The analysis of the dynamics of development of the legal and regulatory status of the
basic notions and procedures of the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements
of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2000 - 2018 in relation to the conformity
assessment and confirmation of compliance of measuring instruments, in the framework
of harmonization of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan with
international requirements and recommendations. Works on metrological certification of
measuring systems of a number of test equipment of the machine-building enterprise with
participation of the state body authorized for management of activity for ensuring the
state system of unity of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also taking into
account regulatory requirements to indicators of parameters of safety and quality of
production are carried out.
Official proposals were sent to the Committee of technical regulation and Metrology
of the Republic of Kazakhstan on amendments and additions to the draft national
standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, establishing requirements for calibration
procedures of measuring instruments and transfer of measuring instruments to the
category of indicators. These proposals were agreed and included in the relevant draft
standards. Recommendations for further development and harmonization of the
regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of metrological support,
This document summarizes key aspects of quality management and metrology at OAO "MSZ", a major Russian nuclear fuel fabrication facility. It discusses two elements of their quality system - process management to ensure quality during manufacturing and testing of measurement instruments. Specifically, it covers technological equipment qualification and measuring system qualification, which are important for understanding the principles to guide such work at the plant. The information provided can be used to promote OAO "MSZ" products and in negotiations with potential customers.
This document describes a proposed management model for accreditation and quality assurance of the Business Engineering program at the National Polytechnic School of Ecuador. The model is composed of 13 criteria including educational objectives, curriculum, infrastructure, faculty, student management, learning outcomes, student environment, research, and community links. The model aims to evaluate the quality of the Business Engineering program and create an action plan to improve education quality.
Information technology of developing test kits based on software requirementsijceronline
The article presents an advanced information technology of developing test kits based on software requirements using regulated cascading decision charts, providing the increase of coverage completeness by the projected test kits of software requirements and the accuracy of the tests themselves. The article presents an advanced information technology of developing test kits based on software requirements using regulated cascading decision charts, providing the increase of coverage completeness by the projected test kits of software requirements and the accuracy of the tests themselves
Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Envi...ijtsrd
the article deals with the automation of customs control and clearance processes, the creation of convenience for entrepreneurs, the provision of public services in electronic form, digitization of interaction with customs services and departments in order to implement modern measures for the development of customs administration, improving the efficiency of customs. Suyunov Abdunor Miltikboyevich | Nasirova Sevinch Ilkhomjon Kyzy "Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47739.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/47739/digital-technologies-in-customs-and-prospects-for-creating-an-electronic-environment/suyunov-abdunor-miltikboyevich
The Economic Consultant is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Journal’s aim is to disseminate scientific research related to the actualization of modern socio-economic problems; to cover the latest achievements of socio-economic sciences; to consolidate the expert opinion on the problems of management development in the economic sphere.
The journal is a scientific consultant on effective public administration and regulation in various sectors of the social sphere and economy. It’s scope covers in management of innovations, labor and demographic economics, economics of education, social welfare, etc.
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
The document discusses upcoming harmonization of medical device regulations within the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) between Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Key points include:
- A common medical device market within the EEU is expected to launch on January 1, 2016 under new harmonized rules.
- Many regulations still need to be adopted by the end of 2015 to provide guidance for implementation.
- Transition periods and potential delays mean full harmonization may not be achieved immediately.
- Manufacturers will need to reallocate resources to adjust to the new regulatory system over time, including re-registering products under the new rules by 2022.
This document proposes establishing a working group to develop a common framework for defining and assessing quality of science (QoS) across the CGIAR System. The working group would seek to answer three key questions: 1) How to define QoS in the context of agricultural research for development, 2) How to measure CGIAR-tailored QoS, and 3) How to ensure high QoS standards across the System. Over the course of 2017, the working group would produce a white paper, hold workshops, and ultimately deliver a final report outlining a common CGIAR framework for QoS. The goal is to enhance coherence, linkages and coordination on QoS issues among different CGIAR entities.
This document summarizes key aspects of quality management and metrology at OAO "MSZ", a major Russian nuclear fuel fabrication facility. It discusses two elements of their quality system - process management to ensure quality during manufacturing and testing of measurement instruments. Specifically, it covers technological equipment qualification and measuring system qualification, which are important for understanding the principles to guide such work at the plant. The information provided can be used to promote OAO "MSZ" products and in negotiations with potential customers.
This document describes a proposed management model for accreditation and quality assurance of the Business Engineering program at the National Polytechnic School of Ecuador. The model is composed of 13 criteria including educational objectives, curriculum, infrastructure, faculty, student management, learning outcomes, student environment, research, and community links. The model aims to evaluate the quality of the Business Engineering program and create an action plan to improve education quality.
Information technology of developing test kits based on software requirementsijceronline
The article presents an advanced information technology of developing test kits based on software requirements using regulated cascading decision charts, providing the increase of coverage completeness by the projected test kits of software requirements and the accuracy of the tests themselves. The article presents an advanced information technology of developing test kits based on software requirements using regulated cascading decision charts, providing the increase of coverage completeness by the projected test kits of software requirements and the accuracy of the tests themselves
Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Envi...ijtsrd
the article deals with the automation of customs control and clearance processes, the creation of convenience for entrepreneurs, the provision of public services in electronic form, digitization of interaction with customs services and departments in order to implement modern measures for the development of customs administration, improving the efficiency of customs. Suyunov Abdunor Miltikboyevich | Nasirova Sevinch Ilkhomjon Kyzy "Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47739.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/47739/digital-technologies-in-customs-and-prospects-for-creating-an-electronic-environment/suyunov-abdunor-miltikboyevich
The Economic Consultant is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Journal’s aim is to disseminate scientific research related to the actualization of modern socio-economic problems; to cover the latest achievements of socio-economic sciences; to consolidate the expert opinion on the problems of management development in the economic sphere.
The journal is a scientific consultant on effective public administration and regulation in various sectors of the social sphere and economy. It’s scope covers in management of innovations, labor and demographic economics, economics of education, social welfare, etc.
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
The document discusses upcoming harmonization of medical device regulations within the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) between Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Key points include:
- A common medical device market within the EEU is expected to launch on January 1, 2016 under new harmonized rules.
- Many regulations still need to be adopted by the end of 2015 to provide guidance for implementation.
- Transition periods and potential delays mean full harmonization may not be achieved immediately.
- Manufacturers will need to reallocate resources to adjust to the new regulatory system over time, including re-registering products under the new rules by 2022.
This document proposes establishing a working group to develop a common framework for defining and assessing quality of science (QoS) across the CGIAR System. The working group would seek to answer three key questions: 1) How to define QoS in the context of agricultural research for development, 2) How to measure CGIAR-tailored QoS, and 3) How to ensure high QoS standards across the System. Over the course of 2017, the working group would produce a white paper, hold workshops, and ultimately deliver a final report outlining a common CGIAR framework for QoS. The goal is to enhance coherence, linkages and coordination on QoS issues among different CGIAR entities.
Activity report of NCJSC «Holding «Kasipkor» 2016 and missions for 2017KASIPKOR
This document provides an activity report and directions for 2017 for NCJSC Holding Kasipkor. In 2016, the holding updated its development strategy for 2012-2021 and approved new educational programs. It conducted training programs for educators to improve teaching quality in technical and vocational education. It also worked to increase the prestige and effectiveness of technical and vocational education through various initiatives like implementing free technical education, international cooperation, and championships. The holding supported the development of technical colleges and explored new industries like establishing a resource center for vocational competitions and equipping laboratories at various colleges.
According to the results of the Russian Finance Ministry assessment of the quality of
financial management of the managers of the federal budget, including process and
outcome indicators of financial activity as part of the state programs « Education
Development », « Science and Technology Development», the Ministry of Education and
Science of the Russian Federation in 2017 occupied the 26th place.
The relatively low financial and managerial statements of the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation activity concerning government program funding
are caused by deficiencies in methods and tools for managing budget expenditures, and
it is proved by Russian Audit Chamber’s findings concerning the ineffectiveness of
financial expenditures in the «5-100» project.
In this way the relevance of the research theme is due to need for theoretical
development of the conceptual construct, modifying the model of organizational and
financial clearing for subsidizing government programs, adapting the algorithm for
applying social bonds to the education and science sectors of the Russian Federation,
justifying new methodological approaches and practical recommendations for developing
the system for financing government programs in the domain of education and science.
Презентация ОАО «НТЦ электроэнергетики» (eng)Rivets
The R&D Center for Power Engineering was created in 2006 by merging several power engineering institutes. It aims to develop reliable power supply technologies and modernize power equipment to extend its lifetime. The Center has over 500 employees with expertise in areas like power generation, transmission, distribution, and management. It carries out research projects, develops standards and guides, and provides certification services to improve reliability and efficiency across the Russian power industry.
Ensuring innovative development of the marine transport management system in ...Igor Britchenko
The article considers the peculiarities of the transformation of the freight transport management system in the conditions of digital economy formation. The integration of digital platforms into the management system of transport companies is designed to increase the overall efficiency of their activities. At the same time, it is objectively necessary to apply clear criteria for digitization of the maritime traffic management system. It is proved that the introduction of digital software solutions will allow transport companies to reduce their costs and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of their operation.
Providing Accommodation and Food Services to the Population of the RegionYogeshIJTSRD
Analyzing development processes of each providing accommodation and food services to the population of the region, the sequence of choosing and modeling the main factors which influence their development are represented through simulation schemes in this article. Mukhitdinov Khudoyar Suyunovich | Rakhimov Abdihakim Muhammadiyevich "Providing Accommodation and Food Services to the Population of the Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/38500/providing-accommodation-and-food-services-to-the-population-of-the-region/mukhitdinov-khudoyar-suyunovich
This document summarizes a systematic review article that examines research on IoT-based water monitoring systems from 2018-2022. It finds that while sensors and wireless data acquisition have improved water monitoring, challenges remain in model accuracy, data collection systems, and data quality. The review categorizes literature into three types (reviews, experimental studies), identifies gaps, and recommends research directions to advance smart water quality monitoring, such as improving data gathering and model development.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations and water quality characterization approaches, as well as research gaps to help advance the field of smart water quality monitoring.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations and water quality characterization approaches, as well as highlight gaps to inform future research directions in smart water quality monitoring.
This document summarizes a systematic review article that examines research on IoT-based water monitoring systems from 2018-2022. It finds that while sensors and wireless data acquisition have improved water monitoring, challenges remain in model accuracy, data collection systems, and data quality. The review categorizes 50 relevant papers and identifies gaps in reliability of models, development of sensing technologies, and types of data used. It recommends future work to advance smart water quality monitoring through improved data gathering and artificial intelligence techniques.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations, water quality characterization approaches, and research gaps to inform future work in this area.
The Reforms Project Office of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine was established in August 2015 to implement reforms in the economic sector of Ukraine's Armed Forces. They are working on reforms in four main areas: procurement systems, material support, healthcare, and state-owned enterprises. Some key reforms that have been implemented include establishing an electronic procurement system, reforming norms and standards for material supply, and connecting healthcare facilities to a new integrated healthcare information system. Current reform projects still in progress include automating medical stock inventory systems and optimizing medical evacuation support.
The Department of Regional Economics and Management at Vyatka State University was founded in 1992 and is the oldest economic department in the Kirov region. It currently has over 500 students and more than 3,000 graduates. The department staff includes 3 professors, 3 associate professors, 4 senior lecturers, 2 lecturers, 1 doctor, and 7 PhDs. Every year, department lecturers produce around 25 teaching materials, 2 monographs, and 5 scientific articles. From 2005-2007 and 2009-2010, the department completed various research projects and applied studies that were implemented by Kirov region authorities to improve areas such as investment, innovation, transportation, and more.
THE BACKGROUND TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AVIATION SECU...IAEME Publication
The article covers implementation in Russia of the Continuous Monitoring
Approach (CMA) under the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP)
developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Authors analyzed
the problems arisen during the experts’ data collection, processing and submitting to
the ICAO and revealed the main causes of those problems: the use of ICAO’s original
questionnaires as the main tool for keeping and exchanging expert data, as well as
complexity of the expert activity coordination in a two-level interaction scheme
comprised of a national coordinator and experts. It is demonstrated the need to switch
to a three-level interaction scheme that include coordinators for each audit area, and
the need to develop an information system, which introduction would allow us to
avoid the revealed problems during implementation of the CMA under the Universal
Security Audit Programme.
Methodological Approach to the Formation and Evaluation of the Quality of Ope...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In this work, the theoretical aspects of the formation of operational qualities of rolling stock used in urban public transport, its services on the basis of operational characteristics are studied, and a methodology for assessing the operational quality of real routes served by bus companies is proposed.
Intersectoral linkages represent the economic and organizational interaction
between industries, characterizing the relationship to ensure the production process,
as well as the production and sale of products in the industry based on exchanging
equivalent costs and ensuring the same level of production profitability. Due to the need
to develop branches of the national economy, the authors suggest a methodological
approach to assessing the efficiency of the economic mechanism for establishing and
developing intersectoral linkages
The article discusses the methodological approaches to assessing the socioeconomic
development of the region. Methodical approaches to the formation of
economic and social programs, as a tool for strategic management of the region’s
development, should be adequate to its goals, taking into account regional
peculiarities, and first of all, aimed at solving specific problems relevant to a particular
region.
The document summarizes the 2nd Annual Operational Safety Summit in Russia and CIS, which was held on October 6-7, 2015 in St. Petersburg. The summit focused on operational safety in Russia and neighboring countries, with sessions on legislation, safety culture, contractor management, and best practices. Confirmed speakers represented government agencies and major companies operating in Russia. Topics included the regulatory framework for health and safety, building an effective safety management system, engaging workers, and case studies on implementing driver safety programs and managing an aging workforce. Over 100 attendees from various industries participated in the event.
The document discusses an integrated approach to quality assurance in a Regional Statistical Office (RSO) that functions in a multidisciplinary environment serving various stakeholders. It presents concepts related to quality assurance like leadership, competences, standards, methodology and continuous improvement. It also discusses specifics of an RSO as a manufacturer of statistical information by outlining the multiplication of results from its activities and the many aspects of quality considered. Finally, it proposes an integrated approach to quality management in an RSO involving concepts, standards, legislation and frameworks from various institutions it serves like public administration, statistical and scientific institutions as well as manufacturing companies.
Basic Principles of JIT Logistics Control of Information and Freight Flowsijtsrd
The article presents the priority principles observed when creating a JIT logistics management system for information and cargo flows, the progressiveness of economic systems from the point of view of Internet logistics is achieved not by increasing the material and technical base, but by improving it on the basis of modern information and communication technologies. Yakubov Maksadkhan Sultaniyazovich | Tuychiev Shavkat Shokirovich "Basic Principles of JIT Logistics Control of Information and Freight Flows" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47625.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47625/basic-principles-of-jit-logistics-control-of-information-and-freight-flows/yakubov-maksadkhan-sultaniyazovich
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
Activity report of NCJSC «Holding «Kasipkor» 2016 and missions for 2017KASIPKOR
This document provides an activity report and directions for 2017 for NCJSC Holding Kasipkor. In 2016, the holding updated its development strategy for 2012-2021 and approved new educational programs. It conducted training programs for educators to improve teaching quality in technical and vocational education. It also worked to increase the prestige and effectiveness of technical and vocational education through various initiatives like implementing free technical education, international cooperation, and championships. The holding supported the development of technical colleges and explored new industries like establishing a resource center for vocational competitions and equipping laboratories at various colleges.
According to the results of the Russian Finance Ministry assessment of the quality of
financial management of the managers of the federal budget, including process and
outcome indicators of financial activity as part of the state programs « Education
Development », « Science and Technology Development», the Ministry of Education and
Science of the Russian Federation in 2017 occupied the 26th place.
The relatively low financial and managerial statements of the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation activity concerning government program funding
are caused by deficiencies in methods and tools for managing budget expenditures, and
it is proved by Russian Audit Chamber’s findings concerning the ineffectiveness of
financial expenditures in the «5-100» project.
In this way the relevance of the research theme is due to need for theoretical
development of the conceptual construct, modifying the model of organizational and
financial clearing for subsidizing government programs, adapting the algorithm for
applying social bonds to the education and science sectors of the Russian Federation,
justifying new methodological approaches and practical recommendations for developing
the system for financing government programs in the domain of education and science.
Презентация ОАО «НТЦ электроэнергетики» (eng)Rivets
The R&D Center for Power Engineering was created in 2006 by merging several power engineering institutes. It aims to develop reliable power supply technologies and modernize power equipment to extend its lifetime. The Center has over 500 employees with expertise in areas like power generation, transmission, distribution, and management. It carries out research projects, develops standards and guides, and provides certification services to improve reliability and efficiency across the Russian power industry.
Ensuring innovative development of the marine transport management system in ...Igor Britchenko
The article considers the peculiarities of the transformation of the freight transport management system in the conditions of digital economy formation. The integration of digital platforms into the management system of transport companies is designed to increase the overall efficiency of their activities. At the same time, it is objectively necessary to apply clear criteria for digitization of the maritime traffic management system. It is proved that the introduction of digital software solutions will allow transport companies to reduce their costs and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of their operation.
Providing Accommodation and Food Services to the Population of the RegionYogeshIJTSRD
Analyzing development processes of each providing accommodation and food services to the population of the region, the sequence of choosing and modeling the main factors which influence their development are represented through simulation schemes in this article. Mukhitdinov Khudoyar Suyunovich | Rakhimov Abdihakim Muhammadiyevich "Providing Accommodation and Food Services to the Population of the Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/38500/providing-accommodation-and-food-services-to-the-population-of-the-region/mukhitdinov-khudoyar-suyunovich
This document summarizes a systematic review article that examines research on IoT-based water monitoring systems from 2018-2022. It finds that while sensors and wireless data acquisition have improved water monitoring, challenges remain in model accuracy, data collection systems, and data quality. The review categorizes literature into three types (reviews, experimental studies), identifies gaps, and recommends research directions to advance smart water quality monitoring, such as improving data gathering and model development.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations and water quality characterization approaches, as well as research gaps to help advance the field of smart water quality monitoring.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations and water quality characterization approaches, as well as highlight gaps to inform future research directions in smart water quality monitoring.
This document summarizes a systematic review article that examines research on IoT-based water monitoring systems from 2018-2022. It finds that while sensors and wireless data acquisition have improved water monitoring, challenges remain in model accuracy, data collection systems, and data quality. The review categorizes 50 relevant papers and identifies gaps in reliability of models, development of sensing technologies, and types of data used. It recommends future work to advance smart water quality monitoring through improved data gathering and artificial intelligence techniques.
This document provides a systematic review of literature on IoT-based water monitoring systems between 2018 and 2022. It examines 50 peer-reviewed papers focused on data acquisition systems (DAS) used to monitor water quality parameters. The papers are categorized based on whether they used AI-based methods (such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and deep learning) or non-AI based methods. Within the AI-based category, papers employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and random forest algorithms are summarized. The review aims to identify trends in DAS evaluations, water quality characterization approaches, and research gaps to inform future work in this area.
The Reforms Project Office of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine was established in August 2015 to implement reforms in the economic sector of Ukraine's Armed Forces. They are working on reforms in four main areas: procurement systems, material support, healthcare, and state-owned enterprises. Some key reforms that have been implemented include establishing an electronic procurement system, reforming norms and standards for material supply, and connecting healthcare facilities to a new integrated healthcare information system. Current reform projects still in progress include automating medical stock inventory systems and optimizing medical evacuation support.
The Department of Regional Economics and Management at Vyatka State University was founded in 1992 and is the oldest economic department in the Kirov region. It currently has over 500 students and more than 3,000 graduates. The department staff includes 3 professors, 3 associate professors, 4 senior lecturers, 2 lecturers, 1 doctor, and 7 PhDs. Every year, department lecturers produce around 25 teaching materials, 2 monographs, and 5 scientific articles. From 2005-2007 and 2009-2010, the department completed various research projects and applied studies that were implemented by Kirov region authorities to improve areas such as investment, innovation, transportation, and more.
THE BACKGROUND TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AVIATION SECU...IAEME Publication
The article covers implementation in Russia of the Continuous Monitoring
Approach (CMA) under the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP)
developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Authors analyzed
the problems arisen during the experts’ data collection, processing and submitting to
the ICAO and revealed the main causes of those problems: the use of ICAO’s original
questionnaires as the main tool for keeping and exchanging expert data, as well as
complexity of the expert activity coordination in a two-level interaction scheme
comprised of a national coordinator and experts. It is demonstrated the need to switch
to a three-level interaction scheme that include coordinators for each audit area, and
the need to develop an information system, which introduction would allow us to
avoid the revealed problems during implementation of the CMA under the Universal
Security Audit Programme.
Methodological Approach to the Formation and Evaluation of the Quality of Ope...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In this work, the theoretical aspects of the formation of operational qualities of rolling stock used in urban public transport, its services on the basis of operational characteristics are studied, and a methodology for assessing the operational quality of real routes served by bus companies is proposed.
Intersectoral linkages represent the economic and organizational interaction
between industries, characterizing the relationship to ensure the production process,
as well as the production and sale of products in the industry based on exchanging
equivalent costs and ensuring the same level of production profitability. Due to the need
to develop branches of the national economy, the authors suggest a methodological
approach to assessing the efficiency of the economic mechanism for establishing and
developing intersectoral linkages
The article discusses the methodological approaches to assessing the socioeconomic
development of the region. Methodical approaches to the formation of
economic and social programs, as a tool for strategic management of the region’s
development, should be adequate to its goals, taking into account regional
peculiarities, and first of all, aimed at solving specific problems relevant to a particular
region.
The document summarizes the 2nd Annual Operational Safety Summit in Russia and CIS, which was held on October 6-7, 2015 in St. Petersburg. The summit focused on operational safety in Russia and neighboring countries, with sessions on legislation, safety culture, contractor management, and best practices. Confirmed speakers represented government agencies and major companies operating in Russia. Topics included the regulatory framework for health and safety, building an effective safety management system, engaging workers, and case studies on implementing driver safety programs and managing an aging workforce. Over 100 attendees from various industries participated in the event.
The document discusses an integrated approach to quality assurance in a Regional Statistical Office (RSO) that functions in a multidisciplinary environment serving various stakeholders. It presents concepts related to quality assurance like leadership, competences, standards, methodology and continuous improvement. It also discusses specifics of an RSO as a manufacturer of statistical information by outlining the multiplication of results from its activities and the many aspects of quality considered. Finally, it proposes an integrated approach to quality management in an RSO involving concepts, standards, legislation and frameworks from various institutions it serves like public administration, statistical and scientific institutions as well as manufacturing companies.
Basic Principles of JIT Logistics Control of Information and Freight Flowsijtsrd
The article presents the priority principles observed when creating a JIT logistics management system for information and cargo flows, the progressiveness of economic systems from the point of view of Internet logistics is achieved not by increasing the material and technical base, but by improving it on the basis of modern information and communication technologies. Yakubov Maksadkhan Sultaniyazovich | Tuychiev Shavkat Shokirovich "Basic Principles of JIT Logistics Control of Information and Freight Flows" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47625.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47625/basic-principles-of-jit-logistics-control-of-information-and-freight-flows/yakubov-maksadkhan-sultaniyazovich
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
2. Chashkov V.N., Salykova O.S., Salykov B.R., Ivanova I.V., Baganov N.A and Binyukov Y.V
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1630 editor@iaeme.com
taking into account international requirements and recommendations in order to increase
confidence in the quality of measurements performed in the conditions of production and
laboratories of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Key words: State System for Ensuring Unity of Measurement, calibration, metrology,
conformity assessment, verification (poverka), confirmation of compliance, metrological
certification, metrological traceability, measurement instrument, standardization,
legalization of measurement instruments, measurement instruments type approval,
standard
Cite this Article: Chashkov V.N., Salykova O.S., Salykov B.R., Ivanova I.V., Baganov
N.A and Benyukov Y.V, Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions
and Procedures of the State System of Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic
of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance
of Measurement Instruments, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 10(01), 2019, pp.1629–1659
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&Type=01
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to the exceptionally high practical value and relevance of conformity assessment and
confirmation of compliance of measuring instruments used to measure values of parameters of
quality and safety of products, the authors of this article, the aim was to research the dynamics of
the development of appropriate regulatory and legal requirements of the Republic of Kazakhstan
in the period 2000 - 2018, within the framework of harmonization of the regulatory framework
of the state system of assuring measurement uniformity of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the
Republic of Kazakhstan with international requirements and recommendations, as well as the
practical implementation procedures for the assessment and confirmation of conformity of
measuring instruments used in the conditions of machine-building enterprise.
To achieve this purpose, the tasks were set to study the relevant laws and regulations of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, regulatory documents, including national standards, the state system of
ensuring the unity of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, interstate standards and
recommendations. The tasks were set to study the processes of implementation of international
recommendations and requirements for procedures for the assessment and confirmation of
conformity of measuring instruments. One of the most important issues accepted for
consideration in this article is the issue of assessment and confirmation of compliance of
metrological parameters of testing equipment and measuring instruments with respect to the
measured quality and safety indicators established by the regulatory requirements for products.
The article did not set the task of studying the regulatory requirements for the evaluation of
the accuracy of measuring instruments, as well as the relevant principles and procedures,
including the analysis and evaluation of errors, classification of measurement errors, error
analysis and uncertainty of measurement results. This requires a separate and detailed analysis in
connection with the really large volume of existing regulations, as well as the procedures being
developed. But due to the high dynamics and practical importance of the introduction of
procedures for assessing uncertainty, including measuring instruments (hereinafter - MI), as well
as for the purpose of acquaintance, the article set the task to disclose this issue in the framework
of the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
On behalf of practical works, the objectives of introducing changes and additions to a number
of developed projects of national standards of State System for Ensuring Uniform of
Measurement of the Republic of Kazakhstan, setting requirements to use of measurement means
and evaluation of metrological indexes of measurement means. An objective was also set to
3. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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perform standardized procedures of legalization of a number of test equipment of automobile
assembly manufacture of mechanical engineering enterprise with participation of State National
Metrological Centre of Committee of Technical Regulation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. METHODS AND MATERIALS
Within the framework of the strategy “Kazakhstan-2050”, the concept of inclusion of Kazakhstan
into a list of 30 developed countries of the world, the state programme of industrial and innovative
development was adopted for the years 2015-2019, which was developed in correspondence to
the long-term state priorities.
According to the Government Order №635 from June 10, 2014 “About confirmation of
complex plan of improving system of technical regulation and metrology until the year 2020” in
order to create conditions for manufacturing competitive products, provide metrological
independence and achieve measurement traceability, there are measures to be undertaken in the
field of technical regulation and metrology, including such as development of normative
documents in the field of standardization (not less than 1000 a year), provision of propositions
for development of verification laboratories network, development of cooperation within the
framework of international, regional and other organizations in the field of technical regulation
and metrology (ISO, IEC, EASC, ILAC, AF, COOMET), development of the concept of
corrections to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “About measurement unity assurance”.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, in order to create conditions for the international recognition
of the results of measurements made in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the policy of harmonization
of procedures of the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, according to contemporary international practice, recommendations and
requirements of international and regional organizations, including the International Organization
of Legal Metrology (OIML), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, COOMET,
ILAC, EASC, requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 17025. This also contributes
to solution of technical and administrative problems, emerging from the use of measurement
instruments (hereinafter – MI) and realization of state regulation in the field of measurement unity
assurance. State management of measurement unity assurance activities is conducted by the
authorized agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Committee of technical regulation and
metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan), one of the functions of which is the organization of
development and realization of state policy of measurement unity assurance.
For example, in order to simplify the procedures recommended by international organizations
in the field of standardization and conformity assessment, the order of the acting Minister of
industry and new technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 27, 2012 № 491
approved the "Rules of accounting and application of international, regional and foreign standards
and standards, standards of organizations, classifiers of technical and economic information,
rules, norms and recommendations of foreign States on standardization, conformity assessment
and accreditation in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, except for their application in
the standards of organizations".
According to the comprehensive plan to improve the system of technical regulation and
Metrology until 2020, work continues on the implementation of the recommendations of
international documents of the OIML in the legislative and legal framework of the SSEUM RK.
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of OIML and pursues a policy of harmonization of
OIML documents in its system of technical regulation. The international OIML document D 1,
2012, reviews for a Law on Metrology (Basic provisions for the Metrology law) sets out
recommendations that should be taken into account in the preparation of national laws governing
Metrology, the need for which increases with the increasing participation of States in
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transnational, regional and international agreements in connection with the globalization of trade
in goods and services, in which such laws provide the basis for work with relevant national
measurement requirements. The legislation for which this international Instrument makes
recommendations may consist of either one General Law covering all legal aspects of Metrology
or a set of laws where each law regulates a particular aspect of Metrology.
Currently, the main document of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of Metrology is one
General Law, which establishes the legal, economic and organizational basis for ensuring the
unity of measurements, including the basic concepts and procedures. This is the Law of the
Republic of Kazakhstan "on ensuring the unity of measurements" of June 7, 2000 with the current
amendments. This law of the Republic of Kazakhstan also regulates relations between state
bodies of management, individuals and legal entities in the field of metrological activity and is
aimed at protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and the economy of the Republic
of Kazakhstan from the consequences of inaccurate measurement results. In the Russian
Federation as the General Law covering all legislative aspects of Metrology the Federal law n
102-FZ "about ensuring unity of measurements" of June 26, 2008 works.
The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on ensuring the unity of measurements" establishes
requirements for the state system of ensuring the unity of measurements of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. The SSEUM of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a set of organizational, technical and
regulatory frameworks designed to achieve and maintain the unity and required accuracy of
measurements in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the state unitary SSEUM of
Kazakhstan is to create legal, regulatory, organizational, technical and economic conditions for
solving problems to ensure the unity of measurements. Due to the fact that MI are the objects of
technical regulation, the SSEUM RK is part of the system of technical regulation of Kazakhstan
in terms of assessment and confirmation of compliance. According to the Law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "On technical regulation" technical regulation is a legal regulation of relations in the
field of establishing, application and executing of obligatory requirements for products or related
production requirements to the processes of design (including surveys), production, construction,
installation, commissioning, operation, storage, transportation, realization and utilization, as well
as in the field of conformity assessment.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the policy on harmonization of the regulatory framework of
the SSS, including in relation to MI, with such major international instruments on Metrology as:
- "JCGM 200:2008 international vocabulary of Metrology. Basic and General concepts and
associated terms (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008 International Vocabulary of Metrology - Basic and
general concepts and associated terms)»,
- "International vocabulary of terms in legal metrology (VIML) OIML V 1 Edition 2013 (E
/F)»,
– Standard International organizations (BIPM, IEC, MPKL, ISO, IUPAC, MCPF, OIML,
MSAL) International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated
Terms (VIM), 3rd edition, 2007.;
– Standard OIML ID 2 Legal units of measurement, ed. 1999;
– Standard OIML ID 3 Legal qualification of measuring instruments, ed. 1979;
– Standard OIML ID 5 Principles for the establishment of hierarchy schemes for measuring
instruments, ed. 1982;
– Standard OIML ID 8 Measurement standards. Choice, recognition, use, conservation and
documentation, ed. 2004
– Standard OIML ID 9 Principles of metrological supervision, ed. 2004;
5. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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– Standard OIML ID 12 Fields of use of measuring instruments subject to verification, ed.
1986;
– Standard OIML ID 16 Principles of assurance of metrological control, ed. 1986;
– Standard OIML ID 23 Principles of metrological control of equipment used for verification,
ed. 1993;
– Standard OIML ID 27 Initial verification of measuring instruments utilizing the
manufacturer’s quality management system, ed. 2001.
The authorized body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of SSEUM also carries out
work on the analysis and subsequent application of the norms and requirements of the European
Union in respect of MI. Note such documents as
- DIRECTIVE 2004/22/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL
of 31 March 2004 on measuring instruments;
- DIRECTIVE 2014/32/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL
of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
making available on the market of measuring instruments (recast).
The use of modern regulatory framework together with the main provisions of these
documents allows to create an industry system of metrological support of mechanical
engineering, implementing modern international requirements for metrological support, and thus
– will make it possible to simplify the integration of engineering products in complex technical
complexes, as well as to create more favorable conditions for the entry of domestic products into
the world market.
It should be emphasized that such laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan as "On technical
regulation", "On ensuring the unity of measurements", "On accreditation in the field of
conformity assessment" clearly indicates the priority of the rules of international treaties. If an
international Treaty ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan establishes rules other than those
contained in this Law, the rules of the international Treaty shall apply.
The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On accreditation in the field of conformity
assessment" regulates public relations in the field of accreditation of conformity assessment
bodies, testing, verification, calibration laboratories (centers), legal entities engaged in
metrological certification of measurement techniques, as well as other relations related to them
in the field of conformity assessment.
The law "on accreditation in the field of conformity assessment" establishes a number of
definitions directly related to MI. Among them:
- Conformity assessment is a proof of compliance with the specified requirements for the
product, process, service, management system, personnel, measuring equipment, testing
equipment, measurement procedures by means of conformity assessment, testing, research,
measurement, verification, calibration and certification;
- objects of conformity assessment are products, processes, services, management systems,
personnel, measuring instruments, test equipment, measurement techniques, subject to
conformity assessment, research, testing, measurements, verification, calibration, certification.
The national accreditation center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NCA) is the only national
accreditation body in the field of conformity assessment, determined by the Government of the
Republic of Kazakhstan (resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on
determination of accreditation body" dated August 27, 2008 № 773). NCA carries out its
activities in accordance with:
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- The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of July 5, 2008 "on accreditation in the field of
conformity assessment»,
- ISO/IEC 17011-2006 ST RK standard (ISO / IEC 17011:2004 Conformity assessment -
general requirements for accreditation bodies accreditation conformity assessment bodies) (IDT).
Conformity assessment. General requirements for accreditation bodies, accrediting conformity
assessment bodies,
- regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of accreditation of
conformity assessment and the requirements of international organizations for accreditation.
The main documents establishing the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the SSEUM
RK, to the procedures for assessing the conformity of the MI to metrological requirements,
procedures for legalizing the use, procedures for approval of the type of MI, are also along with
the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on ensuring the unity of measurements", ST RK 2.1-2009
SSEUM of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Terms and definitions, RMG 29-99 recommendations
for interstate standardization. SSEUM. Metrology. Basic terms and definitions. State system for
ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Metrology. Basic terms and definitions, as well as
standards of RK, directly establishing the procedure for the assessment of conformity of MI.
Consider the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of management systems, establishing
principles and procedures for MI.
The Republic of Kazakhstan has adopted the national standard ST RK ISO/IEC 17025 – 2018
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:2017 "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories",
IDT), which is identical to the international standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017. It is emphasized that
in the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with the calibration of MI, their verification is widespread.
Therefore, the calibration provisions of this standard may also be referred to verification. ST RK
ISO/IEC 17025 – 2018 establishes the procedure for the use in testing and calibration laboratories
of such procedures and concepts as tools of testing, MI, measurement accuracy, measurement
uncertainty, calibration, metrological traceability.
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a signatory of the ILAC agreement to participate in
international cooperation on accreditation of laboratories, established more than 30 years ago to
reduce technical barriers to trade. ILAC is focused on the global recognition of the laboratory and
Supervisory bodies through the ILAC Agreement, thereby ensuring the recognition of the results
of tests, inspections and calibration of accompanying goods passing through national borders.
International Standard ISO 9000: 2015 "quality management Systems-Basic provisions and
dictionary/Systèmes de management de la qualité — Principes essentiels et vocabulaire" and the
corresponding national standard ST RK ISO 9000-2007 (IDT, ISO 9000:2005). Quality
management system. Basic provisions and dictionary. ISO 9000: 2005 Quality management
systems-fundamentals and vocabulary, indicate the importance of such a procedure as
metrological confirmation (metrological confirmation), which includes a set of works necessary
to ensure that the measuring equipment meets the requirements (3.6.4) to its intended use. It is
understood that Metrological confirmation usually includes calibration or conformity assessment,
any necessary adjustments or repairs, as well as subsequent recalibration, comparison with the
metrological requirements for the intended use of the equipment.
ISO 9000: 2015 establishes the obligation of the measurement management system
(measurement management system) and defines it as a set of interrelated and interacting elements
necessary to obtain metrological confirmation and continuous monitoring of measurement
processes. ISO 9000: 2015 establishes the following definitions:
- measurement process( measurement process) - a set of operations to determine the
quantitative value;
7. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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- measuring equipment - measuring instruments, software, measurement standards, reference
materials or auxiliary instruments or a combination of all these necessary to carry out the
measurement process.
ST RK ISO 9001-2016 of the quality management System. Requirements (ISO 9001: 2015
Quality management system - Requirements, IDT), like its earlier versions, also highlights the
importance of resources for monitoring and measurement and traceability of measurements.
The Eurasian economic Commission of the Eurasian economic Union (hereinafter referred
to as the EAEU EAEC) specifies the requirements for conformity assessment and ensuring the
uniformity of measurements, including in the use of MI.
The official website of the EAEU EAEC
(http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/texnreg/deptexreg/
coordination/Pages/default.aspx) gives the following definition, referred to as a SI:
a) conformity assessment-direct or indirect determination of compliance with the
requirements of the object of technical regulation;
b) uniformity of measurements - the state of measurements in which the results of these
measurements are expressed in units approved for use in the member States (EAEU), and the
indicators of measurement accuracy do not exceed the established boundaries.
Currently, the following acts of the agreed policy of the EAEU Commission in the field of
ensuring the uniformity of measurements, provided by the Treaty on the EAEU of may 29, 2014,
have been adopted and entered into force, which simplify the procedures for the recognition of
the results of metrological works and ensure the free movement of SI manufactured in the
member States of the Union. The decisions of the EAEC Board established the following
documents:
1) 21.04.2015 № 34 "On approval of the list of non-system units of quantities used in the
development of technical regulations of the Eurasian economic Union, including their
relationship with the International system of units";
2) 26.01.2016 g. № 12 " On approval of the organization of interlaboratory comparative tests
(interlaboratory comparisons)";
3) 7.06.2016, No. 21 "About approval of the Procedure of appraisal of technique (method) of
measurements taken as reference techniques (method of) measurement";
4) 26.07.2016, № 89 "On approval of the Procedure for the organization of verification of
measuring instruments";
5) 18.10.2016, No. 97 "About approval of the procedure of type approval standard sample";
6) 18.10.2016 № 98 "On approval of the procedure for approval of the type of measuring
instruments";
7) 18.10.2016 № 145 "On approval of the Rules of mutual recognition of the results of work
to ensure the unity of measurements";
8) 6.12.2016 g. № 161 "On approval Of the procedure for mutual provision of information in
the field of ensuring the unity of measurements contained in the information funds of the member
States of the Eurasian economic Union".
The establishment of uniform requirements for the recognition of the MI provides an
additional incentive to producers of MI participating countries of the EAEU EAEC.
In accordance with the Treaty on the EAEU of may 29, 2014, conformity assessment of
objects of technical regulation, established in the technical regulations of the Union, is carried
out in the forms of registration (state registration), testing, conformity assessment, examination
and (or) in another form. Mandatory conformity assessment is carried out in the forms of
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Declaration of conformity and certification and is carried out only in cases established by the
relevant technical regulations of the Union, and only for compliance with the requirements of the
technical regulations of the Union. Technical regulation is a regulatory legal act that establishes
mandatory requirements for products and (or) processes of their life cycle, developed and applied
in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of technical
regulation.
In order to ensure a unified policy for the development, registration and approval of technical
regulations and relevant regulatory documents, the following document was approved by the EEC
Board Decision No. 10 dated 24.01.2017 " on approval of the procedure for the metrological
control of the draft technical regulations of the Eurasian economic Union, the draft list of
standards, the application of which on a voluntary basis ensures compliance with the requirements
of the technical regulations of the Eurasian economic Union, the draft lists of standards containing
the rules and methods of research (tests) and measurements, including the rules of sampling,
necessary for application and execution of requirements of technical regulations of the Eurasian
economic Union and implementation of conformity assessment of objects of technical
regulation".
According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On technical regulation" confirmation
of conformity is a procedure, the result of which is a documentary evidence (in the form of a
Declaration of conformity or certificate of conformity) of compliance of the object with the
requirements established by technical regulations, standards, or the terms of contracts. samples
necessary for application and execution of requirements of technical regulations of the Eurasian
economic Union and implementation of conformity assessment of objects of technical
regulation".
The technical regulation of the EAEU is a document adopted by the EAEU EAEU establishes
the requirements for the objects of technical regulation that are mandatory for application and
execution in the territory of the Union. For example, the EAEU decision No. 877 of December
9, 2011 adopted the technical regulation of the Customs Union "On safety of wheeled vehicles"
(TR CU 018/2011), which establishes requirements for the quality of automotive products based
on the UNECE rules and regulatory requirements developed by the EAEU member States. TR
CU 019/2011 establishes a list of standards, the application of which ensures compliance with
the requirements of technical regulations. The list of standards contains rules and methods of
research (tests) and measurements. Each EEU regulation contains a special section establishing
the conceptual and terminological apparatus, including conformity assessment procedures.
In order to harmonize the basic concepts and procedures of the state unitary SSEUM of
Kazakhstan with international recommendations and requirements, as well as to improve their
legal status in the new version of the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "on ensuring the unity
of measurements" introduced concepts and procedures previously featured only in regulations
and interstate recommendations (GOST, ST RK, RMG, OIML documents, etc.). There is a
tendency to include the conceptual apparatus of the SSEI RK, which previously appeared in the
recommendations of the interstate in the normative documents of the RK. As part of the
improvement of the system of technical regulation and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
a number of concepts and procedures used in the assessment of MI compliance with regulatory
requirements and metrological standards, approved by national standards for mandatory use. ST
RK 2.1-2009 establishes the concept of " legalized MI (legal measuring instrument) as MI,
recognized as suitable and approved for use by the authorized body. To legalize the type of MI
for use in the areas of state metrological control, it is necessary to comply with the requirements
of procedures for assessing the conformity of MI. The efficiency of the procedures for the
recognition of new types of MI directly affects the modernization of production in terms of
ensuring control of the measured indicators of the quality of the products, and also depends on
9. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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the level of difficulty of the procedures themselves. The authors of this article set a goal to analyze
the dynamics of the development of the legal status of the basic concepts and procedures of the
SSEUM of Kazakhstan in the period 2000 – 2018 in relation to the assessment of compliance and
legalization of MI, as well as to practically implement these processes in the conditions of
machine - building enterprise taking into account the regulatory requirements for safety and
quality of products.
2.2. The Concept of "measuring instrument". Procedures for legalization of MI for
use.
According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On ensuring the uniformity of
measurements”, measurement instrument is a technical tool intended for making measurements
and possessing standardized metrological characteristics. With the purpose of harmonization
within the framework of Eurasian Economic Union and in accordance with definition outlined in
the Protocol of conducting coordinated policy in the field of measurement unity assurance of
EAEU, the altered project of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On ensuring the unity of
measurements” defines MI as technical tool intended for conducting measurements and
possessing metrological characteristics. According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On
ensuring the uniformity of measurements” the reference model of a value unit is MM intended
for replication and (or) storage of value unit (divisional or fractional values of value unit) with
the purpose of transferring its value to other MM of this value, asserted in an order set by
authorized legal entity.
The draft of the new Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On ensuring the uniformity of
measurements” defines attribution of standard samples of contents and characteristics of
substances and materials, as well as the measurement systems, which was before defined by
normative requirements of RK. ST RK 2.1 – 2009 normatively sets definitions of concepts
“means of measurement technics”, “measurement technic” as generalizing concepts, covering
technical means which are specially intended for making measurements. The means of
measurement technics also include measurement means and their sets (measurement systems,
measuring installations), measuring implements, measuring devices. ST RK 2.1 - 2009 spreads
the definition of MI on technical means depending on their performance and appliance. For
instance, a) measuring device -- MI, intended for obtaining values of a measured physical
quantity on a set scale; b) measuring installation - a set of functionally connected measures,
measuring devices, measuring transducers and other devices intended for measuring one or
several physical quantities and located in one spot; c) measuring system (MS) a set of
functionally connected measures, measuring devices, measuring transducers, ECM and other
technical means, located in different spots of a controlled object with the aim of measuring one
or several physical values common to that object and producing measurement signals for different
purposes.
Practical goal of MI appliance is measurement of quality and safety indexes of products
in the process of conducting different tests. Testing often requires the use of both measuring
systems and measuring installations, including both MI and supplemental technical means.
Interstate standard GOST 16504-81 System of state production tests. Product testing and quality
control. General terms and definitions sets the terms of the main concepts in the fields of product
testing and quality control, which are used in science, technics and manufacture. This standard
normatively sets a number of concepts and procedures, which are directly related to MI use:
- testing is an experimental definition of quantitative and (or) qualitative characteristics of a
test object as a result of an action directed onto it with its functioning, in the process of modelling
an object and (or) an action;
- testing means – technical device, substance and (or) material for conducting tests;
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- testing equipment – testing means which is represented by a technical device for replicating
test conditions.
ST RK 2.75 – 2009 SSEUM RK. Order of attestation of test equipment is set by definition
of “test equipment” as technical means, intended for replication of influence conditions with
standardized metrological characteristics. Test equipment also includes testing and diagnostics
equipment. ST RK 2.75 – 2009 defines concept of “standardized metrological characteristics of
test equipment” as characteristics regulated by normative documents, defining capabilities of test
equipment to replicate and support levels and conditions of tests in set ranges, with required
precision and stability, for a specific period.
International OIML document D 1 2012. Considerations for a Law on Metrology (Basic
provisions for the law on Metrology) establishes the concept of "conformity assessment of MI"
and introduces recommendations for conformity assessment procedures. Compliance procedures
are usually required for the execution of regulatory documents. Conformity assessment may be
required:
a) at the stage of MI designing;
b) at the stage of manufacturing SI or packaged goods, before placing them on the market;
c) at the stage of installation and commissioning;
d) at the stage of repair of MI, before repeated introduction in action;
e) during the entire service life of the MI.
According to the International document OIML D 1 2012 Considerations for a Law on
Metrology, the procedures of conformity assessment must be defined by the corresponding
directive document, in execution of Law on Metrology. It is recommended that the procedures of
conformity assessment are defined in consistency with the guide, referenced in corresponding
OIML publications. It is recommended that in the course of development of national procedures
of conformity assessment of MI, the OIML system of certification is taken into account. If the
procedures of conformity assessment of another country correspond to Documents and
Recommendations of OIML and if they have references to requirements of OIML, those national
procedures of conformity assessment must consider OIML documents in the course of
acknowledgement or recognition of results. The decision about acknowledgement of OIML
certification system or foreign conformity assessment, equivalent to national evaluation of
compliance, must be taken by national authority in the field of legal metrology (National Institute
of Legal Metrology). The decision to take and use the results of OIML certification system or
foreign evaluations of compliance must be taken by the authorities which are responsible for
corresponding national procedures of compliance evaluation.
Procedures of conformity assessment which are applied within the framework of
realization of normative documents, must fully comply with the procedures depicted in
corresponding publications of OIML. CMP may solve the matter of acknowledgement of
international or foreign system of certification, if they provide similar level of trust to
measurement results. Authorities, which are responsible for activities of evaluation of
compliance, may make decision, accept and use in their work the results of international
compliance evaluation system on condition that the level of trust to their results is acknowledged
equivalent to the level of one’s own procedures. There are probable procedures of conformity
assessment usually presented in OIML recommendations.
International document OIML D 1 2012 Considerations for a Law on Metrology defines
recommendations in regards to MI, which are subject to legal control. For instance, those are the
violations:
- Use of MI (except for the cases of personal use), which are not presented for legal control;
11. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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- Repair or set up of adjusted MI without necessary permissions;
- Removal of label, seal or brand from scale device or MM without obtaining official
permission for it from the authorized legal body.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with international standards and
recommendations developed by the recognition of SI and an appropriate system of assessment
and verification of conformity of SI.
ISO 9000: 2015 indicates that conformity assessment (verification) is a confirmation by
obtaining objective evidence that specified requirements have been performed.
For the purposes of type approval and compliance with the approved type, tests for
metrological certification of MI are assigned to the state scientific metrological center of the
Committee of technical Regulation and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter -
SCMC). This institution is "KazInMetr" (Astana).
There are normatively set requirements to acknowledgement of technical means as MI and
MI type approval. So, the order of the Minister of Industry and Trade of the Republic of
Kazakhstan from November 12, 2009, № 312, the “Rules of setting belonging of technical means
to MI”. The same year, the status of this procedure was normatively formulated and approved in
a form of national standard, which increased its status and field of application in SSEUM RK. ST
RK 2.178-2009 Detection of relation of technical means to MI. General provisions contains
general provisions of detecting relation of technical means to MI. Technical means – equipment
(device), which is intended for some specific technical functions. MM is technical means
intended for making measurements and having standardized metrological characteristics. The
criteria of inclusion of technical means into the group of MI, which are absent from the register
of National Measurement System (hereinafter NMS), are:
- Conducting measurements with standardized accuracy;
- Presence of metrological characteristics in accordance with GOST 8.009-87 SSEUM.
Standardized metrological characteristics of measurement means. ST RK 2.178-2009 refers to
ST RK 2.42-2002 SSEUM RK. Measurement types. Classification with the purpose of defining
MI application by types of measurements. ST RK 2.178-2009 defines the following tasks of
detecting relation of technical means to MI. This detection of MM from a set of incoming and
produced technical means and implementation of works of bringing MM into consistency with
legislation in the field of measurement unity assurance by means of conducting tests with the
purpose of approving type, metrological attestation, verification/calibration of measurement
means according to ST RK 2.21 – 2017, ST RK 2.30 – 2017, ST RK 2.4 – 2017, ST RK 2.12 –
2013.
ST RK 2.21-2007 SSEUM RK. Order of conducting tests and approval of MI type defines
general requirements to organization and order of conducting tests and approving a type of MI.
The standard is also applicable to MI, which are intended for serial manufacture on the territory
of the Republic of Kazakhstan or import to the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan in bulks.
It is necessary to note that tests with the purpose of approving a type are a target process of
defining all the characteristics of a MM type, and type approval is a solution, based on data
received as the result of conducting tests, which would allow import and production of a specific
MI type. The order of type approval includes requirements of the following regulatory
documents:
RMG 67-2004 Description of MI type for national register of MI. Structure, exposition,
formulation and contents;
ST RK 2.6-2003 Programmes of tests for the purposes of approving MM type. Main
requirements;
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ST RK 2.63-2003 SSEUM RK. Techniques of MM verification. Order of development,
approval and application.
Certificate of acknowledgement of MI type approval is a final document in the procedure of
MI type approval. But in order to use MI in the field of state metrological control, MM is to pass
procedure of verification according to the requirements of ST RK 2.4 – 2017 and possess an
active certificate of MI verification.
ST RK 2.30-2007 SSEUM RK. Order of conducting metrological attestation of MM defines
the order of metrological attestation for MI which are imported or manufactured on the territory
of the Republic in single units (not more than three MI from one applicant during a year) and
applied in the field of conducting state metrological control. Techniques of verification are
developed and formulated also with consideration of requirements of ST RK 2.63 – 2003.
Certificate of metrological attestation of MI legalizes the use of this type of MI as MI in the field
of state metrological control. The procedure of metrological attestation is comfortable since the
certificate of metrological attestation of MI is also a document, which confirms initial check on
compliance to requirements of ST RK 2.4 – 2017. After conducting procedures of adopting a type
of MI or metrological attestation, user can apply MI to measure objects in the field of state
metrological control, as well as for the procedures of evaluating MI compliance with metrological
norms, including calibration and verification.
It is necessary to note that testing equipment is also a subject to evaluation of compliance.
GOST 16504-81 indicates that attestation of testing equipment is defining standardized precision
characteristics of test equipment, their compliance with the requirements of normative and
technical documentation and definition of its applicability for exploitation. ST RK 2.75-2009 sets
general provisions and order of conducting attestation of test equipment. MI used in a set of test
equipment must be listed in the register of SSEUM RK based on test results with the purpose of
adopting a type in accordance with ST RK 2.21-2017 or ST RK 2.30-2017 and verification in
accordance with ST RK 2.4-2017. Testing, verification and calibration of MI included in a set of
testing equipment is conducted in accordance with acting normative documents and methods of
verification (calibration) of MI.
The documents setting the order of acknowledgement of MI, which are produced in countries
of the Commonwealth of Independent States and EAEC, are being developed by these countries
within the framework of cooperation. RMG 06-2001 “Order of acknowledgement of test results
and type adoption, verification, metrological attestation of measurement means”, ST RK 2.40-
2002 SSEUM RK. Order of acknowledgement of MI primary verification (calibration) results
conducted by foreign metrological organizations, Burabai Agreement from 29.05.2015 set the
order of mutual acknowledgement of test results with the purpose of type adoption, metrological
attestation, verification and calibration of measurement means, produced in the countries
participating in the Agreement.
The matter of acknowledgement of test results of MI types, which are manufactured in
countries that do not partake in Burabai Agreement from 29.05.2015 is still sensitive. Due to the
fact that the procedure of organizing and conducting tests of MI for type adoption is sufficiently
time consuming and cost-intensive, the question of tacit acknowledgement of test results of MI,
which are manufactured in the countries of EU and Japan. Timeliness of acknowledgement of
new MI types has direct influence of modernization of manufacture in the part of providing
control of measured indexes of product quality.
According to acting procedures of evaluation and confirmation of MI and test equipment
compliance, the authors of this article conducted work on metrological attestation of test stand
equipment, used for conducting management of standardized parameters of safety and quality of
products of automobile manufacture, for compliance with the requirements of CU TR018/2011
“On safety of wheel-type transport”, in settings of mechanical engineering enterprise LLP
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“SaryarkaAutoProm” (Kostanay city, Republic of Kazakhstan). The availability of certified
testing base is a compulsory requirement in the process of procedure of acknowledgement of
compliance of automobile manufacturing enterprise with regulative norms and obtaining
approval for a type of transport, which is given by an authority of compliance confirmation.
2.3. Calibration system of measuring instruments in the Republic of Kazakhstan
According to OIML recommendations, not only the procedures of MI type acknowledgement
must be set during the stage of design and manufacturing, but also the procedures that regulate
evaluation of compliance of MI during the maintenance period, before repeated placement into
service, during the lifetime of MI.
One of the procedures of quality evaluation of MI work and precision is calibration. Let us
follow normative and legal status of the concept of “MI calibration” in the Republic of
Kazakhstan since the year 2000. According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On
ensuring the unity of measurements”, MI calibration is a set of operations, which enable the
balance between the value of a quantity obtained with this MI, and corresponding value of a
quantity, defined with the help of a reference model, with the purpose of defining actual values
of metrological characteristics of a reference model of a unit of measurement of MI, which is not
subject to state metrological control.
ST RK 2.12-2006 System of calibration of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Calibration of
measurement means. Organization and order of conducting, which is now obsolete, was
terminologically based on the requirements of ST RK 2.1-2000 SSEUM RK. Terms and
definitions. ST RK ISO/IEC 17025-2001 General requirements to competency of testing and
calibration laboratories and law definition.
At this moment, the status of MI calibration procedure is altered and added upon with
normative requirements of RK, OIML and ISO recommendations. ST RK 2.12-2013 (OIML R
7-1989, OIML R 1-100-2008, ISO/IEC 17025-2001, NEQ) SSEUM RK. System of calibration
of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Calibration of measurement means. Organization and order of
conducting was adopted in 2013. The contents of the standard is also based of recommendations
of the International Organization of Legal Metrology and expanded with additional requirements.
ST RK 2.12-2013 especially points out evaluation of uncertainty as a separate procedure.
According to 2.12-2013, calibration laboratory must possess and apply procedure of uncertainty
evaluation in every type of calibration in accordance with ST RK 2.184-2010 SSEUM RK.
Evaluation of uncertainly in the course of calibration/verification MI. The requirements of ST
RK 2.179-2009 SSEUM RK. Inter-calibration gaps of measurement means. Methods of
definition are included in ST RK 2.12-2013. Calibration of MI is conducted with the use of
reference models, simultaneously subordinate to state reference models of quantities, in as order,
which is defined by manufacturer, owner of user of these measurement means. ST RK 2.12-2013
is based on requirement of the Guide on expressing uncertainty of measurement, published by
IUPAC, IEC, YUPAP, ISO, IUPAC/IUPAP and OIML – 1993.
According to ST RK 2.12-2013, calibration laboratories, which are certified in voluntary
order in the field of evaluation of compliance to requirements for conducting calibration of MI in
accordance with ST RK ISO/IEC 17025, can conduct calibration on contract basis for third-party
organizations. In the process of MI calibration, the following tasks are addressed;
- The requirements to MI calibrated are set (to metrological characteristics);
- Methods and means of calibration are defined;
- Traceability of MI calibrated to state reference models of Kazakhstan is enabled;
- The actual values of metrological characteristics of measurement means are defined
according to calibration results.
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Calibration results allow to define:
- The actual values of a quantity measured;
- Corrections to readings of MI;
- MI error margin.
The law "On accreditation in the field of conformity assessment" defines a calibration
laboratory (center) as a legal entity or a structural unit of a legal entity acting on its behalf,
performing calibration of measuring instruments.
ST RK ISO / IEC 17025 – 2018 establishes General requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories. It is emphasized that in the Republic of Kazakhstan, along
with the calibration of MI, their verification (poverka) is widespread.
In accordance with the plan of state standardization for the years 2018-2020, with
consideration of changes from 12.12.2017 № 358-OD, the project ST RK 2.11 RK calibration
system. General provisions is in consideration at the moment. This project of the standard sets
general provisions of organization of structure and functions of RK calibration system (herein
after – RK CS), rights and obligations of organizations, which participate as voluntary members,
regardless of their forms of ownership.
Project of ST RK 2.11 sets definition of RK CS as a number of subjects of activities and
calibration works, aimed at provision of measurement unity in the fields, which are not subject
to state metrological control and acting on the basis of the set requirements to organization and
conducting calibration works.
According to the project of ST RK 2.11, the organizational structure of RK CS includes:
authorized legal entity, SSMC, accreditation authority, Metrological Council, metrological
services of legal entities, which conduct calibrations, accredited calibration laboratories and other
parties, which conduct works in the field of MI calibration and apply calibrated MI. It is necessary
to note that with the purpose of interaction with the subjects of technical regulation, RK CS also
normatively possesses rights Metrological Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, adopted by
the Order of the Chairman of Committee of technical regulation and metrology of the Republic
of Kazakhstan.
The specification of the field of application of calibration was excluded from the project of
the new law with the purpose of enlarging the field of application of MI calibration procedure, in
particular, "MI, which is not subject to state metrological control", considering that this norm has
no direct relation to the concept of calibration and is defined in another article.
In accordance with the plan of state standardization for the years 2018-2020, with
consideration of changes from 12.12.2017 № 358-OD, contents of the standard ST RK 2.12-
2013 will also be corrected and added upon. The pilot version of the standard is being developed
with consideration of the requirements of the international normative documents OIML P 7 -
1989 "Guide on calibration", ISO/IEC, 17025-2001 General requirements to competency of
testing and calibration laboratories, P 1 - 100-2008 "Guide on expressing uncertainty of
measurement" and Recommendations of COOMET R/GM/15:2007 "Order of calibration
certificate formalization, issued by national metrological institutes within the framework of
CIPM MRA".
It is necessary to note that the contents of the standard gets more strict in the part of
requirements to MI type adoption. For instance, it is pointed out that MM, which may voluntarily
be subject to calibration, must possess a type that is adopted and is subject to verification. It is
separately noted that the state reference models of units of measurement and reference models of
units of measurement are subject to calibration. Calibration of reference models of values of
quantities and measurement means is conducted by the State Scientific Metrological Centre and
15. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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legal bodies (calibration laboratories), which are accredited in voluntary order. The normative
reference list of the project includes corresponding and acting ND, including ST RK 2.11-2013
State system of ensuring unity of measurement of the Republic of Kazakhstan. System of
calibration of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Main provisions, ST RK 2.3-2009 SSEUM RK.
Reference models of units of measurement. General provisions, order of formulation, adoption,
storage and application.
The authors of this article made proposals in the form of an official request to the SSMC
Committee of technical regulation and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the need to
Supplement the content of the project standard ST RK 2.12 a number of references to the national
standards used. It is also indicated that it is necessary to use the calibration procedure in respect
of MI used outside the scope of state metrological control, after establishing the ownership of
technical means in accordance with the current procedures. This greatly expands the scope of the
MI calibration procedure. It is also noted that for the purpose of harmonization of the status of
calibration procedure, it is necessary to give it a value, with which separate types of MI, having
only passed calibration, may be used for measurements in the field of state metrological control.
It is also necessary to define types of MI, calibration of which allows its application in
measurement process in the field of state metrological control, within the framework of specific
branch documents.
Such terms as "calibration technique" and "calibration method" are missing in the acting RK
law "On ensuring the unity of measurements" and are present in ST RK 2.12-2013. According to
the standard, they are defined as:
- calibration technique is a document depicting the order and rules of conducting MI
calibration;
- method of calibration is a method of transferring value of a unit of measurement from
calibration means to measurement means calibrated.
The concept of "calibration technique" is included into the project of the new law of the
Republic of Kazakhstan " On ensuring of unity of measurement " with the purpose of creating
conditions for calibration and its methodical provision. It was missing before in this law. The
definition, according to the new project of the law, will be "a document, defining order and
procedures of behavior of calibration of reference model of unit of measurement of measurement
means". This specification of conceptual construct in accordance with the inclusion of calibration
techniques in a set of objects of the system of ensuring unified measurement, which is conducted
with the purpose of metrological provision of calibration works.
The project of the new law of RK "On ensuring the unity of measurements" significantly
broadens the opportunities for application of calibration techniques. Inclusion of calibration
techniques and order of their application into a set of object of the system of ensuring unity of
measurement creates conditions for development of calibration and its methodological
provisions. According to RK law project " On ensuring of unity of measurement ":
1. Techniques of calibration are used for conducting operations of defining actual values of
metrological characteristics of reference models of units of measurement and measurement
means.
2. Techniques of calibration are developed and adopted by legal entities, which conduct
calibration of reference models of units of measurement and measurement means in an order
defined by an authorized agency.
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2.4. System of the organization of verification of measuring instruments. Transfer
of measuring instruments to the category of indicators
There is a necessity for distinct differentiation between procedures such as "MI verification" and
"MI calibration".
The goal of verification, Russian equivalent – poverka, is to find out if characteristics of a
given MI comply with the standardized values and whether or not it is applicable. Calibration of
MI is a set of operations, which are conducted with the purpose of defining actual values of
metrological characteristics of MI.
The status of the MI verification procedure and its importance is emphasized by a number of
legal documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "On ensuring the unity of measurements", ST RK 2.1 – 2009, ST RK 2.4–2017,
verification is a set of operations performed by the state metrological service or other accredited
legal entities in order to determine and confirm the compliance of MI with the established
technical and metrological requirements.
The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of November 9, 2004 N 603 "On technical regulation"
establishes the following definitions:
- confirmation of compliance is a procedure that results in a documentary evidence (in the
form of a Declaration of conformity or certificate of conformity) of compliance of an object with
the requirements established by technical regulations, standards, or terms of contracts;
- form of confirmation of compliance - a set of actions, the results of which are considered
as evidence of compliance of products, services with the requirements established by technical
regulations, standards or contracts.
According to ST RK 2.4–2017 verification of MI is carried out in order to confirm the
compliance of MI with the established technical and metrological requirements, as well as to
establish their suitability for use. ST RK 2.1-2009 establishes for the term "verification" the
following equivalent in the English language verification (of a measuring instrument).
In the Republic of Kazakhstan verification of MI is the main and main procedure in practical
reflection of compliance of MI to metrological and technical requirements. SI, passed the
verification procedure, may be used in the field of state metrological supervision.
Such normative documents as ST RK 2.4-2017, ST RK 2.21-2017, ST RK 2.30 establish the
procedure of conformity assessment and forms of conformity in respect of MI. It is established
by law and regulations that MI applied in the sphere of state metrological control shall be subject
to verification upon release from production or repair, operation and import after approval of their
type or metrological certification and registration in the register of SSOEM of the Republic of
Kazakhstan (hereinafter - the register of SSOEM of RK). SI, used in the field of state metrological
control, can be verified at the request of the owner in the presence of them in the register of
SSEUM RK.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, MI verification is a base and main procedure in practical
reflection of compliance of MI to metrological and technical requirements. MI, which passed
verification procedure, may be used in the field of state metrological control.
ST RK 2.4-2017, just as the before acting ST RK 2.4-2000, ST RK 2.4-2007, sets general
requirements to organization and order of conducting verification of measurement means, which
are manufactured on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or imported to the territory of
the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as released from maintenance and in the process of
exploitation and in storage. ST RK 2.4-2017, in the part of verification is also applicable to the
reference models of units of measurements, which are also MI, intended for replication or storage
of a unit of measurement.
17. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
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In the process of conducting verification of MI, the traceability of the applied reference
models to the state reference models of units of measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or
to National reference etalon of other countries, is to be demonstrated.
Verification is carried out in accredited laboratories. ST RK ISO / IEC 17025 – 2018
establishes General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. It is
emphasized that in the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with the calibration of MI, their verification
is widespread.
It is legally and normatively defined that MI, which are used in the field of state
metrological control, after the issue from maintenance of manufacture, exploitation or import
after their type approval or metrological certification and registration in the register of SSEUM
of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter SSEUM RK). MI, which are used in the field of state
metrological control, may be verified on the application of the owner providing that they are in
the register of SSEUM RK.
The requirements to MI, which are subject to verification, are defined. MM that are
subject to the initial verification are the ones manufactured on the territory of the Republic of
Kazakhstan or imported to the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, passed tests for the
purpose of their type approval and for compliance to the approved type in accordance with ST
RK 2.21-2017, or metrological attestation according to ST RK 2.30-2017 and added into the
register of SSEUM RK, and issued from maintenance. MM, which are imported to the territory
of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not subject to initial verification in the Republic of Kazakhstan,
when the results of verification, which was conducted in other country, are acknowledged by an
authorized agency in accordance with the international Agreement in order, which is defined in
accordance with the Agreement about Eurasian Economical Union from 29.05.2014, ST RK
2.40-2002 and other normative documents, which are developed for the purpose of realization of
international agreements.
The decision of committee of EAEC EAEU from 26.07.2016 № 89 "On approval of the
Order of MM verification organization", developed in accordance with the protocol of conducting
agreed policy in the field of providing unity of measurement (appendix № 10 to the Agreement
about Eurasian Economic Union from 29.05.2014), defines rules of organization of MI
verification in the EAEU member-states (herein after correspondingly - verification, member-
states) and applied to MI, which are manufactured on the territories of the member-states. This
decision is harmonized with the requirements of SSEUM of the member-states and significantly
simplifies procedures of approval of MI compliance, which are manufactured in this decision
signatory countries.
Every unit of MI is subject to initial verification. The form of MI verification schedule
has transformed from recommended, in accordance with the version of ST RK 2.4-2007, into
mandatory, in accordance with ST RK 2.4-2017. The requirements to following terms of
organizing conduction of verification of MI and report making on MI verification schedule are
found traceable.
ST RK 2.63-2003 Techniques of measurement verification. Order of development,
approval and application - defines order of development, approval and application of documents,
which regulate techniques of verification, their contents and order of formulation. The
requirements of ST RK 2.63-2003 are mandatory for state metrological service, state
management agencies, private individuals and legal entities, which conduct their activities in the
field of providing unity of measurement. At the same time, techniques of measurement may be
developed in a form of state standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or separate documents (for
instance, verification instructions) within the framework of operational documentation or
chapters of such documents (for instance, exploitation instructions).
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General difference of calibration from verification is the fact that calibration is not related
to the procedures of compliance confirmation. Only verification is a confirmation of compliance,
and calibration only defines actual values of metrological characteristics and is more of a research
work.
In the technical plane, the procedures of calibration and verification are similar and are
down to the definition of MI error margin with the use of reference model, which is why the term
"legal calibration" is more often used abroad instead of the term "verification". As a rule, in the
absence of special techniques, calibration is conducted according to techniques of verification for
calibrated or analogous MI. However, calibration may differ from verification both in the
direction of simplification, and the increasing complexity of procedure. In the course of
calibration, it is valid to set a problem of defining characteristics of MI error only in one point of
the range of measurement and under conditions, which differ from normal.
Due to the fact that in most industrially developed countries of EU, the procedure of
calibration is used as a procedure of evaluation of quality of MI work, its readings' compliance
to metrological standards, there is consideration of the matter about broadening application of
calibration of MI in the fields of state metrological control along with verification in accordance
with branch requirements. At this moment, MI, which are not intended for application in the field
of state metrological control, are subject for calibration. The new project of the law contains
statement, which allows the use of the results of calibration in the course of conducting MI
verification. The results of calibration of MI, which was conducted by accredited legal entity (in
accordance with the legislation about accreditation in the field of compliance evaluation of the
Republic of Kazakhstan), may be used in the process of MI verification in order, which is
provisioned for by an authorized agency.
At this point, MI verification remains the main procedure of quality evaluation of MI
readings, which are used in subordinate field. ST RK 2.4-2017 states that MM, which are not
subject to verification, may be voluntarily calibrated.
It is once again necessary to note the importance of raising the status of calibration
procedure for MI, which are used in the field of state metrological control. It is necessary to define
within specific branch document, the types of MI, calibration of which provisions for their
application in measurements conducted within state metrological control. At the same time,
acknowledgement of MI and application via procedure of conducting tests with the purpose of
type approval of metrological attestation is still a mandatory condition.
The procedure of transfer of MI to a detector, which allows legal use of MI without
restriction to numerical values, according to ST RK 2.8-2002 State system for ensuring unity of
measurement of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Order of MI to detector transfer. This standard
covers MI, which are used only for observation for presence and change of values without
evaluation of their quantities in units of physical values with standardized accuracy.
ST RK 2.8-2002 defines that MI, which are intended for detecting presence of some
physical quantity or applied for observation of changes of physical quantities without evaluation
of their values in units of measurements with standardized accuracy, may be attributed to a class
of detectors. For the organizations, which use MI as detectors, it is very convenient that MI used
as detectors are not subject to verification. At the same time, transfer of MI into a class of
detectors is conducted by metrological service of state management authority, individual or legal
entity or in case of its absence, by authorized person, which is entrusted with metrological control
on the state of MI and indications. The responsibility for MI transfer to a class of detectors relies
upon organization executive.
Due to the plan of reworking national standards of SSEUM RK, the authors of this article
have formulated suggestions in the form of an official request to SSMC of the Committee of
Technical Control and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This may lead to significant
19. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
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financial expenses and major difficulties in the work of manufacturing organizations in the field
of metrological provision.
2.5. Assessment of uncertainty in the procedures of conformity and confirmation
MI
The next issue related to the establishment of qualitative indicators of MI is the procedure for
assessing uncertainty.
The other matter related to definition of quality indexes of MI is the procedure of
uncertainty evaluation. The procedure of uncertainty evaluation, including evaluation of
uncertainty in the course of assessment of MI compliance with metrological requirements, have
been significantly changed in its normative and legal status of SSEUM RK, starting from
recommended forms to mandatory procedure. Nowadays, uncertainty of measurement is an index
of measurement quality, complying to the existing requirements of industry, science and trade.
The concept of uncertainty continues its development in a number of documents, which were
published by specially assembled working group at JCGM, as well as numerous documents,
published by different international and regional metrological organizations. The concept of
uncertainty has distinct theoretical foundation and suggests different approaches to evaluation of
uncertainty depending on the specifics of measurement tasks. At the same time, it is possible to
trace dynamics of measuring normative and legal status of uncertainty evaluation procedure on
the examples of the following documents, which are applicable in RK.
In 1993, the "Guide on expressing uncertainty of measurement" was published under the
authority of BIPM, IEC, ISO, OIML, IUPAC/IUPAP and IFCC. According to the interstate
recommendations 43-2001, approved by Interstate Committee on Statdardization, Metrology and
Certification in 2001, uncertainty (of measurement) is a parameter related to the result of
measurement and characterizing dispersion of values, which could otherwise be reasonably
attributed to a measured value.
Evaluation of uncertainty in RK has been considered as mandatory procedure only under
condition of conducting certaing specific works in the field of evaluation of quality of MM work.
ST RK 2.12-2006 System of calibration of the Republic of Kazakhstan gave the following
definition of the term "uncertainty of measurement" - a parameter, which is related to the results
of measurement and characterizing dispersion of values, which could otherwise be attributed to
a measured value.
In 2008, the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), also including such
organizations as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), International Federation
of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), International Standardization Organization (ISO), International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
(IUPAP), International Organizaton of Legal Metrology (OIML), have prepared and leganized
the basic document of expressing uncertainty in the course of taking measurements - "Evaluation
of measurement data - Guide to expression of uncertainty in measurement" JCGM 100:2008
GUM 1995 with minor corrections. (Copyright of this document is shared jointly by the JCGM
member organizations, including BIPM, IEC, IFCC,ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP and OIML).
In 2009, JCGM prepared and approved the following versions of guides for evaluation of
uncertainty:
а) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 "Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression
of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995)"
б) ISO/IEC Guide 98-1:2009 "Uncertainty of measurement - Part 1: Introduction to the
expression of uncertainty in measurement"
20. Chashkov V.N., Salykova O.S., Salykov B.R., Ivanova I.V., Baganov N.A and Binyukov Y.V
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At this moment, JCGM continues works on development of the new documents in the
field of uncertainty evaluation.
In 2010, ST RK 2.184-2010 "Evaluation of uncertainty in the course of
calibration/verification of measurement means (EA-04/02-1999, NEQ)" was approved, it defines
order and ways of evaluation of uncertainty in the process of verification/calibration of
measurement means and is applied to evaluation methods for testing measurement results
accuracy and containg recommendations on evaluation of uncertainty of measurement in the
process of verification/calibration of measurement means. There are also works on
acknowledgement of uncertainty evaluation documents conducted in Russian Federation, as in
one of JCGM participating country, and one of the most important trade partners of the Republic
of Kazakhstan. According to GOTS R 54500.1-2011/ ISO/IEC Guide 98-1;2009 National
Standard of Russian Federation. Uncertainty of Measurement. Part 1 "Introduction to guides on
uncertainty in Measurement", the uncertainty of measurement is a general concept, related to any
measurement, which is used when it is necessary to make substantiated decisions in different
fields of practical activity and theoretical research. As the permits in the framework of
technological processes visibly become more and more strict, the role of uncertainty of
measurement in the process of evaluation of compliance to those permits also increases. The
uncertainty of measurement plays the main role in the process of quality evaluation within quality
standards.
ST RK 2.12-2013 in the part of "Terms and Definitions" does not contain the term
"evaluation of uncertainty", but it especially outlines uncertainty evaluation as a separate
mandatory procedure. According to 2.12-2013, calibration laboratory must possess and apply
procedure of evaluation of uncertainty of measurement in any type of calibration in accordance
with ST RK 2.184-2010 "SSEUD RK. Evaluation of uncertainty in calibration/verification of
MM". ST RK 2.12-2013 is also based on requirements of Guidelines on expressing measurement
uncertainty, published by BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML-1993. There are actual
values of metrological characteristics indicated in calibration certificate, along with metrological
traceability of measurement, uncertainty of measurement and/or statement of compliance to
specific metrological characteristics.
According to ST RK 2.4-2017 SSEUM RK. MM verification. Organization and order of
contractor application, the results are presented with indication of measurement uncertainty
evaluation.
The project of the new RK law includes the concept of uncertainty evaluation for the
purpose of harmonization with the international requirements, aimed at provision of the
international acknowledgement of measurement results and calibration certificates, and sets the
following definition, corresponding to the definition of the Interstate Standardization
Recommendations 43-2001: Uncertainty of measurement, parameter related to the result of
measurement and characterizing the dispersion of values, which could otherwise be attributed to
a measured quantity.
The legal status of the term "measurement uncertainty" is certainly lifted after its inclusion
into the law. This high lightens its importance and indicates the necessity of conducting
procedures of provision of requirement compliance to the use of calculations of uncertainty
evaluation in practice. With the purpose of increasing the rate of implementation and
development of this procedure in RK, it is necessary to conduct quick-time events on
implementation of the above-management guides, adopted by the Joint Committee for Guides in
Metrology (JCGM).
21. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
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2.6. Metrological traceability. Traceability of measurements
The international document OIML D 1 2012. Considerations for a Law on Metrology defines
such concept as "Metrological traceability". According to p. 3.1.2 metrological traceability is a
property of a result of measurement, according to which the result may be correlated with the
basis for comparison via documented and ongoing chain of calibrations, each of which
contributes to uncertainty of measurement.
Traceability of measurement results is established in the interest of free trade and to avoid
problems that may be perceived by other countries or the WTO as technical barriers to trade.
National traceability requirements should be clearly spelled out. Ideally, traceability should
always be specified as corresponding to the SI system, established through the implementation
of the relevant units and quantities available in national Metrology institutes or in Metrology
institutes of other countries, and not in relation to a particular Metrology Institute.
The international document OIML D 1 2012. Considerations for a Law on Metrology
indicates that normative documents, which are related to measurement, responsibility of official
agencies, manufacturers, users, trustworthiness of the results of measurement requires the
indication of uncertainty, environmental conditions, confirmation of traceability, etc.
ILAC published guidance documents on traceability of measurement results: ILAC –
P10:2013 – ILAC policy on traceability of measurement results.
Traceability of measuring and testing equipment in relation to national standards, through
verification (calibration), is necessary in view of the growing national and international
requirement that the parts produced should be interchangeable; supplier firms that produce
products and consumers who install them with other parts should measure using "the same
measurement system".
The manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate, by reference to a systematic and fully
documented system, that appropriate measuring and testing equipment has been selected that has
been in appropriate working condition and used correctly for product inspection.
The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On accreditation" defines that testing, verification,
calibration laboratories (centers) must ensure traceability of measurements by obtaining the sizes
of units from the state standards of units in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of
Kazakhstan on ensuring the unity of measurements, in case of their absence – from the national
standards of units of values of other countries.
Traceability of measurements (Metrological traceability) is a property of measurement result
or norm value, on the basis of which it (result, value) can be attributed to established standards,
as a rule, to national or international standards, through an indissoluble chain of comparisons,
each of which is characterized by an established measurement uncertainty.
The importance of practical importance of traceability of measurements emphasizes LLP
"National Center of Accreditation" of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has defined a policy in
the field of traceability N 01-07.04 (http://www.nca.kz) and is guided by it in its activities.
ST RK ISO / IEC 17011 - the bodies performing assessment and accreditation of conformity
assessment bodies establishes that the accreditation body shall inform applicants and subjects of
accreditation on ways of achievement of traceability of results of measurements received
according to their area of accreditation.
In accordance with ST RK ISO/IEC 17025-2018 "General requirements for the competence
of testing and calibration laboratories" calibration (calibration) laboratories are obliged to
establish the traceability of their own standards of units of physical quantities and measuring
instruments in SI units by means of an indissoluble chain of verification (calibration) or
comparisons linking them with state standards.
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Laboratories provide traceability directly from the SSC or from the verification (calibration)
laboratory, which will demonstrate competence, measurement capabilities and traceability.
Traceability (reference to standards) implies that the measurement can be correlated with a
national or international standard and that the relationship is documented. The concept of
traceability is important because it makes it possible to compare the accuracy of measurements
according to a standardized measurement uncertainty assessment procedure.
In the ISO 99 manual, metrological traceability is defined as "the property of the measurement
result according to which the result can be correlated with the basis for comparison through a
documented continuous chain of calibrations, each of which contributes to the uncertainty of the
measurements
According to ST RK ISO/IEC 17025-2018 the laboratory shall provide traceability of
measurement results to the International system of units (SI) by:
(a) calibration; provided by a competent laboratory; or
(b) certified values of certified reference materials with specified metrological traceability to
MI; or
(C) direct implementation of SI units by comparison, directly or indirectly, with national or
international standards.
If metrological traceability to SI unit is not technically possible, the laboratory shall
demonstrate metrological traceability to the relevant standard, for example:
(a) certified value of a certified reference standard from a competent manufacturer;
(b) measurement results obtained by reference measurement techniques, established methods
or agreed standards, which are clearly described and recognized as giving measurements suitable
for their intended use and provided with a suitable comparison.
The project of the new law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On ensuring the unity of
measurement" introduces the concept of metrological traceability. It is the property of
measurement result to provide opportunity for its connection with corresponding measuring
reference models, state or international, via comparison of measurement units reference models,
calibration of reference models, verification, calibration of MI. This concept was introduced due
to the necessity of specification of conceptual construct, in accordance with the introduction of
the norms, which regulate order of providing traceability of MI and reference models of the units
of measurement in RK, into the RK law " On ensuring the unity of measurement".
The project of the new RK law " On ensuring the unity of measurement" defines that
reference models of units of measurement must be metrologically traceable to the state reference
models of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and in case of their absence - to national reference models
of other countries. There is also the concept of "size, unit of measure transfer" introduced. This
approximation of a value of a measurement unit, stored by MI, to a value of a measurement unit,
replicated of stored by the reference model of this unit of measurement, having higher indexes of
accuracy. In accordance with specification of conceptual construct, there is a notion of
"metrological requirements" included. Those requirements are for the parameters of
measurement, which have influence on the result and measurement accuracy indexes, reference
models of measurement units, standard specimen, MM and also conditions, under which those
parameters must be provided.
ISO 9001: 2015 "quality management Systems. Requirements " highlights the procedures
for managing monitoring and measurement resources.
Paragraph 7.1.5. Resources for monitoring and measurement indicates that the organization
shall, where monitoring and measurements are used to obtain evidence of compliance of products
23. Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Status of the Basic Notions and Procedures of the State System of
Ensuring the Unity of Measurements of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Relation to the Conformity
Assessment and Confirmation of Compliance of Measurement Instruments
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1651 editor@iaeme.com
and services with specified requirements, determine the resources necessary to guarantee the
suitability and reliability of the data. The organization must ensure that the resources used:
(a) suitable for the specific type of monitoring and measurement activities to be carried out;
(b) are managed in such a way as to ensure that they are consistent with the objectives of the
application.
The organization shall maintain appropriate documented information as evidence of the
adequacy of monitoring and measurement resources for the purposes of application.
Paragraph 7.1.5.1., "General provisions", States that " the organization shall identify and
provide the resources necessary to ensure the reliability and recognition of the results when
monitoring or measurements are used to verify the conformity of products or services with the
requirements. Paragraph 7.1.5.2. is referred to as "traceability of measurements" and establishes
that, where traceability of measurements is a requirement or is considered by the organization to
be an essential circumstance in providing evidence of recognition of measurement results, the
measuring equipment shall be verified and/or calibrated, at specified intervals or before its
application, in relation to measurement standards having traceability to international or national
measurement standards. Where such standards are not available, the basis used for calibration or
verification should be recorded and maintained as documented information. In those cases, when
it is detected that the measuring equipment unusable for its intended purpose, the organization
must determine whether this affects negatively on accuracy the results of previously performed
measurements, and to implement, if necessary, appropriate action.
In order to ensure the quality of tests and measurements, metrological traceability, traceable
measurements, ST RK ISO/IEC 17025-2018 establishes the following requirements for the
management of testing facilities.
According to paragraphs 6.4.1-6.4.13 of ST RK ISO / IEC 17025-2018, the laboratory shall
have access to the testing facilities required for proper laboratory activities. Test facilities include
(but are not limited to): measuring instruments, software, reference standards, reference data,
reagents and consumables, assistive devices necessary for proper laboratory activities, and that
may have an impact on the result. Where the laboratory uses test facilities outside its permanent
control, it shall ensure that they comply with the requirements of this standard.
The laboratory shall verify the test facility for compliance with the established requirements
before putting it into operation or after maintenance, and the equipment used for measurements
shall be capable of providing the accuracy and(or) uncertainty of measurements required to obtain
a reliable result. The measuring instruments shall be calibrated if:
- measurement accuracy or measurement uncertainty affects the accuracy of the results
and(or));
- calibration is required to establish the metrological traceability of the results.
The laboratory shall establish a calibration program to ensure metrological traceability of
measurement results. The calibration program should be reviewed and adjusted as necessary to
ensure confidence in the calibration status. If interim checks are necessary to maintain confidence
in the performance of the test equipment, these checks shall be carried out in accordance with the
established procedure. If the calibration results and standard sample data include reference values
or corrections, the laboratory shall ensure that they are updated.
The laboratory shall provide practical measures to prevent unintended adjustments of test
facilities that may lead to inaccurate results.
Records shall be kept of the condition of the test facilities that may affect laboratory activities.
Entries must include at least the following:
24. Chashkov V.N., Salykova O.S., Salykov B.R., Ivanova I.V., Baganov N.A and Binyukov Y.V
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a) identification of hardware, including downloadable and pre-installed software with version
names (where applicable);
(b) manufacturer's name, type identification, serial number or other unique identification;
(c) evidence that the equipment meets the requirements;
(d) current location, where appropriate;
(e) the dates and results of all calibrations, adjustments, eligibility criteria and the planned
date of the next calibration or the frequency of calibration;
f) the date of approval, certified values, and the designation of the standard samples,
acceptance criteria and the shelf life;
(g) maintenance plan and its implementation on the current date, if required for the operation
of the equipment;
(h) a description of any damage, malfunction, modification or repair of the equipment.
A mandatory requirement for the organization and production of serial production of
regulatory products is the presence of certified quality management systems. Most manufacturers
of Kazakhstan have implemented a management system for compliance with ISO 9001. Due to
the fact that ISO 9001 is for most producers the main and quite comfortable system of
organization and production management, it is necessary to legitimize normative as the concept
of the term "traceability of measurements" in the framework of the standards of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. It should be noted that in the comprehensive plan to improve the system of technical
regulation and Metrology of Kazakhstan until 2020 introduced the concept of "traceability of
measurements" as one of the strategic goals. It should be noted that metrological traceability is
one of the basic procedures of traceability of measurements.
It should be noted that metrological traceability is one of the basic procedures of traceability
of measurements. Metrological traceability from the normative recommended concept becomes
a legalized procedure in the Republic of Kazakhstan and accordingly expands the value and scope
of related procedures.
3. RESULTS
The authors of this article conducted analysis of normative and legal requirements of SSEUM
RK, applicable in a period of years 2000 – 2018 and setting mechanisms of definition of
belonging of technical means to those of MI, definition of accuracy-related indexes of MI and
MI validation for application in the field of SSEUM RK within the framework of harmonization
of the normative base of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the international requirements and
recommendations.
In the process of research, the corresponding laws and legal acts of SSEUM RK are studied
within the framework of technical regulation and metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
technical regulations of EAEC EAEU, and corresponding national standards of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, interstate standards, interstate recommendations, and recommendations of OIML,
ISO, and specific directives of European Union.
Recommendations on further development and harmonization of normative base of the
Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of metrological provision with international requirements and
recommendations with the aim of increasing trust to quality of measurements conducted under
conditions of manufacture and laboratories of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
According to the plan of rework of national standards of SSEUM RK, the authors of this
article formulated proposals in form of official requests to the State Scientific Metrological
Centre of Committee of Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Republic of Kazakhstan with
the aim of simplifying procedures of verification MI and transferring them into the category of