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Extraction Of Metal Using Liquid Emulsion Membrane Technique
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Hemant Bansal, E.I.T.
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Research poster presented in Undergraduate Research Symposium '12
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Extraction Of Metal Using Liquid Emulsion Membrane Technique
1.
TEMPLATE DESIGN ©
2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Extraction Of Metal Using Liquid Emulsion Membrane Technique Varun Dameera, Hemant Bansal, Sonali Kulkarni and Prof. V. A. Juvekar Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 400 076 Introduction Results Conclusion 5mm Objectives To carry out extraction from the dilute solution of iron To study the effects of the following parameters on the extraction process Acidity of feed phase Concentration of iron in the feed phase Experimental Method , Preparation of stable emulsion Water in oil emulsion Continuous phase: Light liquid paraffin oil Carrier / extractant: TBP (Tri-butyl phosphate) Surfactant: Abil WE 09 (polysiloxane polyalkyl polyether copolymers) and Polyacrylamide co-acrylic acid Dispersed phase: Aq. NaOH Solution Method of preparation: Aqueous phase is dispersed in continous phase. Continuous phase contains carrier and surfactants Dispersion is carried out with Ultra Turrax Digital homogenizer Acknowledgement & Contact The authors would like to acknowledge Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS), BARC, Mumbai for financial support. Contact: Varun- 10D020047@iitb.ac.in , Hemant- hemantbansal@iitb.ac.in, Sonali- ksonalinsk@gmail.com, Prof.V.A. Juvekar-vaj@iitb.ac.in. Challenges associated with LEM extraction process 1. Ahmad, A. L., A. Kusumastuti, et al. "Emulsion liquid membrane for heavy metal removal: An overview on emulsion stabilization and destabilization." Chemical Engineering Journal 171(3): 870-882. 2. Albers, W. and J. T. G. Overbeek (1960). "Stability of emulsions of water in oil III. Flocculation and redispersion of water droplets covered by amphipolar monolayers." Journal of Colloid Science 15(6): 489-502. 3. Bart, H. J., H. Jungling, et al. (1995). "Water and solute solubilization and transport in emulsion liquid membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 102(0): 103-112. IKA – Digital Ultra Turrax Emulsifier Nikon Eclipse TE2000U Inverted Microscope with DS Fi1 Camera Equipments: References Liquid emulsion membranes ( LEMs) are improved solvent extraction technique that found application in liquid waste treatment and hydrometallurgy. In this process, the solute is extracted from its dilute aqueous solution to another aqueous medium, through the liquid membrane of immiscible phase separating the two aqueous media. It consists of a feed phase containing the solute to be extracted. It is extracted in another aqueous phase called as strip phase through the membrane of an organic phase. W/O emulsion is dispersed in the feed phase to form W/O/W double emulsion. The mass transport of the solute occurs from the feed phase to the internal water phase of the emulsion globule. Leakage Membrane Feed phase Occlusion Emulsion globule feed phase (water) feed phase (water) Emulsion globule After 7 minutes Coalescence Mass Transfer M + M+M + M + M + M + M + M + M + M + M + Carrier Surfactant Molecule M+ = Metal ion Coalescence leads to leakage of the internal droplets into the feed phase. This causes loss of extracted solute again goes into the feed phase. Water from the feed phase gets occluded in the emulsion globule and causes dilution of the strip phase. Suitable driving force and carrier molecules are required to carry out the mass transfer from outer feed phase to the internal strip phase across the oil membrane. The emulsion prepared is observed under the microscope to check the stability against flocculation and coalescence. Extraction • Composition of feed phase: -Ammonium ferric sulphate solution prepared in HCl with different molarity • Freshly prepared emulsion is dispersed in the feed phase and stirred for some time • Emulsion is separated from feed phase • Change in the concentration of the feed phase is measured with UV spectro-photometer Emulsion without surfactant Emulsion with excess surfactant Stable emulsion with 2% v/v surfactant on the basis of cont. phase Emulsion stability: No coalescence and No flocculation. Distribution constant at different concentration of HCl in feed phase : K= Conc. of iron in oil / conc. of iron in aq. phase (at equilibrium) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2 3 4 5 6 K-value Molarity (mols/lit) K-value vs Concentration 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 500 1000 1500 %Extraction Conc. of iron (ppm) % Extraction vs Concentration of iron % extraction vs conc of fe ConK % extraction at different conc. of iron in the feed phase : % Extraction= (Initial conc. of iron in feed phase-conc. of iron after extraction)/ Initial conc. of iron*100 Discussion Emulsion stability is the critical parameter in LEM. It highly depends upon the nature of continuous and disperse phase, type of surfactant and its concentration Normality of feed phase controls the extraction process. We found that the maximum extraction occurs at 4M concentrated HCl solution. In this system, as conc. of iron increases, extraction efficiency decreases from 100% at 100ppm to 40% at 1000ppm of iron concentration. There exist critical concentration of HCl which gives maximum recovery of iron. Extraction efficiency reduces with concentration of iron. This may be because of formation of the coat of iron at the interface of the emulsion globule.