The document analyzes the behavior of box culverts with and without soil interaction through finite element and stiffness methods. It finds that bending moments and shear forces are higher without soil interaction compared to with interaction, with top slab values increasing 19-27% and side wall values increasing 15-31%. The study concludes soil interaction analysis is important for more accurate structural design of box culverts.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976
© IAEME Publication Scopus
STUDY ON BOX CULVERT
PG student, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, V
Profes
K L University, V
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify behaviour of box culvert with
interaction of soil and without interaction soil.
Analysis: when it is analyzed with finite element method for soil interaction and stiffness
method for soil without soil interacti
bending moments and shear force values under climatic conditions and the loads acting on the
box culvert. Box culvert is generally used to pass the water under it and also simultaneously
used for the transportation purpose. The box culverts required loadings are extracted from
according to IRC codes.
Findings: The maximum bending moments and Shear forces are obtained from Finite
element method and stiffness method.
Key words: Finite Element method, Soil
Cite this Article: I. Siva Rama Krishna and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
Interaction. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
738.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp
1. INTRODUCTION:
Box Culverts comprises of two vertical and horizontal slabs which are monolithically constructed ,
which suits for a railway and road bridge crossing having huge embankments /dikes crossing a stream
with constrained flow, If small discharge channel crossing a road drain , and if soil having low bearing
capacity . Box culvert is a reinforced concrete member / frame whose shape is in square or rectangular,
with openings provided on both opposite sides of the culv
the height don’t cross 3m. Generally in a box culvert dead , live, moving loads are to be taken by top
slab of the culvert, sidewalls resists the earth pressure coming from earth.
This Paper is studied on box cu
without cushion. In this paper the loadings are considered from the Indian road congress codes. There
won’t be any design difference if the culvert span is smaller but a edge beam may be
per skew angle wing walls layout need to be planned.
IJCIET/index.asp 734
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 734–738 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_087
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Scopus Indexed
STUDY ON BOX CULVERT SOIL INTERACTION
I. Siva Rama Krishna
PG student, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur.
Ch. Hanumantha Rao
Professor, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur.
: The objective of this paper is to identify behaviour of box culvert with
interaction of soil and without interaction soil.
when it is analyzed with finite element method for soil interaction and stiffness
method for soil without soil interaction. The box culverts are analyzed as per the maximum
bending moments and shear force values under climatic conditions and the loads acting on the
box culvert. Box culvert is generally used to pass the water under it and also simultaneously
nsportation purpose. The box culverts required loadings are extracted from
The maximum bending moments and Shear forces are obtained from Finite
element method and stiffness method.
: Finite Element method, Soil interaction, Stiffness Method.
I. Siva Rama Krishna and Ch. Hanumantha Rao, Study on Box Culvert Soil
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
Box Culverts comprises of two vertical and horizontal slabs which are monolithically constructed ,
which suits for a railway and road bridge crossing having huge embankments /dikes crossing a stream
small discharge channel crossing a road drain , and if soil having low bearing
capacity . Box culvert is a reinforced concrete member / frame whose shape is in square or rectangular,
with openings provided on both opposite sides of the culvert, generally their spans are 4m. The when
the height don’t cross 3m. Generally in a box culvert dead , live, moving loads are to be taken by top
slab of the culvert, sidewalls resists the earth pressure coming from earth.
This Paper is studied on box culverts having different cells and varying cushion such as by with or
without cushion. In this paper the loadings are considered from the Indian road congress codes. There
won’t be any design difference if the culvert span is smaller but a edge beam may be
per skew angle wing walls layout need to be planned.
editor@iaeme.com
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
SOIL INTERACTION
: The objective of this paper is to identify behaviour of box culvert with
when it is analyzed with finite element method for soil interaction and stiffness
on. The box culverts are analyzed as per the maximum
bending moments and shear force values under climatic conditions and the loads acting on the
box culvert. Box culvert is generally used to pass the water under it and also simultaneously
nsportation purpose. The box culverts required loadings are extracted from
The maximum bending moments and Shear forces are obtained from Finite
Study on Box Culvert Soil
, 8(1), 2017, pp. 734–
?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
Box Culverts comprises of two vertical and horizontal slabs which are monolithically constructed ,
which suits for a railway and road bridge crossing having huge embankments /dikes crossing a stream
small discharge channel crossing a road drain , and if soil having low bearing
capacity . Box culvert is a reinforced concrete member / frame whose shape is in square or rectangular,
ert, generally their spans are 4m. The when
the height don’t cross 3m. Generally in a box culvert dead , live, moving loads are to be taken by top
lverts having different cells and varying cushion such as by with or
without cushion. In this paper the loadings are considered from the Indian road congress codes. There
won’t be any design difference if the culvert span is smaller but a edge beam may be required and as

2. Study on Box Culvert Soil Interaction
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 735 editor@iaeme.com
2. METHODOLOGY:
2.1 EARTH PRESSURE:
Mainly earth pressure condition is very important while analyzing a box shaped culvert. Earth pressure
have maximum as passive and minimum as active is known as pressure at rest. Regarding this earth
pressure condition should be follow the coefficients of earth pressure that can be with stand against the
backfill earth pressure. In this criteria box shaped culverts have more earth pressure that means side
walls has to resist the pressure.
2.2 WIDTH OF THE MEMBER:
Width of member plays a crucial role in while calculating loads for culvert. Mainly vehicles loadings
segregated on this width only so for load case criteria width parameter is to be considered.
2.3 CUSHION:
Basically box culverts are having different cells that are single cell and multi cell box culverts. Every
box culvert have the cushion, the cushion is nothing but the from the ground level to above the culvert
top slab that height is known as the cushion. Generally the cushion in few meters below the ground so
loads can be generated from the cushion also, while calculations of loads in such cases cushion will be
considered.
2.4 LIVE LOAD:
Majorly the live loads are acted on the box culvert top slab. Calculation of live load or impact load
based on different types that are according with Indian road congress, and there are separate classes
about loadings. In this live load criteria with cushion have low impact loading but there is no cushion
there is a heavy impact loading on the top slab.
2.5 LOAD CASES:
1. Earth pressure on side walls and impact loads on the top and bottom slabs.
Figure 1 Live load and surcharge load on box
2. Water pressure inside the box culvert and cushion loadings on top slab and impact loading on
bottom.
Figure 2 Culvert inside pressure
3. There is no surcharge loading on the culvert but live load on top slab and water pressure inside
the culvert.

3. I. Siva Rama Krishna and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 736 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 No surcharge loads only live load and water pressure
Figure 4 Box culvert model with dimensions
Figure 5 Soil interaction model
Figure 6 Without soil interaction model

4. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
The bending moment values of with and without soil interaction studies for top sla
base slab are compared
The shear force values of with and without soil interaction studies for top slab, side slab, base slab
are compared
4. CONCLUSIONS:
Following are the conclusions based on the study
• The bending moment values of top slab is increased by 19% in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
• The bending moment values of side walls is increased by 15% in without soil interaction condition
when compared to with soil interaction
• The bending moment values of base slab is increased by negligible in without soil interaction condition
when compared to with soil interaction
• The shear force values of top slab is increased by 27% in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
• The shear force values of side walls is increased by 31% in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
Study on Box Culvert Soil Interaction
IJCIET/index.asp 737
SSIONS:
Figure 7 Bending moment values
The bending moment values of with and without soil interaction studies for top sla
Figure 8 Shear force values
The shear force values of with and without soil interaction studies for top slab, side slab, base slab
Following are the conclusions based on the study:
moment values of top slab is increased by 19% in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
The bending moment values of side walls is increased by 15% in without soil interaction condition
interaction
The bending moment values of base slab is increased by negligible in without soil interaction condition
when compared to with soil interaction
The shear force values of top slab is increased by 27% in without soil interaction condition when
pared to with soil interaction
The shear force values of side walls is increased by 31% in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
editor@iaeme.com
The bending moment values of with and without soil interaction studies for top slab, side slab,
The shear force values of with and without soil interaction studies for top slab, side slab, base slab
moment values of top slab is increased by 19% in without soil interaction condition when
The bending moment values of side walls is increased by 15% in without soil interaction condition
The bending moment values of base slab is increased by negligible in without soil interaction condition
The shear force values of top slab is increased by 27% in without soil interaction condition when
The shear force values of side walls is increased by 31% in without soil interaction condition when

5. I. Siva Rama Krishna and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 738 editor@iaeme.com
• The shear force values of base slab is increased by negligible in without soil interaction condition when
compared to with soil interaction
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