project management, work break down structure, mile stone chart, event, activity, dummy activity

1. Management and Planning
Prof: A. A. Hosurkar

2. Project Management
• Project management is the use of specific
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to
deliver something of value to people. The
development of software for an improved
business process, the construction of a
building, the relief effort after a natural
disaster, the expansion of sales into a new
geographic market—these are all examples of
projects.

3. Project Management
• A Project management plan is a formal,
approved document that defines how the
project is executed, monitored, and
controlled. It may be a summary or a detailed
document and may include baselines,
subsidiary management plans, and other
planning documents

4. Bar chart/ Gantt Chart
• A Gantt chart is a commonly used graphical
depiction of a project schedule. It's a type of
bar chart showing the start and finish dates of
a project's elements such as resources,
planning and dependencies. 1. Henry Gantt
(1861-1919), an American mechanical
engineer, designed the Gantt chart.

5. Bar chart/ Gantt Chart

6. Bar chart/ Gantt Chart
• A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that
illustrates a project schedule.
• This chart lists the tasks to be performed on
the vertical axis, and time intervals on the
horizontal axis.
• The width of the horizontal bars in the graph
shows the duration of each activity.

7. Bar chart/ Gantt Chart
• Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish
dates of the terminal elements and summary
elements of a project.
• Terminal elements and summary elements
constitute the work breakdown structure of
the project.
• Modern Gantt charts also show
the dependency (i.e., precedence network)
relationships between activities

8. Work Breakdown Structure
• Before you create a work breakdown structure, it's
essential to first assess the project scope by talking to all
stakeholders and key team members involved.
• As the project manager, you want to ensure that all critical
input and deliverables are gathered and transparently
prioritized. You may use Gantt charts, flow charts,
spreadsheets, or lists to show the hierarchical outline of
importance and connectivity between the tasks needed to
complete the project.
• After outlining the deliverables and tasks in order of
completion, you can then assign each task to a project
team member. Ensure no team member carries the
majority of the project's weight by spreading duties and
responsibilities across the team.

9. Work Breakdown Structure
• Here are some work breakdown structure
examples. You can use any of these to outline
your WBS.
• WBS spreadsheet: You can structure your WBS
efficiently in a spreadsheet, noting the different
phases, tasks, or deliverables in the columns and
rows.
• WBS flowchart: You can structure your WBS in a
diagrammatic workflow. Most WBS examples and
templates you may find are flowcharts.

10. Work Breakdown Structure
• WBS list: You can structure your WBS as a simple
list of tasks or deliverables and subtasks. This is
the most straightforward approach to make a
WBS.
• Work breakdown structure Gantt chart. You can
structure your WBS as a Gantt chart that
represents both a spreadsheet and a timeline.
With a Gantt chart-structured WBS, you can link
task dependencies and show project milestones.

13. Milestone chart
• A milestone is a specific point within a
project’s life cycle used to measure the
progress toward the ultimate goal. Milestones
in project management are used as signal
posts for a project's start or end date, external
reviews or input, budget checks, submission of
a major deliverable, etc. A milestone is a
reference point that marks a significant event
or a branching decision point within a project.

14. Milestone chart
Examples of project milestones
While the final deliverable or product is indeed a
significant milestone, there are several other
milestones that will help you move smoothly
toward the final goal. An example of a milestone
in project management could be any of the
following:
• The beginning and end dates for project phases
• Getting approval from a stakeholder that allows
you to move to the next phase
• Key deliverables, meetings, or events

15. Milestone chart

16. Milestone chart

17. Network Techniques
• Network diagrams are the preferred technique
for showing activity sequencing
• A network diagram is a schematic display of
the logical relationships among, or sequencing
of, project activities
• Two main formats are the arrow and
precedence diagramming methods

18. Event
• The beginning and end points of an activity
are called events or nodes or connector. This is
usually represented by circle in a network.
• Here, A is known as the activity.

19. Event

20. Event

21. Event
• a) Merge Event: When two or more activities come from
an event it is known as merge event.
• b) Burst Event: When more than one activity leaves an
event is known as burst event.
• c) Merge & Burst Event: An activity may be merged and
burst at the same time.

22. Predecessor & Successor Activity
• Predecessor activity: activity that must be
completed immediately prior to the start of
another activity.
• Successor activity: activity which cannot be
started until one or more of other activities
are completed but immediately succeed them
are called successor activity.

23. Predecessor & Successor Activity

24. Activity

25. Dummy activity
• Dummy activity: An activity which does not
consume any kind of resources but merely
depicts the technological dependence is called a
dummy activity. Dummy activity is inserted in a
network to classify the activity pattern in the
following situations:
• i) To make activities with common starting and
finishing points distinguishable.
• ii) To identify and maintain the proper
precedence relationship between activities those
are not connected by events.

26. Dummy activity

27. Dummy activity

28. Thanks