole unit
is powered by a battery source which will provide necessary life to the working of the system .The
processor used is LPC2148 ARM Processor and this RISC based computer design approach is
preferred here because of its ability to perform high speed wireless communication as in the case of
Bluetooth. Host controller interface for Bluetooth communication is UART (Universal
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) and port 0 is used to transmit and receive data. The output is a
pulse with fixed amplitude and duration. The device generates the atrium pulse first and it is
followed by the ventricle pulse. LPC 2148 support two types of PWM (pulse width modulation)
namely, single edge and double edge modulation and PWM is used to get analog result with digital
means. Interfacing of PWM with ARM processor is simple and it generate a pulse pattern at a
particular frequency and ADC Signal is used to vary the duty cycle of PWM signal. EEPROM
(Electrically erasable programmable read only memory) chip is used to store the patient specific
information and it is inbuilt inside the processor unit .It is a user modifiable nonvolatile memory that
can be erased and reprogrammed repeatedly .EEPROM chip is interfaced with LPC2148 using I2C
(Inter integrated Circuit) and this is a serial bus that provide a communication link between
integrated circuits. I2C is a master slave protocol which has clock pulse and data.I2C Controller act
the master device and controls the EEPROM Chip which act as the slave device.

3. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 259
LPC2148
Figure 1. Integrated Artificial Pacemaker Unit
Failure safe rate responsive cardiac pacemaker device could be monitored and configured by a doctor
using a secured wireless communication and Bluetooth is used for monitoring and displayed on
Android mobile. Bluetooth is used because it is low power, low cost, short ranged radio link for
communication between mobile devices .Because of its low power consumption, its range is limited
to 10 m. Range can be increased to 100 m by employing a scatter net topology or a higher powered
antenna [1]. Android platform is the most widely used operating system on smart phones and hand
held tablet devices and it helps in enhancing the mobility of doctor and it provide support for the
Bluetooth network stack, which allows a device to wirelessly exchange data with other Bluetooth
devices. The application framework provides access to the Bluetooth functionality through the
Android Bluetooth APIs. Android mobile has features such as integrated SMS (texting) functions,
options for saving the data on the device or data streaming function These features will help
clinicians to monitor patients efficiently and therefore improve the quality of service.
BATTERY
PWM
I2C
POWER
SUPPLY ADC UART
I2C
ADC
PIEZO
ELECTRIC
TRANSDUCER
DIFFERENTIAL
AMPLIFIER
PULSE LEAD
(ATRIUM)
PULSE LEAD
(VENTRICLE)
BLUE
TOOTH
EEPROM

4. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 260
Figure 2.monitoring unit
III. SYNTHESIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Synthesis is done using Proteus ISIS (Intelligent Schematic Input System) software with Keil
µVision. Proteus software is easy to install and virus free and easy to use in laptops. Proteus PCB
design combines the ISIS schematic capture and ARES PCB layout programs to provide a powerful,
integrated and easy to use suite of tools for professional PCB Design. All Proteus PCB design
products include an integrated shape based auto router and a basic SPICE simulation capability as
standard. More advanced routing modes are included in Proteus PCB Design Level 2 and higher. The
Keil C Compiler provides more features and allows in writing ARM application in C and have the
efficiency and speed of assembly language. Language extension in the compiler gives you full access
to all resources of ARM. The complier translator translates C source file into reliable object module
which contain full symbolic information for debugging with µVision debugger. The µVision IDE
and Debugger are the central part of the keil development tool chain.
Simulation output of the proposed system is the indication of the heart beat sensor in safely working
human heart .In a normal working human heart, heart rate at rest is around 72 beats per minute
(bpm). It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.
Heart rate is simply measured by placing the thumb over the subject’s arterial pulsation, and feeling,
timing and counting the pulses usually in a 30 second period. Heart beat sensor is designed to give
digital output of heart beat when a finger is placed inside it. The digital output is connected to micro
controller unit directly to measure the Beats per Minute (BPM) rate. when heart pumps a pulse of
blood through blood vessels, finger becomes slightly more opaque so less light reached at the
detector. With each heart pulse detector signal varies this variation is converted to electrical pulse. It
consists of LED (light emitting diode) and LDR (light detection resistor) which are placed parallel to
each other. During the operation of the switch which act as the sensor, switch is closed first for 30
sec and blood volume is measured which is the indication of measurement of heart beat of the
person.
BLUETOOTH LCD DISPLAY
ANDROID MOBILE

5. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 261
XTAL1
62
XTAL2
61
P0.0/TxD0/PWM1
19
P0.1/RxD0/PWM3/EINT0
21
P0.2/SCL0/CAP0.0
22
P0.3/SDA0/MAT0..0/EINT1
26
P0.4/SCK0/CAP0.1/AD0.6
27
P0.5/MISO0/MAT0.1/AD0.7
29
P0.6/MOSI0/CAP0.2/AD1.0
30
P0.7/SSEL0/PWM2/EINT2
31
P0.8/TxD1/PWM4/AD1.1
33
P0.9/RxD1/PWM6/EINT3
34
P0.10/RTS1/CAP1.0/AD1.2
35
P0.11/CTS1/CAP1.1/SCL1
37
P0.12/DSR1/MAT1.0/AD1.3
38
P0.13/DTR1/MAT1.1/AD1.4
39
P0.14/DCD1/EINT1/SDA1
41
P0.15/RI1/EINT2/AD1.5
45
P0.16/EINT0/MAT0.2/CAP0.2
46
P0.17/CAP1.2/SCK1/MAT1.2
47
P0.18/CAP1.3/MISO1/MAT1.3
53
P0.19/MAT1.2/MOSI1/CAP1.2
54
P0.20/MAT1.3/SSEL1/EINT3
55
P0.21/PWM5/AD1.6/CAP1.3
1
P0.22/AD1.7/CAP0.0/MAT0.0
2
P0.23
58
P0.25/AD0.4/AOUT
9
P0.27/AD0.0/CAP0.1/MAT0.1
11
P0.28/AD0.1/CAP0.2/MAT0.2
13
P0.29/AD0.2/CAP0.3/MAT0.3
14
P0.30/AD0.3/EINT3/CAP0.0
15
V3
23
RST
57
VREF
63
VSS
6
VSSA
59
P1.16/TRACEPKT0
16
P1.17/TRACEPKT1
12
P1.18/TRACEPKT2
8
P1.19/TRACEPKT3
4
P1.20/TRACESYNC
48
P1.21/PIPESTAT0
44
P1.22/PIPESTAT1
40
P1.23/PIPESTAT2
36
P1.24/TRACECLK
32
P1.25/EXTIN0
28
P1.26/RTCK
24
P1.27/TDO
64
P1.28/TDI
60
P1.29/TCK
56
P1.30/TMS
52
P1.31/TRST
20
V3
43
V3
51
VSS
18
VSS
25
VSS
42
VSS
50
RTXC1
3
RTXC2
5
V3A
7
VBAT
49
P0.31
17
P0.26/AD0.5
10
U1
LPC2138
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1
LM016L
+3.3V
+3.3V
81%
RV1
1k
D1
LED-GREEN
D2
LED-GREEN
Figure 3. Simulation output of pacemaker system
ICLM358 as the Heart Beat Sensor and heart beat sensor unit consists of an infrared transmitter LED
and an infrared sensor photo-diode. The transmitter-sensor pair is clipped on one of the fingers of the
subject. The LED emits infrared light to the finger of the subject. The photo-transistor detects this
light beam and measures the change of blood volume through the finger artery. This signal, which is
in the form of pulses is then amplified and filtered suitably and is fed to the processor unit for
analysis and display. The processor unit counts the number of pulses over a fixed time interval and
thus obtains the heart rate of the subject.
ARM LPC2148 is used to sense the heart beat and the red high intensity light emitted by LED
initially falls on LDR. When the finger is placed in between LED and LDR so that there exists some
systolic pressure. LED emits IR rays which are travelled through finger and blood flows with
arteriole pressure. Whenever systolic pressure is applied, normal pressure of blood flow is disturbed
at fingertip which is high and IR rays penetrate through blood and are received by LDR. The signals
are analog which are converted into digital by ADC (Analog-Digital Converter) and the sensor unit
works under low power DC input of 5V which is controlled by a mini transformer. The intensity of
light penetration decreases if the blood is pumped into the finger .If the blood is not pumped then the
light intensity is high .This high and low light intensity helps to measure heartbeat of the person.

6. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 262
XTAL1
62
XTAL2
61
P0.0/TxD0/PWM1
19
P0.1/RxD0/PWM3/EINT0
21
P0.2/SCL0/CAP0.0
22
P0.3/SDA0/MAT0..0/EINT1
26
P0.4/SCK0/CAP0.1/AD0.6
27
P0.5/MISO0/MAT0.1/AD0.7
29
P0.6/MOSI0/CAP0.2/AD1.0
30
P0.7/SSEL0/PWM2/EINT2
31
P0.8/TxD1/PWM4/AD1.1
33
P0.9/RxD1/PWM6/EINT3
34
P0.10/RTS1/CAP1.0/AD1.2
35
P0.11/CTS1/CAP1.1/SCL1
37
P0.12/DSR1/MAT1.0/AD1.3
38
P0.13/DTR1/MAT1.1/AD1.4
39
P0.14/DCD1/EINT1/SDA1
41
P0.15/RI1/EINT2/AD1.5
45
P0.16/EINT0/MAT0.2/CAP0.2
46
P0.17/CAP1.2/SCK1/MAT1.2
47
P0.18/CAP1.3/MISO1/MAT1.3
53
P0.19/MAT1.2/MOSI1/CAP1.2
54
P0.20/MAT1.3/SSEL1/EINT3
55
P0.21/PWM5/AD1.6/CAP1.3
1
P0.22/AD1.7/CAP0.0/MAT0.0
2
P0.23
58
P0.25/AD0.4/AOUT
9
P0.27/AD0.0/CAP0.1/MAT0.1
11
P0.28/AD0.1/CAP0.2/MAT0.2
13
P0.29/AD0.2/CAP0.3/MAT0.3
14
P0.30/AD0.3/EINT3/CAP0.0
15
V3
23
RST
57
VREF
63
VSS
6
VSSA
59
P1.16/TRACEPKT0
16
P1.17/TRACEPKT1
12
P1.18/TRACEPKT2
8
P1.19/TRACEPKT3
4
P1.20/TRACESYNC
48
P1.21/PIPESTAT0
44
P1.22/PIPESTAT1
40
P1.23/PIPESTAT2
36
P1.24/TRACECLK
32
P1.25/EXTIN0
28
P1.26/RTCK
24
P1.27/TDO
64
P1.28/TDI
60
P1.29/TCK
56
P1.30/TMS
52
P1.31/TRST
20
V3
43
V3
51
VSS
18
VSS
25
VSS
42
VSS
50
RTXC1
3
RTXC2
5
V3A
7
VBAT
49
P0.31
17
P0.26/AD0.5
10
U1
LPC2138
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1
LM016L
+3.3V
+3.3V
81%
RV1
1k
D1
LED-GREEN
D2
LED-GREEN
Figure 4. Simulation output of pacemaker system for Normal working Condition
Simulation output of pacemaker system of a normally functioning human heart which pace both atria
and ventricle and Body temperature parameter is also indicated.
XTAL1
62
XTAL2
61
P0.0/TxD0/PWM1
19
P0.1/RxD0/PWM3/EINT0
21
P0.2/SCL0/CAP0.0
22
P0.3/SDA0/MAT0..0/EINT1
26
P0.4/SCK0/CAP0.1/AD0.6
27
P0.5/MISO0/MAT0.1/AD0.7
29
P0.6/MOSI0/CAP0.2/AD1.0
30
P0.7/SSEL0/PWM2/EINT2
31
P0.8/TxD1/PWM4/AD1.1
33
P0.9/RxD1/PWM6/EINT3
34
P0.10/RTS1/CAP1.0/AD1.2
35
P0.11/CTS1/CAP1.1/SCL1
37
P0.12/DSR1/MAT1.0/AD1.3
38
P0.13/DTR1/MAT1.1/AD1.4
39
P0.14/DCD1/EINT1/SDA1
41
P0.15/RI1/EINT2/AD1.5
45
P0.16/EINT0/MAT0.2/CAP0.2
46
P0.17/CAP1.2/SCK1/MAT1.2
47
P0.18/CAP1.3/MISO1/MAT1.3
53
P0.19/MAT1.2/MOSI1/CAP1.2
54
P0.20/MAT1.3/SSEL1/EINT3
55
P0.21/PWM5/AD1.6/CAP1.3
1
P0.22/AD1.7/CAP0.0/MAT0.0
2
P0.23
58
P0.25/AD0.4/AOUT
9
P0.27/AD0.0/CAP0.1/MAT0.1
11
P0.28/AD0.1/CAP0.2/MAT0.2
13
P0.29/AD0.2/CAP0.3/MAT0.3
14
P0.30/AD0.3/EINT3/CAP0.0
15
V3
23
RST
57
VREF
63
VSS
6
VSSA
59
P1.16/TRACEPKT0
16
P1.17/TRACEPKT1
12
P1.18/TRACEPKT2
8
P1.19/TRACEPKT3
4
P1.20/TRACESYNC
48
P1.21/PIPESTAT0
44
P1.22/PIPESTAT1
40
P1.23/PIPESTAT2
36
P1.24/TRACECLK
32
P1.25/EXTIN0
28
P1.26/RTCK
24
P1.27/TDO
64
P1.28/TDI
60
P1.29/TCK
56
P1.30/TMS
52
P1.31/TRST
20
V3
43
V3
51
VSS
18
VSS
25
VSS
42
VSS
50
RTXC1
3
RTXC2
5
V3A
7
VBAT
49
P0.31
17
P0.26/AD0.5
10
U1
LPC2138
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1
LM016L
+3.3V
+3.3V
81%
RV1
1k
D1
LED-GREEN
D2
LED-GREEN
Figure 5. Simulation Output of pacemaker system for abnormal condition
During the operation of switch, if the switch is not closed for the ample needed time, it results in
abnormality in pulse reading. In order for the heart beat sensor to read the pulse of a person, it
requires the person to place it for a minimum of 30 seconds to detect the blood flow

7. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 263
IV. CONCLUSION
In this work, the design of a fail-safe dual chamber rate responsive cardiac pacemaker is
implemented that can be configured and monitored by the doctor by secured wirelesscommunication
method. The unit will monitor the electrical activities of heart and it will maintain an adequate heart
rate, if the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or there is a block in the heart’s electrical
conduction system. The simulation of pacemaker system is done under normal working condition of
human heart and under abnormal condition and body temperature parameter is also noticed. The
implementation detailed are synthesized using the Proteus ISIS with keil µVision. Heart beat sensor
is used to measure the heart rate and it is designed to give digital output of heart beat when a finger is
placed inside it. This digital output can be connected to ARM processor directly to measure the Beats
per Minute (BPM) rate.
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