These is hardware based project. Here we try to make an portable ECG device using Arduino and ECG sensor.

1. Pulse Plus: Engineered Heart Monitoring
Device using ARDUINO
SUBMITTED By:
Palash Sukla Das
Tuhin Shubhra Battacharya
Satyajit Chanda
Digbijoy Roy
Project Work II

2. Contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Advantages
 Methodology
 Feasibility Study
 Existing System
 Requirements
 System Architecture
 Block Diagram
 System Design
 Result & Discussion
 Conclusion & Future Work
 Reference

3. 1
Abstract
At the present time, people suffering from heart diseases are increasing at an alarming rate. The ECG
is one of the medical kits that can measure the heartbeat per unit time, convert it into a signal and display the
data on a display device. An ECG is a recording of the electrical activity on the body surface generated by the
heart muscles. ECG information is collected by electrodes placed at selected locations on the patient's body.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the frequently used and accurate methods for monitoring the
electrical activity of the heart. ECG is an high-priced equipment and its use for the measurement of the heart rate
only below an economic level. Low-cost devices are available in the form of wrist watches for the instantaneous
measurement of the heart rate. Such devices can give accurate data but they are expensive. Most hospitals and
diagnostic centres in India use incorporated devices designed to measure the heart rate, temperature, and blood
pressure of the patient. Although such devices are valuable, their cost is usually uneconomical.

4. 2
Introduction
In this devastating situation of COVID pandemic, so many people are going through critical situation of
heart attack and several diseases. It is hard for the common people to get the proper diagnose easily. So, this
project 'PULSE PLUS: ENGINEERED HEART MONITORING DEVICE' is an approach to provide basic
healthcare facility to the common people.
In this project, we will be exploring AD8232 ECG sensor working and will connect it with Arduino to run
some analysis on the resulting waveform for medical diagnosis. We will also see the various medical conditions
that can be identified by analyzing an ECG.

5. Advantages
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1. Cost Effective.
2. Portable.
3. Plug n Play with any computer device.
4. Easy for bulk production.
5. Very less power consumption

6. Methodology
In this system we use Arduino which is micro-controller board. We use ECG sensor which have electrodes to
sense heart rate from body. To extract the ECG signal we used an ECG sensor AD8232 and an Arduino UNO for
interfacing with the LabVIEW. The Arduino is used to take values from body with the help of ECG sensor
AD8232.
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7. A feasibility study of an ECG monitoring system using Arduino would assess its technical feasibility, cost-
effectiveness, user acceptance, regulatory compliance, and integration potential. It would also assess the cost of
the hardware and software components required to develop the system, as well as the ongoing maintenance and
support costs. The results of the study would determine whether such a system is feasible and should be pursued
further.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
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8. There are numerous existing projects and research studies that have focused on developing heart
monitoring systems using ECG and Arduino. Some of examples are given:
EXISTING SYSTEM
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9. 7

10. Paper 1: Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Based on ECG Signals.
Author: - Nuzhat Ahmed, Yong Zhu
Year Of Publication: 13th Feb 2020
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and is a major healthcare
challenge. This research work focused on the development of a heart monitoring system which could be considered
as a feasible solution in early detection of potential AF in real time. The objective was to bridge the gap in the
market for a low-cost, at home use, noninvasive heart health monitoring system specifically designed to periodically
monitor heart health in subjects with AF disorder concerns. The prototype for this research consisted of a Bitalino
ECG sensor and electrodes, an Arduino microcontroller, and a simple circuit. The data was acquired and analyzed
using the Arduino software in real time, and reasonable threshold values were found, which yielded a reasonable
success rate of AF detection.
Requirements: Arduino UNO, Bitalino Bio-Sensors, Electrodes.
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11. Paper 2: Real Time ECG Monitoring System Using Arduino And Lab-View.
Author: - KartikKaul, KartikKaul, Aman Sharma, Prof.(Dr.) Janakkumar B.Patel, Manoj Pandey
Year Of Publication: May 2018
Requirements: Arduino UNO (ATmega328), ECG Sensor (AD8232) Module Kit
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Abstract: Remote health monitoring system is an emerging topic which is being studied by many leading scientists.
The paper focus on designing an Electrocardiogram using LabVIEW We have designed ECG machine using
LabVIEW which can be used to monitor heart of the person and transmit data on cloud server using LabVIEW Web
Publishing Tools so that any person or doctor can access data even when doctor is in a remote location. A three lead
monitoring system has been developed using Arduino UNO and an ECG sensor AD8232 which gives sustainable
result of heart monitoring. Through LabVIEW we can also store the data measured by ECG machine on cloud.

12. Paper 3: Wireless ECG Device with Arduino.
Author: - Halil Güvenç
Year Of Publication: 1st NOV 2020
Requirements: Electrocardiography, Arduino Mega2560, AD8232
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Abstract: Electrocardiography is the process of recording heartbeat. The output is typically represented as a scaled
graphical figure called Electrocardiogram (ECG) In this study, we present an experimental device that obtains ECG
signal using AD8232 sensor board. The device operates real-time and transmits data wirelessly using nRF24L01+
RF modules located on Arduino Mega2560 I/O boards. The received ECG data was filtered and processed with
MatLab.

13. Paper 4: Arduino Based ECG & Heartbeat Monitoring Healthcare System
Author: - Sachin Verma
Year Of Publication: 2nd Sept 2016
Requirements: Arduino Uno/Mega/Nano, ECG Module (AD8232), ECG Electrodes, ECG Electrode Connector -3.5 mm
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Abstract: Internet of things is the new rebellion that is going to impact every facet of our lives. IOT is the new
technology which includes the collection of sensors, actuators processors and other development boards (e.g.
NodeMCU, Arduino etc.).the application IOT can be used in athletes, information technology etc. In this we have to
measure the electrical activity of heart (heart beat, blood pressure). This can also used to caretakers also by using your
IOT only we will send the data to the doctor. Heart is a very important parts our body. Heart pumps the blood to the
body with oxygen and nutrients. And also remove the metabolic wastage like water, co2, phosphate etc. Heart disease
the big disease world health organization (WHO) research also show that the most of the people died because of heart
disease.

14. Paper 5: Designing an Arduino-based ECG monitor using an AD8232 ECG sensor
Author: - Nikhil Agnihori
Year Of Publication: 28th Dec 2020
Requirements: Arduino UNO, AD8232 ECG Module, ECG Electrode Pads.
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Abstract: Heart disease was becoming a big disease which health killer people for many years. World Health
Organization (WHO) research also shows that the most people was dying due to heart disease. Therefore, This
disease can not be taken lightly. Hence, most health care equipment and monitoring system are designed to keep
track the disease. As we know that by analyzing or monitoring the ECG signal at initial stage these disease can be
prevented. So I am working in this project.

15. Compare Proposed System to other System
Our 'Pulse Plus: Engineered Heart Monitoring Device' based on Arduino project, which is going to Low-
budget ECG module in Market. It doesn’t need any kind of internet connection or WIFI to work. The ECG
sensor just sense the Heart-beat of a body & sends the signal to the Arduino and you can show the pulse rate of
that body. In the Arduino IDE software has its own output panel (e.g., Serial Monitor & Serial Plotter) so, don’t
need any extra software to check the output.
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16. Requirements
The proposed system uses following hardware & software components:
Hardware Required:
Arduino UNO:
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based
on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed
to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
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17. AD8232 ECG Sensor:
ADS232 is the ECG sensor module with an integrated circuit. It
is useful for measuring and monitoring the electrical activity of the
heart or heartbeat. It is made up of a high-quality chip. It can be
useful for building fitness, heart exercises for heart rate monitoring. It
can be used as a portable ECG or remote heart rate monitoring. In
addition, it is used to help diagnose various heart conditions.
This sensor is a cost-effective board. This electrical activity can
be charted as an ECG or Electrocardiogram and output as an analog
reading. However, ECGs can be extremely noisy, and the AD8232
Single Lead Heart Rate Monitor acts as an op-amp to help obtain a
clear signal from the PR and QT Intervals easily.
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18. Breadboard:
A breadboard (sometimes called a plug block) is used for
building temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it
allows components to be removed and replaced easily. It is
useful to the person who wants to build a circuit to demonstrate
its action, then to reuse the components in another circuit.
With a breadboard able to house both simple and very
complex electrical circuits, it's not only a common but popular
option for prototyping and testing out new parts.
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19. Arduino IDE Software:
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment or Arduino Software (IDE),
contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons
for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload
programs and communicate with them.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs-light on a sensor, a finger on button, or a
twitter message-and turn it into an output activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based
on wiring), and the Arduino software (IDE), based on processing.
Software Requirement 17

20. 18
System Architecture
It consists of the Electrodes which are placed on the Left Arm, Right Arm and Right leg of the patient's
body. The input is taken from the human body and then it is transmitted to ECG module (AD8232). The ECG
module processes the data and it produces the continuous analog values according to the input given by the
electrodes to the Arduino microcontroller. The Bluetooth module is connected to the Arduino microcontroller for
transmission purpose. On the other side, we have Android Application on our mobile for the reception of ECG
signal. The below diagram shows system architecture properly

21. Block Diagram 19
Where,
LA (Left ARM) is the positive input (+IN) of the
instrumentation amplifier of IC AD8232. A signal from the
electrode connected to the left arm of the human body is
received here
RA (Right ARM) is the negative input (-IN) of the
instrumentation amplifier of IC AD8232. A signal from the
electrode connected to the right arm of the human body is
received here.
RL (Right LEG) is a green color biomedical
electrode acts as an electrode input and connected to the
right leg of the human body.

22. System Design
Connecting the sensor to the Arduino according to the
diagram
⮚ Connect the GND of the sensor to the GND of the Arduino.
⮚ Connect 3.3V to the 3.3V of the Arduino.
⮚ Connect an output of the sensor to the A0 of the Arduino.
⮚ Connect LO- to PIN 11 of the Arduino.
⮚ Connect LO+ to PIN 10 of the Arduino.
⮚ Keep SDN pin disconnected.
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23. Results And Discussions
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While experimenting we have encountered some errors in the sensor as well as a few precision errors on the
code. Along with overcoming those errors here are some experimental results shown below.

24. Conclusion & FUTURE WORK
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In conclusion, heart monitoring systems using Arduino offer a cost-effective and customizable way to track
heart rate and other physiological data. With the use of sensors and data processing algorithms, the system can
detect abnormal heart rhythms and provide immediate feedback to the user or healthcare provider.
Overall, heart monitoring systems using Arduino are a promising technology that can help people better
understand their heart health and potentially prevent serious health issues.
In the future we can enhance this system by transmitting the ECG wave using doctor for analytical purpose.
We can add different valuable sensors such as heat sensors for different usage. The last thing would be to optimize
the codes and make an UI efficient and easy enough for normal consumers to use.

25. Reference 23
1. “Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Based on ECG Signals” by Nuzhat Ahmed & Yong Zhu (13th Feb 2020)
2. “Real Time ECG Monitoring System Using Arduino and LabView” by Deepak Yadav, Kartik Kaul, Aman
Sharma, Prof. (Dr.) Janakkumar B. Patel, Manoj Pandey in May 2018
3. “Wireless ECG Device with Arduino” by Halil Guvenc (Nov 2020)
4. “Arduino Based Ecg Monitoring System” K. Lakshmi Bhanu Prakash Reddy, M. Komalaakshi, T. Bhargavi,
(Nov 2018)
5. “Designing an Arduino-based ECG monitor using an AD8232 ECG sensor” by Nikhil Agnihotri (28th Dec 2022)