mechanical apdl and ansys

1. Step 1: Geometry
Thisanalysisdirectlygeneratesthe nodesandelementsforthe finiteelementmodel,therefore
there isno needtocreate solidmodel geometry.
Step 2: Define ElementTypes
2-1. Define the elementtype requiredforthis model
• Preprocessor>ElementType>Add/Edit/Delete
• Clickthe “Add...”buttontobringup the Library of ElementTypes
• Inthe leftcolumnunder“Structural Mass”choose “Link”
• Inthe rightcolumn,choose “3D finitstn180”
• ClickOK
• Close the ElementTypes dialogbox
2-2. Assignsectionpropertiesto the linkelements
• Preprocessor>Sections>Link>Add
• For the LinkSectionID,enter1
• ClickOK
• For [SECDATA] SectionDataLinkarea,enter1
• ClickOK
Step 3: Define Material Properties
3-1. Define the material properties
• Preprocessor>MaterialProps>Material Models

2. • ClickonStructural>Linear>Elastic>Isotropic
• For EX,enter
• ClickOK
• Close the material modeldialogbox
Step 4: Mesh (Create Nodesand Elements)
There isno solidmodel geometrytomeshinthisanalysis.Instead,we willdirectlydefine the
nodesandelementsforthe finiteelementmodel.
4-1. Create Node 1 at (0,0)
• Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Nodes>InActiveCS
• Enter1 for NODENode number
• Enter0 inthe firsttextbox forX,Y,ZLocation inactive CS
• Enter0 inthe secondtextbox forX,Y,ZLocationin active CS
• ClickApply
4-2. Create Node 2
• Reopenthe Create NodesinActive CoordinateSystemdialogbox if closed
• Enter2 for NODENode number
• Enter10 in the firsttextbox forX,Y,Z Locationinactive CS
• Enter0 inthe secondtextbox forX,Y,ZLocationin active CS
• ClickOK

3. 5: ApplyConstraint Boundary Conditions
5-1. Constrainthe displacementofthe node in the lower leftcorner inxandy
• Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>OnNodes
• Clickonthe node at the origin(Node 1) or type “1” in the textbox
• ClickOK
• For “Lab2 DOFs to be constrained”choose “UX” and“UY”
• For “VALUE Displacementvalue”enter0
• Step6: Apply Load Boundary Conditions
6-1. Applya downward force of 1000 lbf to the lowercenternode (Node 2)
• Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Force/Moment>OnNodes
• Clickonthe node at the centerof the bottomline (Node 2) or type “2” inthe textbox

4. • ClickOK
• For “Lab Directionof force/mom”choose “FY”
• For “VALUE Force/momentvalue”enter−1000
• ClickOK

5. Step 8: Solve
8-1. Selecteverythinginyour model
• UtilityMenu>Select>Everything
8-2. Solve
• Solution>Solve>CurrentLS

6. 8-3. Save your results
• ANSYSToolbar>SAVE_DB
9-1. List the nodal reaction solutions
• General Postproc>ListResults>ReactionSolu
• Leave “All items”selected
• ClickOK

7. 9-3. List the displacementofthe joints(nodes) in the truss
• General Postproc>ListResults>NodalSolution
• In“Itemto be listed”choose “DOFSolution>Displacementvectorsum”
• ClickOk

8. 9-4. List the component forcesfor the membersof the truss
• General Postproc>ListResults>ElementSolution
• Scroll tothe bottomof the window
• In“Itemto be listed”choose “ElementSolution>All Availableforce items”
• ClickOK
9-5. List the component forcesfor the membersof the truss
• General Postproc>ListResults>ElementSolution
• Scroll tothe bottomof the window
• In“Itemto be listed”choose “ElementSolution>Line ElementResults>Element
Results”
• Click

9. OK
Step 10: Compare and Verifythe Results
By inspection,the reactionforcesatnodes1 and 3 shouldbe 500 lbf.Thiscan be verifiedby
settingthe sumof the momentsaboutnode 1 equal tozeroand thensolvingforthe reaction
forcesat nodes3 and 1. Thisisalso consistentwiththe resultsshowninFigure 3-3-4.
ΣM1=0 R1+R3=1000
20R3=(10)(1000) R1=1000−500
R3=500 R1=500
The axial forcesineach of the memberscanbe calculatedbysummingthe forcesat eachof the
nodesinthe horizontal andvertical directions.Thispredictsanaxial tensioninElement3of
−559.01 lbf and an axial tensioninElement1of 250 lbf.Thisis consistentwiththe results
showninFigure 3-3-8.
ΣF1vert=0 ΣF1horz=0
R1=FN1_4sinθ FN1_2=F14cosθ

10. FN1_4=−500/sin(atan(2)) FN1_2=559.01 cos(atan(2))
FN1_4=FE3=−559.01 FN1_2=FE1=250
Similarcalculationscanbe made toverifythe restof the resultsfromthismodel.Basedonthe
agreementbetweenthe theoretical andnumerical results,we canconclude thatthe model isin
excellentagreementwiththe theoryandcan be usedforengineeringdesignandanalysis.
Close the Program
• UtilityMenu>File>Exit...
• Choose “Quit-No save!”
• ClickOk
BEAM PROBLEM
Model Attributes
Material Properties for 6061-T6 Aluminum
• Young’s modulus—7.310e10 Pa
Loads
• 5000 N downwardload applied to the center of the free end of the beam
Constraints
• The fixed end of the beam is fully constrained inx, y,and z
Step 1: Define Geometry
1-1. Create keypoints to define the ends of the beam
• Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Keypoints>In Active CS
• Supply (0,0,0) as the coordinates for the 1st KP
• Supply (1,0,0) as the coordinates for the 2nd KP
1-2. Create a line to connect the two keypoints

11. • Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Lines>Straight Line
Step 2: Define Element Types
2-1. Define the element type to use forthis model
• Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete
• Choose BEAM189 as the element type forthis analysis
124 ANSYS Mechanical APDLfor Finite Element Analysis
2-2. Define the section properties for yourmodel
• Preprocessor>Sections>Beam>Common Sections
• Ensure that a rectangle is shown as the Sub-Type (Figure 4-1-2)
• Ensure that “OffsetTo” is set to “Centroid”
• Enter 200 for B (width)
• Enter 300 for H (height)
• Click“Preview” toview the defined cross section
• ClickOKStep 3: Define Material Properties
3-1. Create a linear elastic material model for6061-T6 aluminum
• Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models
• Choose a structural, linear, elastic, isotropic material model
• Supply 7.310e10 as the value for Young’s modulus (EX)
• Supply 0. as the value forPoisson’s ratio (PRXY)
Step 4: Mesh
4-1. Create the mesh forthe finite element model
• Preprocessor>Meshing>MeshTool
• Clickthe “Mesh” button
• Clickthe “PickAll” button in the Mesh Lines dialog box
4-2. Turn element numbering on
• Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering...

12. • Change “Elem/Attrib numbering” to “Element numbers”
• ClickOK
4-3. Plot the finite element mesh
• Utility Menu>Plot>Elements
4-4. Change to the isometric view
• Clickthe “Isometric View” button in the Pan Zoom Rotate menu
4-5. Turn element shape display on
• Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Style>Size and Shape...
• Turn “[/ESHAPE]Display of element shapes based on real constant descriptions” on
• ClickOK
4-6. Return to the frontview
• Clickthe “Front View” button in the Pan Zoom Rotate menu
4-7. Turn element shape display off
• Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Style>Size and Shape...
• Turn “[/ESHAPE]Display of element shapes based on real constant descriptions” off
• ClickOK
4-8. Turn element numbering off
• Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering...
• Change “Elem/Attrib numbering” to “No numbering”
• ClickOk
Step 5: Apply Constraint Boundary Conditions
5-1. Constrain the fixed end of the beam
• Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>On Keypoints
• Clickon the keypoint at the origin or specify Keypoint 1 in the text box
• ClickOK
• For “Lab2 DOFsto be constrained” choose “All DOF”

13. • For “VALUE Displacement value” enter 0
• ClickOK
Step 6: Apply Load Boundary Conditions
6-1. Apply a downwardload to the free end of the beam
• Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Force/Moment>On Keypoints
• Clickon the keypoint at the free (right) end of the beam or specify Keypoint 2 in the
text box
• ClickOK
• For “Lab Directionof force/mom” choose “FY”
• For “VALUE Force/moment value” enter−5000
• ClickOK
8-2. Solve
• Solution>Solve>Current LS