The document outlines the general methods used for vaccine production, which includes 5 main steps: 1) generating the antigen by growing pathogens, 2) releasing and isolating the antigen from growth materials, 3) purifying the antigen using various separation techniques, 4) adding other components like adjuvants and preservatives, 5) packaging the vaccine for distribution while protecting it and the environment. Vaccines work by improving immunity but may not guarantee full protection against disease.