12. What’s Wrong with 4G?
• Data-rate
• Delay
• Simultaneous connections
• Drop rate
• Quality of service guarantees
13. What’s Wrong with 4G?
• Price per bit
• Power consumption
• Security/privacy
• Support for new applications/markets
– IoT, AR/VR, connected cars
• Support for new mobility requirements
– Mobile hot spots, high speed
5G is developed to address 4G limitations!
14. New Features of 5G
4G 5G Compare
Latency 30~50ms 1ms 30~50x
Throughput 100Mbps 10Gbps 100x
Connections 10k/km2 1,000k/km2 100x
Mobility 350km/h 500km/h 1.5x
15. New Features of 5G
0.1Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps
10000Mbps
500ms
100ms
50ms
1ms 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2G 3G 4G 5G
Date rate & latency of 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Data rate Latency
22. Millimeter Wave
• Advantage
– Extreme bandwidths
– Shorter range for extreme mobile broadband
– Increase the peak date rate greatly without
interfering with other wireless signals or becoming
overly cluttered
– Support approximately 1,000 more devices per
meter than 4G
25. Small Cells
• Low-powered cellular radio access nodes
• High frequencies radio waves can't travel long
distances
– Signals passing through obstacles decay quickly
• Divide one big base station into several small
base stations
– Helpful in cities
28. Massive MIMO & Beamforming
• MIMO (Multiple input and multiple output)
– Using large numbers of antennas and Multi-user
MIMO
– Allows reuse of existing sites
• Beamforming（波束赋形）
– Using Phased array antennas
– Direct radio waves to a target
– Millimeter wave beam —— narrow, good
directivity, extremely high spatial resolution.
31. Full Duplex
• Before 5G, all wireless transmitting device is
half duplexed
• Allows communication in both directions
– Unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen
simultaneously
– Double the maximum total transmission capacity
• Analog: a two-lane road with one lane for
each direction
34. Standalone vs Non-Standalone
• Initial 5G will depend on existing 4G
infrastructure in NSA mode
– Before maturation of the SA mode with the 5G
core network
NSA well implements the transition from 4G to 5G
