- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses that are divided into network and host portions, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. Various techniques were used to extend IPv4's address space, including subnetting, CIDR, and NAT. - Subnetting divides networks into subnets and hosts using part of the host address bits. CIDR allows routing with variable length network prefixes. NAT allows multiple private IP addresses to share a single public IP address. - IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and features a vastly larger address space, more efficient routing headers, built-in security, and autoconfiguration of addresses. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 involves dual stack, tunneling, and translation methods.

1. INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 AND
VERSION4
Presented by:-
Mohd Nazir Shakeel

2. CLASSFUL ADDRESSING
 When IP was first standardized, each system attached to the
IP based Internet had to be assigned a unique 32-bit address
 The 32-bit IP addressing scheme involves a two level
addressing hierarchy
Network Number Host Number

3. CLASSFUL ADDRESSING…
 Divided into 5 classes

4. TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE ADDRESS
SHORTAGE IN IPV4
 Subnetting
 Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
 Network Address Translation (NAT)

5. SUBNETTING
 Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and
host.
 The extended-network-prefix is composed of
the classful network-prefix and the subnet-
number
 The extended-network-prefix has traditionally
been identified by the subnet mask
Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number

6. SUBNETTING EXAMPLE
Internet
G
H1 H2
H3 H4
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
All traffic
to 128.10.0.0
128.10.1.1 128.10.1.2
128.10.2.1 128.10.2.2
Sub-network 128.10.1.0
Sub-network 128.10.2.0
Net mask 255.255.0.0

7. CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING
 Eliminates traditional classful IP routing.
 Routing information is advertised with a bit mask/prefix
length specifies the number of leftmost contiguous
bits in the network portion of each routing table entry
 Example: 192.168.0.0/21

8. IPv4 CIDR
IP/CIDR Δ to last IP addr Mask Hosts (*)
a.b.c.d/32 +0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1
a.b.c.d/31 +0.0.0.1 255.255.255.254 2
a.b.c.d/30 +0.0.0.3 255.255.255.252 4
a.b.c.d/29 +0.0.0.7 255.255.255.248 8
a.b.c.d/28 +0.0.0.15 255.255.255.240 16
a.b.c.d/27 +0.0.0.31 255.255.255.224 32
a.b.c.d/26 +0.0.0.63 255.255.255.192 64
a.b.c.d/25 +0.0.0.127 255.255.255.128 128
a.b.c.0/24 +0.0.0.255 255.255.255.000 256
a.b.c.0/23 +0.0.1.255 255.255.254.000 512
a.b.c.0/22 +0.0.3.255 255.255.252.000 1,024

9. Network address Translation
 In computer networking , network address
translation (NAT) is the process of modifying
network address.
 Network Address Translation allows a single
device, such as a router, to act as agent between
the Internet (or "public network") and a local (or
"private") network.
 This means that only a single unique IP address
is required to represent an entire group of
computers to anything outside their network.

10. TYPES OF NAT OF NAT
 Static NAT-utilizes Source IP addresses and
maps them to outside Internet IP
addresses. This is also called 1to 1
translation.
 Dynamic NAT-Maps an unregistered IP
address to a registered IP address from a
group of registered IP addresses.
-This is also called Many to 1 translation

11. FEATURES OF IPV6
 Larger Address Space
 Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
 Security (IPsec mandatory)
 Mobility

12. 128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”
3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234
:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers
Leading zeros can be removed

13. 40
bytes
20
bytes
IPv4
IPv6
0 15 16 31
vers IHL TOS total length
identification flags flag-offset
TTL protocol header checksum
source IP address
destination IP address
options and padding
vers traffic class flow-label
payload length next header hop limit
source address
destination address
Removed (6)
• ID, flags, flag offset
• TOS, IHL
• header checksum
Changed (3)
Added (2)
Expanded
• total length => payload
• protocol => next header
• TTL => hop limit
• traffic class
• flow label
• address 32 to 128 bits
Header comparison

14. TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESS

15. TRANSITION FROM IPV4 TO IPV6
 Dual Node.
 Tunneling.
 Header translation.

16. IPV4 AND IPV6
 IPv4
 32 bits address generally
denoted by decimal dot
structure(10.89.40.240)
 Private and public I.P.’s
 Total number of user 2^32.
(4294967296)
 IPv6
 128 bits address represented
by hexdecimal colon structure
(FE80:AB020:0000:0000:0000:
0000:0000:0000)
 Link local, unique local and
global I.P.
 Total number of user 2^128
address.
 2^128= 2^96*2^32

17. THANK YOU
?