Tobacco Columbian Exchange

Tobacco Columbian Exchange
Tobacco was not a brand–new invention of the times. The Spanish held somewhat of a monopoly on
tobacco in the European markets and Native Americans had used it for medicine for thousands of
years. The first tobacco seeds of the Jamestown colony were imported by English colonist John
Rolfe "who in 1612 obtained Spanish seeds, or Nicotiana tabacum, from the Orinoco River valley"
(Salmon). It arrived in the English colonies in 1612 at Virginia because Jamestown was originally
established by the British as a settlement for trade with the Indians. To compete with Spanish traders
who were dominating the tobacco trade, Rolfe brought over tobacco seeds from the West Indies to
be grown in the Jamestown colony. The colony and its' economy grew rapidly ... Show more content
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Once the English back home heard the good news, thousands of settlers flocked to Virginia to try
and get rich quick by planting tobacco, whether they came over as free planters or indentured
servants. Tobacco proved to be very profitable and turned poor farmers into rich men in short
periods of time, leading to what was called the Tobacco boom. It became a main export of the
colonies and reaped huge profits. When there were not many ways for colonists to make money and
earn a living, tobacco came just in time to help poor farmers create an economy for themselves and
the taxation of tobacco earned profits for the Virginia Company of London. The 17th century was a
time of growth for the Europeans in terms of creating a thriving settlement colony, but sadly a time
of decline for the Native Americans. Tobacco farming and a chance at a new life free from religious
persecution and poverty attracted and brought over thousands of settlers aiming to get rich, and with
them they also brought many diseases, religions, means of trade, and war. These lands were being
settled on by Europeans in large acreage to produce tobacco, but that meant that land was being
stripped away from Native Americans. Natives and Europeans would come to fight for control of
these territories in Virginia and New England in the following years. With its introduction into the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay about The Virginian Revolution
Virginia's way to the American Revolution
Woody Holton. Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves and the Making of the American
Revolution in Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
In his book Forced Founders – Indians, Debtors, Slaves and the Making of the American
Revolution in Virginia Woody Holton tries to give a " study of some (not all) of the causes (not the
effects) of Virginia's Revolution." He argues that the Virginia elite were important as leaders of the
Independence movement, but were also powerfully influenced by other forces such as British
merchants, Indians, farmers and slaves. Woody Holton argues that the Virginia gentry was
influenced by those four groups, and that the gentry was even ... Show more content on
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The gentry of Virginia was not pleased with this decision, since they invested in the land and were
now legally hindered to sell it. Other settlers, like squatters, just settled there, but the gentry had to
respect the resolution of their own Privy Council. So they started to petition the Council, but without
success. Holton argues that the Indians were able to influence the British government to a certain
point not to allow American settlers to settle in the Ohio Valley, because the British simply did not
want to spend money for British troops that would eventually have to protect the settlers from Indian
assaults. They hoped to prevent a new costly war in America. The problem for the gentry was that
"the Virginia Executive Council had no choice but to void the hundreds of surveys that had been
done for Virginia speculators and to put a halt to further surveying. This setback only intensified the
speculators' effort to persuade the government to let them have Kentucky and the adjacent region."
But the British government did not repeal the act. This caused many of the gentry's members who
speculated for land in Kentucky to be displeased and lose a great deal of money. Holton gives
numerous examples of gentry members that were affected by these circumstances, including
Thomas Jefferson and George Washington.
The tobacco growers are

Environmental Factors And Economic Development In The 17th...
Environmental Factors and Economic Development
During the 17th century the United States was still trying to become the country that we see today.
Some of the reasons that we have the country we do now are because of the economic developments
in the early British–American colonies. However during the 17th century, the considerable impacts
of environmental factors influenced the economic development of the colonies through things like
soil quality/climate and geographic location as well as economic factors including an increase in
trade and exported goods and expansion of agriculture production.
The geographic location of the colonies had a large influence on the economic development of the
British–American colonies. Document one shows us a map of the original colonies. This is
important because it can help educate students about the regional differences in the colonies. These
differences led to a vast economic diversity in the colonies. Because northern colonies like
Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island were littered with trees, rocks and other rivers it provided poor
soil for agriculture. Because of the poor soil for farming northern colonies used shipbuilding and
rum export as their way of economic development. Other industries like fishing/whaling, timber,
and fur were popular because of the advancements of shipbuilding technology and lumber.
Document 5 talks about how the northern colonies were good for trade and had easy access to the
sea with safe ports. These reasons

Compare And Contrast The British Colonial System
The British colonial system was controlled by the British Empire that developed their own policies
of wealth. The system provides protection, money, endorse trading funds and provides an
establishment for one to live life by law. They up rose the economy, government and political
system. The system was very different throughout each colony because each viewed it their own
way. England is a powerful country that empowered the world.
Once the English found America, they enforced the rules on the land without consideration of
natives already claiming the territory. They learned from the natives what needs to be imported and
the materials that should be exported. The Southern colonies grew cotton, sugarcane, and tobacco,
while the New England ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To increase British wealth, the Navigation Acts were passed that restricted exclusive trading by
making England the colonial product. In time, other areas began to dislike the British Empire
because of their high prices. Acts, such as; British North American Act, Indian Mutiny, Sugar Act,
Stamp Act, mandates and so forth. The Sugar Act and Stamp Act affected elites. The Sugar Act was
a revenue passed by the British Parliament that taxed all goods, such as; wine and sugar. The Stamp
Act required that various printed materials in the colonies should be on stamped paper produced in
the United Kingdom. The colonies were uphold by these rules and regulations. From a system that
should protect their rights, became a system that states their rights. The acts were met with great
resistance in the colonies, as many colonists considered it a violation of their rights as Englishmen
to be taxed without their consent.Colonies then began to up rise, leading to their first joint colonial
response to the British. Protests groups created a coalition and organized a resistance that keeps the
Stamp Act from being effectively

Mono Culture
John Pynchon continued to purchase Pocutucks land which later in turn became an economic
investment. Local urban agriculture beyond the city limits into areas later to be renamed, Hadley,
Northampton, Amherst, and Sunderland. The river system running through the region allowed
abundant growing of corn, tobacco and cattle farms. After the massive destruction of the King
Philips war, many communities were slow to be rebuilt. However when Pynchon and fellow settlers
began moving out beyond Springfield boundaries significant strips of agricultural production
leading to global exporting of cash crops. These types of developments in use of mono cultural
growing to maximize crop production until the soil quality was depleted by mineral and nutrient
deficiencies from mono cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such seeds according to her are said to have been brought back from Cuba be sailors and traders in
the early 18th century. However, laws about the consumption of tobacco in relationship to location
to the town, in one report estimated a distance of 10 miles outside the town minutes. Health codes in
the 1700's in comparison to today are quite different as many people in America still smoke and not
outside town lines in miles but yards from their homes if not inside their homes contributing to the
exposure to more severe carcinogens. Industrial scales production of tobacco major cash crop played
a major role in economic security and guarantee of import goods from England to be shipped over
on return trips. While some would like to think slavery did not happen in the North recent
documents have unearthed the truth of slaves in the North and more particularity in the areas of
Deerfield, Hadley and Springfield as records showed the purchase of multiple slaves or Negro's in
account books of the founding town

Risk With High Impact, Is For Consumer Health Organization...
Another risk with high–impact, is for consumer health. Each tobacco company needs to print on
product 's packages that smoking kills, the government prevents advertising and prohibits the sale to
minors, all this, in order to reduce the impact on the population. Following the World Health
Organization convention, they expect an even more restrictions. These restrictions impose to BAT to
work in tight regulatory regimes, and it definitely limited revenues. Surely BAT, has an internal
group of experts on regulations and trends that the government intends to take. BAT for its part
could commit to invest some revenues from sales in the scientific research for health, involving
stakeholders.
A very tangible risk to BAT, right in New Zealand, is the increase in the price of its products as a
result of a tax increase. These surges of excise duties are imposed by the government to cope with
an increase in diseases resulting from the use of tobacco products. Surely an high increase in excise
duties, it would reflect in a decrease in sales, because there would be an increase in the price of the
individual products. BAT in the face of what can try to balance increases in excise duties, with
limited increases in product prices, increase the range of possible products with a lower impact on
health, to give the consumer more choice. In addition, it can work closely with the government to try
to limit the increases, perhaps by investing more in research.
Another type of risk is coming from

British American Tobacco
OVERVIEW OF BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO GROUP & BAT BANGLADESH
BAT is the world's second largest quoted tobacco group by global market share, with brands sold in
more than 180 markets. With over 300 brands in the portfolio, BAT makes the cigarette chosen by
one in eight of the world's one billion adult smokers. It holds robust market positions in each of the
regions they operate and have leadership in more than 50 markets. BAT has sustained a significant
global presence for over 100 years. The business was founded in 1902 and by 1912 it become one of
the world's top dozen companies by market capitalization.
British American Tobacco Bangladesh Company Limited (BAT BANGLADESH) has been
operating in this region since 1910 and currently ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
has four guiding principles ....
Strength from Diversity: Actively utilizing diversity – of people, cultures, viewpoints, brands,
markets and ideas – to create opportunities and strengthen performance.
Open Minded: Being an active listener, genuinely considering others' viewpoints and not pre–
judging.
Freedom through Responsibility: The freedom to take decisions and act on them obliges BATB to
accept personal responsibility for the way they affect BATB's stakeholders.
Enterprising Spirit: The confidence to seek out opportunities for success, to strive for innovation,
and to accept the considered risk–taking that comes with it.
.
Weakness:
As BAT works for a controversial industry, they are bound by many rules and regulations, like they
can not do the marketing of their product in a bigger scale due to tobacco law. Moreover they faces
many problem to promote their brands. Last but not the least they often face many legal problems to
run their business smoothly.
Opportunity:
Through approximately 100 years of operations, BAT BD. has built a strong international reputation
for high quality tobacco brands to meet consumers' diverse preferences. They believe that it is the
strength for BAT BD. to do business in BANGLADESH. They know the customers' choice as well
as the business environment over here in this region better than any other similar company. As a
result launching a new brand or promoting a new

Pepsico : The Food And Drink Industry
You'll either love them or hate them, PepsiCo has grown over the years with different brands
becoming a dominate company is the food and drink industry. In recent years they have been getting
a bad reputation due to their unhealthy drinks and foods. In a 20 ounce bottle of Pepsi, there is 13.8
teaspoons of sugar. "Two out of three adults and one of three children in the United States are
overweight or obese." Studies have shown that the number of health problems that are related to
obesity is due to the increased consumption of sugary drinks. High sugar drinks are being compared
to cigarettes, along with fast food restaurants that are high in fat. I will discuss how PepsiCo became
a leader in the beverage industry by looking into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the 1980s to the 90s PepsiCo had brought on many different brands such has popular Mug
Root Beer, and 7–Up. PepsiCo was involved in other countries such has the United Kingdom with
Walker's Crisps, and in Mexico with cookie company Gamesa. Ready to drink teas from Lipton
were brought on in 1993 along with other bottled products like Aquafina water in 1994. Their largest
acquisition was Quaker Oats in 2001 for $13.9 billion. This acquisition brought many categories
such as oatmeal and snack bars, but the brand that made it worth the high cost was Gatorade. In
recent years they have bought a leading Russian food and beverage company for $3.8 billion.
PepsiCo's strategy of having a diverse group of brands from snack foods to high in sugar drinks
have allowed them to grow with these close relationships.
When looking at the value chain of PepsiCo, one of PepsiCo's strongest aspects is their distribution.
They can deliver products to their customers in many different ways. Direct store delivery (DSD),
customer warehouses, and third–party distributor networks. PepsiCo has the ability to satisfy their
customers with plenty of options when it comes to getting the product to the store shelves. By
having a DSD system, PepsiCo has its drivers bring product to the stores and see what is selling and
what is not. This is an effective method if the products are needed to be restocked for events like the
Super

The British American Tobacco Company: Business Ethics
The British American Tobacco Company: Business Ethics The British American Tobacco company
is a multinational company with over 200 brands that they have developed under the guidance; the
company is staggeringly successful, selling 694 billion cigarettes in 2012 (bat.com). The worldwide
company sees itself, and many would argue, rightfully so, as a powerful forces that has stimulated
economies all over the globe in lasting and measurable ways: in 2012, the company's "subsidiaries
enabled governments worldwide to gather more than £30 billion in duty, excise and sales taxes on
our products, more than seven times the Group's profit after tax" (bat.com). Being a stimulus to the
economy and a pillar of economic stability is something that company prides itself on: British
American Tobacco has 44 factories in 39 countries, employing 55,000 people worldwide in a
massive multicultural workforce (bat.com). The company claims that it gives each local factory a
tremendous amount of autonomy and responsibility for its operations, with all decisions made with
interest and thought to all local stakeholders of each respective business within a framework of
principles, standards of strategies (bat.com) Corporate responsibility is a fascinating subject when it
comes to any tobacco company, given the health hazards that tobacco products inherently pose to
one's health. Interestingly enough, the British American Tobacco company acknowledges the issues
with their products and the health

Convicts In America Essay
The transportation system that brought convicts into America was born out of new types and record
levels of crime in England. (pg. 6) The crowded streets and overcrowding of the cities added to the
increase in crime. England's law enforcement and criminal justice system were ill–equipped to
handle the dramatic increase in crimes committed in the city. The English penal system was in such
a state of instability that new solutions had to be found for the increasing numbers of felons. The
city jails were so unhealthy and disease–ridden, that many inmates died. The localities also lacked
sufficient funds to care for the convicts in the already overcrowded prisons. Instead of spending
money for more jails in order to accommodate more prisoners, ... Show more content on
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While colonial governors and councils objected to the shipping of felons, repeated passage of
legislation for ending the process or for placing taxes or other restrictions on transportation were
overturned by the Board of Trade or other agents of the king, especially after 1718's act of
transportation. The 1718 arrangement with Jonathan Forward, the first merchant to receive a
contract with the British treasury to ship convicts to America, was too profitable for the British
government to allow American colonies to put a stop to the

Soft-Soaping Empire : Racism And Imperial Advertising
In the article, "Soft–Soaping Empire: Commodity racism and imperial advertising," the author
summarizes the symbolistic importance of advertisement in relation to soap representing a grand
scale of Victorian beliefs and values created by consumer capitalism. The marketing strategies to
promote soap were generated from the state of British society with regards to the general outlook on
race, class, and gender. Therefore, the propaganda attached to the advertisement of soap ultimately
generated its social and economic significance through commodifying strategies which continue to
reflect society to this day.
During the pivotal moments in British late 19th century colonial imperialism, along with
competitive capitalism and the emergence of the urban middle class, marketing strategies developed
aiming to increase retail for different consumer products. At this time, soap went from a "humdrum
item and a washing cursory" to a "Victorian fetishism" in British society as Victorians were
consuming 260,000 tons of soap a year (McClintock, 129) Hence, soap held more symbolic
economic and social importance than it previously maintained because of consumer capitalism
helping establish its value through advertisement. For example, in viewing soap through Marx's
commodification theory, soap undertook significant values as it was no longer a humdrum object but
rather a conjugated symbol for racial supremacy and domesticity in Pear's advertisement
(McClintock, 1995). This symbolism was very

Analitical Analysis on British American Tobacco
BUS 101 PROJECT
SUBMITTED TO : NOOR–E–HASNIN
SECTION: 06 SUBMITTED BY : 1. RUSHMIAN ANNOY WADUD (1410221643) 2. SERAJUS
SALEHIN (1511397630) 3. HASAN MUSTAFA TARIQUE (1510270630) 4. FARHAN HASAN
(1510199630) 5. MD. ARIFUL ISLAM (1230423026)
Acknowledgment
We owe our profound gratitude to our course instructor Ms. Noor–E–Hasnin (NEH), who took keen
interest on our project work and guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by
providing all the necessary information for developing a complete analytical report.
We thank her for her sincere guidance, supervision and encouragement throughout the course.
Table of Contents
Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reynolds to form Reynolds American, in which we have a 42 per cent share; * 2005 Share price
rose above £10 for the first time; * 2006 Expansion of test–markets for smokeless Swedish–style
snus in Sweden and South Africa and a new Research and Development facility for snus products. *
2008 We acquire Tekel (Turkey) and ST (Scandinavia), and complete a secondary listing on the
stock exchange in Johannesburg (JSE Limited) . 2009 Acquisition of Bentoel in Indonesia
Vision of the company :
As a responsible Company, British American Tobacco Bangladesh believes that the business has a
key role to play in helping society to achieve the necessary sustainable balance of economic growth,
environmental protection and social progress. Its vision is to extend their leadership through world–
class performance.
Mission of the company :
BATB has a few sole missions and of them, the main ones are growing their share on total tobacco
company and dominating key identified segments.
Organization chart
How the Business was Formed

Articles and By–Laws of Corporation :
Share capital : All of the Company's ordinary shares are fully paid and, accordingly, no further
contribution of capital may be required by the Company from the holders of such shares.
Objects and purposes : The Company is incorporated under the name

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Case Study
1. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company was founded in 1875 and has grown to become one of the
largest operating tobacco countries in the world. This company was founded by Richard Joshua
Reynolds, who was a 25–year–old who started his own chewing–tobacco manufacturing operation
in North Carolina. Reynolds was the first to introduce pipe tobaccos and went on to revolutionize
the entire cigarette industry.
Reynolds American have always had a focus on innovation and transforming the tobacco industry,
which is prevalent not only in their business now, but also in their past success. For example, in
1931, they were the first company to package cigarettes with a moisture–proof, sealed cellophane
outer–wrap which worked to preserve freshness. This had not been done before but helped them
break away from competitors as it was more enticing for consumers to purchase.
R.J. Reynolds has been acquiring multiple large companies in their industry so that their own
company can grow and continue to develop. In 1970, Reynolds Industries was formed as the new
parent company of R.J. Reynolds, then in 1985 they followed on to acquire Nabisco Brands and
were renamed to RJR Nabisco. Through 2002 to 2006, they acquired both Santa Fe Natural Tobacco
company and Conwood Company, giving Reynolds American incredible scale and strength within
their industry.
Their innovation continued in 2012 when R.J. Reynolds created R.J. Reynolds Vapor Company and
in 2013 announced their new product VUSE Digital Vapor

Mercantilism Advantages
Mercantilism is often seen beneficial to Great Britain because it ensured products went directly to
the mother country allowing them to increase power and limit freedom over the colonies. However,
mercantilism helped the colonies since it gave the British a reason to rule with salutary neglect,
allowed the colonists to benefit from triangular trade, and receive protection from the British navy
for no cost at all. Although Mercantilism benefitted both the colonies and Great Britain in many
different ways, it can be seen favorable to Great Britain because mercantilism justified their control
over the colonies and enabled them to believe that wealth is equivalent to power, and that their
economic, military, and political power could be measured by amount of gold or silver obtain. The
British government looked at the colonies as tenants who were expected to equip products that were
necessary in the mother country, including tobacco, sugar, and ship mast's. Furthermore, they were
unable to export certain products, such as woolen cloths or beaver hats and that they must buy
imported manufactured goods exclusively from Britain. The colonists were also forbidden to indulge
in vexatious dreams of economic self–sufficiency or self government. Parliament also passed laws
to regulate the mercantile system such as the Navigation Law of 1650, which was intended for rival
Dutch shippers who were trying to get into the American carrying trade. Following these acts, all
commerce going to

Essay On John Andre
Throughout history, there are moments that become pivotal points for major outcomes. The
capturing and hanging of John Andre was one of these pivotal moments. A British Major who spied
on the Americans and tried to close off the New England from the rest of the colonies, Andre was a
man willing to do anything for his country. John Andre was born on May 2, 1750 in London. He was
the son of Huguenots. He attended the University of Geneva in Switzerland where he studied
mathematics and military drawing. He also had a fondness for the arts and took up ballroom dancing
and the flute. He was being groomed to take over his father's business, but when his father passed
away, John took his inheritance and moved. After a failed proposal to the ... Show more content on
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By 1780, Andre, who was 28, continued to impress Clinton and after a victory in South Carolina
Clinton appointed Andre to chief military intelligence officer. As the intelligence officer, Andre had
to keep relationships open between British spies and the Loyalists who lived in America. For more
than a year, Andre was conspiring with American General Benedict Arnold. Arnold, a soldier hurt in
battle and never properly compensated by the Army, considered flipping on the Americans as a way
out of the situation he was in. Peggy Shippin kept in contact with Andre throughout these years and
Andre asked Shippin for help to persuade Arnold to flip. Shippin and Arnold got to know each other
and eventually married. She told Arnold how he was not being treated fairly by the Americans and
that Britain would be able to offer him more. Arnold agreed with his wife and eventually made plans
with Andre to sabotage America. Clinton had Andre set up a meeting with Arnold to retrieve plans
of what West Point's set up was. The idea was to gain control of the Hudson River cutting New
England off from the rest of the colonies. The theory was whoever controlled the Hudson had the
power as it traveled down to New York and was a clear line of trade and communication among the
Americans. Arnold, who was a loose cannon for the Americans at this point and met Andre in
Haverstraw, New York. He gave Andre plans that

American Colonies Dbq
This decade portrays the exploration of the Europeans to the American colonies which allowed
England, France, Holland, Spain, and British to colonize with other lands and obtain power by
expanding their territory. Nevertheless, England rose as the country with the dominant colonial
power. Throughout this decade, the demand for silver and other valued items influenced trade
globally by commercializing and strengthening European trade. In addition, the desire for power and
control enriched the economy of the Europeans. The rise of European colonization also shaped
cultural globalization since traders established various ethnic societies in foreign regions. European
explorers were to stop at nothing in order to achieve success in expanding their ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
England passed a series tax laws and demanded the colonists pay back the debt. In 1764, the Sugar
Act was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, reducing smuggling yet increasing the cost of
imported goods in the American colonies and decreasing exportation to non–British markets. The
Currency Act of 1764 did not forbid colonies from releasing paper money, yet it did ban paper
money from being used to pay of private or public debts. In 1765, the Stamp Act was established in
order to raise revenue from the American colonies by taxing stamps which were required on all legal
or commercial documents, newspapers, licenses, and diplomas. Great Britain benefited from the
passing of the Stamp Act which enriched their economy. The colonists, however, believed that the
Act was taxation without representation and the power to tax is the power to destroy. In 1767, a
series of laws known as the Townshend Acts placed taxes on tea, glass, paper and other materials.
This again benefited Great Britain and upsetted the colonists because of the high payments enforced
on these

The Origins And Development Of Slavery In Britain's North...
The origins and development of slavery in Britain's North American colonies during the colonial
period can be traced down to the fact that North American colonies were created for the economic
profit of Great Britain. Reasons for the development of slavery in the North American colonies can
be the switch to slavery from indentured servitude due to the desire of free labor and the results of
Bacon's rebellion, the introduction of cash crops such as sugar and tobacco and the introduction of
the plantation system, and the easy access of slaves due to the triangular trade and the middle
passage. The origins of African slavery in North America would trace back to indentured servants
which were British males who were in debt and came to the New

What Is The Role Of Internal Communication In British...
Internal Communication Practice in British American Tobacco Bangladesh (BATB)
1. Introduction
1. Origin
This report is prepared as part of the course requirement of "C501 Managerial Communication" and
is submitted to the instructor of the course Ms. Mahjabeen Ahmad, Professor, Institute of Business
Administration, University of Dhaka.
2. Objective
The objective of this report is to study the steps, tools, process and the role of internal
communication practices in British American Tobacco Bangladesh.
1.3 Scope
This report contains brief overview of BATB and various aspects of its internal communication
related to the objective.
4. Methodology
The information of this report is collected from both primary ... Show more content on
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The history of BATB is shown in Figure1.
Figure 1: History of BATB
Ever since the inception the company is regarded as the market leader in Bangladesh tobacco
market. Based in Dhaka, the company has one packaging factory in Dhaka and one leaf processing
factory in Kushtia a number of Leafs and sales offices throughout the country. The company
currently employs more than 200 managers and 1300 employees.
2.2 Core Functional Areas
2.2.1 Leaf Department

This department is involved in cultivating and purchasing flue–cured tobacco. Each year the
company registers thousands of farmers along with their land, to grow and cultivate tobacco crop.
The company provides seeds, fertilizers and loans to the farmers throughout the crop season to
ensure quality growth. At the end of the season BATB buys fixed quantities of tobacco from the
farmers, paying rates depending on the grade of the crop.
Important functions of Leaf Department: ▪ Purchases tobacco leaves from growers ▪ Processes
tobacco leaf for insertion in the production department ▪ Provides storage and transportation
facilities in carrying tobacco to and from the factory ▪ Strengthens social relationship ▪ Exports
tobacco leaf
2.2.2 Supply Chain Department
Operations function is at the heart of

Batm : Ethical Case Study
| A grim contradiction: The practice and consequences of corporate social responsibility by British
American Tobacco in Malaysia * British American Tobacco Malaysia (BATM) was formed from he
merger of Rothmans of Pall Mall (Malaysia) Berhad and Malaysian Tobacco Company Berhad on 3
November 1999. * Today, British American Tobacco Malaysia is the clear market leader with
approximately 63% market share, and ranks amongst the top 25 companies on Bursa Malaysia
Securities Berhad in terms of market capitalisation. * British American Tobacco Malaysia
manufactures and markets high quality tobacco products designed to meet diverse consumer
preferences. Their portfolio includes well–established international names such as Dunhill, Kent and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* In Islam perspective, it teaches that the hand of the giver is better than that of the receiver and the
Muslims have to understand that their rewards are to be received in hereafter. * The charity that they
make would be reward in terms of 'pahala' and all muslims are encouraged to earned as much
'pahala' as they can as long as they still alive in the world. * One of the verses by Allah Almighty in
the Holy Quran, "Surely the men and women who give in charity and give to Allah a goodly loan,
they shall receive double and for them is a noble reward"– (Quran, 57:18). So, it means the rewards
would be manifold for those Muslims that give in charity regardless of small or large charity that
they do. * For Christians, they are encouraged to follow in the example of Jesus Christ, who was
known for helping the poor, said by Council of Churches Malaysia secretary–general Rev Dr
Herman Shastri. * Besides he also said that in the early years, the Churches also set an example to
help others in needed and Christians generally contributed in three ways which are within the church
community, visiting poor families at their homes or setting up dedicated charities. By doing all this
charitable acts, it will strengthen and enforce their devotion to God. * Hinduism states that the
service to the needy is service to God and the charitable acts should be

Analysis Of Black Men And Public Space
Individuals should not feel compelled to remain a fixture in their respective culture or community
because one has to cope with societal criticism based on the fictitious perceptions by fanatic
individuals of society. In "Black Men and Public Space," author Brent Staples demonstrates this by
arguing that because of his culture, he is categorized as a criminal since he and most stereotyped
criminals come from the same cultural background. Staples explains that he is a colored man who
walks home but always minds his own business. But even though he does so, society views his
appearance as a threat. He narrates an interaction he had with a woman where they were walking on
the same side on the sidewalk, but after she noticed him, she took off and was across the street
within seconds. Staples describes that he was only twenty–two years old at the time and was a
college graduate of no harm whatsoever. As Staples explains to the audience how the women made
him feel he describes that, "Her flight made me feel like an accomplice to tyranny. It also made it
clear that I was indistinguishable from the muggers who occasionally seeped into the area from the
surrounding ghetto" (Staples 267). Because Staples is bound to culture and his physical appearance
is the same as those of criminals, the mindset of society is negative towards him without reason.
Staples uses the literary device simile, a figurative comparison of two things often dissimilar using
connecting words, to argue that since

Tobacco : The Impacts Of Tobacco In North And South America
Tobacco
Tobacco is a green seventeen leave plant that grows natively throughout North and South America.
It's related the potato, peppers, and the poisonous nightshade. One ounce of tobacco contains about
300,000 seeds! The Americans started to grow Tobacco during 6,000 B.C. In the early 1 B.C the
American Indians started using tobacco in religious and medical practices. People us to believe that
tobacco cured–all of their problems. It was used as dress wounds, pain killer, and chewing tobacco
solved toothache. In October 15, 1492 the American Indians gave Christopher Columbus dried
tobacco as a welcome gift. After Christopher Columbus left, he brought back tobacco to Europe;
which then grew all over Europe. The reason tobacco was grown so much was because it was
believed to have healing properties; that could cure anything from ripe breath to cancer. In 1571 a
Spanish doctor named Nicolas Monardes wrote a book on medicinal plants and that tobacco could
cure 36 health problems. In 1588 Thomas Harriet thought smoking a dose a day was a good idea. In
the 1600's tobacco was "as good as gold," it was mostly used as money. During that time some
people realized the dangerous effects of smoking. In 1610 Sir Francis Bacon tried to quit, but said it
was really hard. Meanwhile in 1632, 12 years after the Mayflower had arrived at Plymouth Rock,
smoking became illegal in the state of Massachusetts! In 1760, a New York company named Pierre
Lorillard produced tobacco, cigars, and

Taking a Look Inside Kohl's Corporation Essay
History
According to the Kohl's Corporation Hoover Report (2014), in the late 1920s, a man named Max
Kohl opened a grocery store in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Hoover Report, 2014, pg. 9). By 1938, Max
and his three sons had developed his store into a successful chain and incorporated the business.
Max Kohl had experienced enough success by 1962 that he opened a department store right next to
his Kohl's grocery store. In 1972, Max Kohl and his family's "65 food stores and five department
stores were generating about $90 million in yearly sales" (pg. 9) In the same year, the British
American Tobacco's Brown & Williamson Industries (BATUS) purchased 80% of the Kohls' two
operations. Six years later, BATUS proceeded to purchase what remained of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2003, they excess inventory that was "built up based on previous years of strong sales" (pg. 9).
Their sales decreased by 1.6% which indicated that their expansion slightly bottomed out. After this,
Kohl's decided to start a new line of clothing to compete with the likes of Banana Republic and
Perry Ellis. Their Apt. 9 brand was designed to appeal the middle class customer. In 2007, Kohl's
decided to offer more products online that were "not generally available in its stores" (pg. 9); these
products include many home furnishings, dinnerware, electronics, and children's toys. Later in the
year, Kohl's expanded its athletic department striking a deal with Fila. This agreement led to an
exclusive deal to sell athletic "apparel, footwear, and accessories for women, men, and children"
(pg. 9). Also, this deal is special as it gives Kohl's a large amount of control over the Fila product
line. The main part of this deal consists of Fila controlling only the manufacturing of its footwear
and consists of Kohl's controlling "the manufacturing, production, distribution, sales, and marketing
of the FILA SPORT apparel and accessories" (pg. 9). To summarize their overall history, Kohl's has
been expanding and evolving since its first grocery store had opened back in the late 1920s to
become a billion dollar retail chain. Their ability to reach deals with reputable companies and their
ability to control their

Tobacco: The History and Why We Should Give It Up
"Giving up smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I know because I've done it thousands of
times"–Mark Twain. Have you ever smoked or used any tobacco products? It is well known that
tobacco has become a big issue in the 21st century, these issues include underage smoking and
harmful effects to the body. Tobacco is been identified under the category of peppers, potatoes and
the poisonous nightshade. Tobacco is a harmful leaf from an American plant that has been linked to
deadly diseases, such as cancer or lung diseases. This paper will examine the history of tobacco, the
causes and effects of tobacco–related items, and why it is still legal. It is believed that tobacco began
growing in the United States at around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Tobacco Products) The cost of smoking a cigarette today is high and can cause problems for a lot of
people. A pack of cigarettes can range from 1 dollar to 6 dollars and that is just for one pack. In New
York the average price for a pack of cigarettes is 10.11 dollars that is the highest in the United
States. The second highest average for a pack is Rhode Island where it can cost you about 8.78
dollars. The third highest average for a pack is Massachusetts where it can cost 8.65 dollars.
(Tobacco Products) Smoking not only cost you your money but it cost you your life. Recently
people have noticed the toll it has taken on our society. In recent comerciales, when you buy
menthol cigarettes it shows the damage it has to your body like your smooth skin and your teeth.
People say it is there to scare you, but the scary part is that it is the truth. For every cigarette you
smoke it is proven that it takes 7 minutes out of your life, that is time you could be spending with
your loved ones or spending the time to enjoy yourself. (50 Reasons to Quit Smoking)
A great example would be Mr. Orton who smoked up to 40 cigarettes a day and started when he was
14, said: "Sometimes I go outside, get a gasp of cold air and I feel everything shut down. I know that
this could kill me if I can't get things started again."–Orton. (EFFORTS – My Story)
Tobacco companies salaries are high and they make their money off

Essay On The Chesapeake Colonies
Another reason sugar was a special commodity to the British was that it could be used to keep foods
from rotting. It was also used as a substitute for wheat, which was costly, but a regular food for the
British people. "In addition, sugar had many other multiplier effects that were useful for British
economic growth, such as prolonging the durability of meats, fruits, and vegetables and allowing hot
drinks to be substituted for beer, thus reducing the need for cereal." The use of slaves to farm the
sugar was crucial for the British economy, and the increase in the demand of sugar was costly to
these people's lives. In addition to sugar, another rising crop demanded the use of slavery in British
North America, and that crop was tobacco. By the late Eighteenth century, tobacco was a frequent
good amongst the British. "In 1770 tobacco was the most valuable export commodity from British
North America and rice was the fourth most valuable commodity." Tobacco was a large contributor
to the economy of British North America, and many of the plantations resided in the Chesapeake
area. The plantations would then ship them to Britain to be traded amongst Europe. "The tobacco
trade from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It was otherwise in the Chesapeake, the colonies of Virginia and Maryland. There, the legal
institution of slavery grew out of economic opportunism and evolving social custom." However,
racism was involved as well in these areas. The British North Americans again resorted to the
Trans–Atlantic slave trade, bringing in the labourers necessary to grow their crops; no matter how
inhumane. "Economic need drove the tobacco planters to import large numbers of enslaved Africans
in the late seventeenth century." Working on these plantations was not an easy life, and the travelling
conditions that these people went through were

Climate Change And Carbon Reduction
Climate change and carbon reduction
Climate all over the world are changing day by day. Scientist find out that climate are changing
more rapidly comparative from last decade. The main reasons of climate change is carbon reduction
from human activity and most are done by intension for their benefited. In its Fourth Assessment
Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific
experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, determined there
's a more than 90 percent probability that human activities over the past 50 years have warmed our
planet.
Human Causes
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for forestry and
agriculture. By their nonsense activities the land surface and emit various substances to the
atmosphere. The leading product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. For
these carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are increase.
Natural Causes
The Earth 's climate can be posh by natural factors that are external to the climate system, such as
fluctuations in volcanic activity, solar output, and the Earth 's orbit around the Sun. In terms of the
Earth 's energy balance, these issues mostly effect the amount of incoming energy. Volcanic
outbreaks are irregular and have relatively short–term effects on climate.
Its relevance to British American tobacco
We all know that tobacco is very dangerous for climate. So there is

Thibodeau Tobacco Company
According to Thibodeau and Martin (2000), the cigarette industry was growing and aiming to steal
the fire from the cigar market. It appeared that early packaging wasn't yet distinct – wrappers had
the subdue colours, while advertising display cards showed smokers in scenes of leisure and
comfort. The also stated that since the british believed that handmade meant higher quality, this then
began to influence the packaging of new mass produced cigarettes. The tobacco industries salesmen
worked hard to convert the japanese to American brands. Undeterred by the language barrier, the
cigarettes packaging and products spoke for themselves. Thibodeau and Martin (2000) stated that
even though the Meiji government stopped the importing of cigarettes to protect from the British
American Tobacco industry, they still continued to distribute a copycat version of BAT's tobacco
brand 'John Player'. The Japanese version looked exactly the same as the original with the same
design and typeface used, the only difference was that the japanese clearly couldn't figure out the
difference between the letters 'r' and 'l' and ended up calling it 'John ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The cigarette brand 'Chesterfield' which is seen in Fig.1.1 was redesigned by Liggett & Myers to
compete with fellow tobacco brand 'Lucky Strike'. It was marketed as a milder smoke that
"satisfies". Their design depicts a man smoking the cigarettes with an enormous grin on his face,
giving off the idea that it does satisfy people which is suggested on the packs cover. The 'Lucky
Strike' packaging seen in Fig 1 has a clean design with little colour applied to it. The packs consists
of a "simple red target on a green background, accompanied by two small bits of information – the
brand name and a little cursive slogan below it, they're toasted". (Thibodeau and Martin, 2000 p.16

Language and Power: Power Behind Discourse
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
SESSION TEN
LANGUAGE AND POWER (2): POWER BEHIND DISCOURSE
Main points in this session: 1. Power behind discourse: Standard language 2. Power behind
discourse: discourse types as 'effects of power' 3. Power and access to discourse
The idea of 'power behind discourse' is that the whole social order of discourse is put together and
held together as a hidden effect of power.
Fairclough (1989) = three aspects of 'power behind discourse', i.e. of hidden effects of power: 1.
Standard language 2. particular discourse types which can be considered 'effects of power' and
which are governed by conventions embodying particular power relations (e.g. medical, education,
law, religious discourse types) 3. access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his own words: 'There is an element of schizophrenia about standard English, in the sense that it
aspires to be (and is certainly portrayed as) a national language, and yet remains in many aspects a
class dialect. The power of its claims as a national language even over those whose use of it is
limited is apparent in the widespread self–depreciation of working–class people who say they do not
speak English, or do not speak 'proper' English. On the other hand, it is a class dialect not only in the
sense that its dominance is associated with capitalist class interests (...), but also because it is the
dominant block that makes most use of it, and gains most from it as an asset – as a form of 'cultural
capital' analogous to capital in the economic sense, (...)'. (1989: 57–8, emphasis in the original)
2. Power behind discourse: discourse types as 'effects of power' The second dimension of 'power
behind discourse' (under examination here) is that of particular discourse types which: –can be
considered 'effects of power'; –are governed by conventions embodying particular power relations; –
e.g.:

Malawi and Tobacco Essay
Malawi and Tobacco
What strategies can Malawi use to overcome problems relating to a change in demand of its main
export, tobacco.
QUESTION– what strategies can Malawi use to overcome problems relating to a change in demand
of its main export, tobacco?
Malawi, a LEDC, located in Southern Africa, has a population of 10 million. Tobacco is its main
export and this provides the majority of the countries export revenues. It has become dependant on
exporting tobacco to firms based in MEDC's such as the United States. Demand for cigarettes has
recently decreased because of health and ethical reasons. Cigarettes, has reached the end on its
product lifecycle.
However South East Asia remains a growing market, because of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It has external debts of £2.3bn and this is a huge factor in preventing internal development through
investment.
Although the country is rich in natural resources, such as, limestone, uranium, coal and bauxite,
these potential high value commodity products are unexploited. Capital intensive investment would
be required to use them and this is not available from within the country. The economy is
predominately agricultural with 90% of the population located in rural areas. Presently agriculture,
including tobacco–farming accounts for 37% of GDP and 85% of export revenues.
Malawi not only depends on tobacco to survive The World Bank and IMF provides large sums on
capital, creating debts that cannot be paid for. To change the countries economic position, in the
long–term the government will have to solve short–term humanitarian problems, to make the
country attractive to investors for example FDI's.
Basic needs are not being met; Malawi has a HIV epidemic, a life expectancy of 36 years and an
extremely poor standard of living (54% below the poverty line). Environmental issues include,
deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural run off, sewage, industrial wastes
and the situation of spawning grounds endanger fish population. The current food shortage will
affect up to 70% of the population. Up to 3.2 million of these will need food aid to avoid starvation.
Floods

Apush Summer Assignment
APUSH Summer Assignments
Chapter 1 New World Beginnings
1. About 225 million years ago, according to the theory of "Pangaea," the world was once a single
supercontinent that contained all the dry land. Approximately 10 million years ago, North America
was shaped by the majestic Canadian Shield. About 2 million years ago, in North America, the
grand glaciers laid the land of Canada and the United States, southbound as far as from
Pennsylvania all the way to the Pacific Northwest. Recently, about 135 million to 25 million years
ago, four massive ranges–the Rockies, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and the Coast Ranges, arose
in western North America. About 35000 years ago, the ancestors of the Native Americans, the
nomadic Asian hunters, first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1600, although the Spanish had most control in Central and South America, they have almost no
control in North America. From 1577 to 1580, English navigator, Francis Drake, circumnavigated
the globe and was knighted by Elizabeth I on the ship after attacking and pirating Spanish ships for
gold. However, the English failed embarrassingly at their earlier attempts at colonization in the
Americas. In 1594, Sir Walter Raleigh explored South America but failed to find the legendary
Seven City of gold El Dorado, which was his original motivation. During his journey, he also tried
to plunder a Spanish outpost; this caused him to be arrested and executed by the Spanish after his
return to England in 1618. The Roanoke Island Colony, also known as "The Lost Colony," was
established on Roanoke Island by Elizabeth I as a permanent English settlement; but it disappeared
during Anglo–Spanish War with no significant reason. In 1588, Spain sought revenge for Francis
Drake's attack and dispatched the Spanish Armada to attack the Britain but was defeated. This gave
the British a chance to cross the Atlantic Ocean and explore the

Bat Csr
1.0 Introduction
Business is generally known as an organisation, either as an individual or society that involved in
the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. As a whole, a business is doing commercially
viable and profitable work. The business world has moral that to survive in the industry to make
money and gain a face value and thus increase their share value or profit. To do this many
companies are working towards it. In order to gain continuous respect in the business world,
corporations take on a responsibility to assure the people of a country that this particular company
not just sells several products but also does something for the nation in return. This corporate self–
regulation is known as the Corporate Social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their strategy for delivering their astuteness is based on Growth, Productivity, Responsibility and
building a Winning Organization. These four majors are related to each other, and imperative for
carrying the profit growth and long term business sustainability.
As mentioned in the BAT's social report 2012, although the product that they sell is harmful, as their
product causes real risk to health, but people still buy it. BAT tries to keep people away from
smoking by writing a warning quote in the packet. This shows their social responsibility in the
socio–economic view, which means they will be selling the product and telling the people to stay
away from it.
It is proven that cigarette smoking is a cause of serious and fatal diseases and the only way to avoid
the health risks associated with tobacco products is to not use them (Pain et al, 2012). Therefore,
BAT has a responsibility to seek to reduce the health risks of their products.
BAT started clinical trials of a cigarette designed in 2011 to reduce the harm caused by existing
products. 300 volunteers in Germany took part in the first six–week trial, which shows that
prototypes substantially reduced exposure to some "toxicants" in tobacco smoke (Pain et al, 2012).
This research is being taken very seriously by BAT as they believe in reducing smokers' exposure to
cigarette

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)
_BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (BUBT)_ __ PREPARED
FOR FAYEZ AHMED Lecturer Department of Marketing Bangladesh University of Business and
Technology (BUBT) PREPARED BY GROUP– RIDERS NAME ID SECTION INTAKE Marium
Moushome 09103101008 1 22nd Apurba Kumar Ghosh 09103101009 1 22nd Shanto Kumar Ghosh
09103101017 1 22nd Mahmudur Rahman Kollol 09103101025 1 22nd Sajib Chandro Ghosh
09103101031 1 22nd Md. Jaed Hossain 09103101035 1 22nd _DATE OF SUBMISSION –_ 21TH
AUGUST 2013 WHAT IS FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS (FMCG)? FMCG (fast moving
consumer goods) is a term that is used to refer to those goods which are sold through retail stores.
These goods have a short period ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was Dr. John S. Pemberton who created this drink in 1886. Coca Cola touched base in every part
of the US by 1895. The company began its franchisee operations in 1899 and gradually it opened up
bottling plants in every corner of the globe. The universal popularity of Coca Cola is undisputed.
The Coca Cola syrup mixed with carbonated water created ripples everywhere and today you can
get a Coke in any part of the world. 5. PEPSICO: PepsiCo was created out of the amalgamation of
two companies named Pepsi Cola and Frito Lay. The company which was formed in 1965 has its
headquarters at Purchase in Harrison New York. It is a Fortune 500 company. PepsiCo is engaged in
the manufacture of snack foods (grain based), beverages and other similar products. One of its best
known brands is the cola beverage PEPSI–COLA. Created in 1893 its former name was 'Brad 's
Drink '. 6. BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO: Another multinational tobacco major is the British
American Tobacco company which is the world 's second largest tobacco company. It sells its
tobacco products in several top markets across the globe. Many world–famous cigarette brands are
manufactured by BAT. One of its top selling cigarette brands is PALL MALL. Some other leading
cigarette brands manufactured by the company are Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Vogue. 7
NOKIA: Nokia is a Finnish multinational engaged primarily in the

American English Vs. British English
Possible intro in part– There no questioning the diversity of language both in the number of
languages and within each language its self. These varieties, brought on by differences in culture,
class, region and ethnics play a vital role to humanity. It is important for language to change and
adapt because of the Identity it provides culturally, regionally, and ethnically, the efficiency it
provides in translations and usage, and the new concepts it must cover. One of the main benefits of
changes in a language is the Identity provided by those changes. For example in history one large
change in history established a crucial identity, that of the American English vs British English. Due
to the introduction of new fauna and physical features, along with required interactions between
those of different languages and dialects including Spanish, German, Irish and Ameridian, the
English language began to change (). It was during the colonies vie for independence that the sense
of Identity provided by subtle differences in the language became important (). Noah Webster, a
schoolmaster, acknowledged this when Webster established the Federal English as he called it. In his
reasoning's a new nation needed a new language (Companion). The change in language helped
distinguish America from a mere colony of Britain while maintaining a connection to its roots.
While in the last case, language provided Identity between the Mother Nation and its child, it can
also provide Identity

What Is Christopher Columbus's Accidental Discovery Of The...
Christopher Columbus' accidental discovery of the americas in 1492 exposed the "New World" to
the domination of European powers.Two of the greatest powers were Great Britain and Spain. Both
nations saw huge economical and political potential in the americas, however the two countries went
about accessing that potential very differently.
At first, Great Britain sent religious groups that it did not particularly agree with and convicted
criminals whom Britain had run out of room for to the New World to move them out of their way
and generate some revenue from lumber and crops in the process. Most of the labor force was
comprised of indentured servants and criminals. There were slaves in the British colonies, but their
popularity had not quite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In search of Glory, Gold, and God, Spanish explorers such as Hernando Cortes saw vast empires
such as the Inca and Aztec and began devising ways of tearing them to the ground. Not only were
the Spaniards vastly more technologically advanced than the Natives, but the Europeans brought a
secret weapon, more powerful than any sword, with them: smallpox. The disease spread like
wildfire in the unprotected Native populations, severely reducing their numbers before the Spanish
even reached them. Once the spaniards did reach the Empires of the Inca and Aztec, their horses,
armor, and weaponry was centuries ahead of the Natives' arsenal. These advantages, coupled with
the tactical minds of the conquistadors, spelled disaster for the Natives, despite vastly outnumbering
the conquistadors. The conquistadors would kidnap the ruler of the tribe or empire and hold them for
ransom before killing them, effectively dismantling the once powerful civilizations from the inside
out. Now all that is left of the ancient powerhouses of Central America are the ruins of their once
great

British American Tobacco Investment Strategies: Past 5 Years
Investment strategy
The information provided below have been mainly extracted from the Annual Reports of the five–
year period subject to analysis.
INTRODUCTION BOOK
In the last five years, the tobacco industry has remained fairly stable, with little M&A activity
undertaken by the leading industry players.
British American Tobacco aims to increase its market share and to become the biggest publicly–
listed tobacco company. In pursuing this intention (objective, goal), the company has completed a
number of strategic investments and partnerships focused on its future growth. The analysis is
conducted on a year–by–year basis, highlighting the most important M&A activities undertaken
by the company.
2011 has been an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The brand also involved in the agreement, Shuang Xi, was successfully launched in new markets,
such as Russia, Pakistan and Poland. Moreover, in the same year the company signed an agreement
for another joint venture with a Myanmar company, IMU Enterprise, part of the SWH group. The
agreement provides the manufacture, distribution and marketing of the UK–based company's
brands.
Thanks to these partnerships the total revenues for the Asia–Pacific region grew by 1.2% (at
constant rate of exchange), especially driven by an increase of volume mixed to an increase of price
in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia.
In 2014 the company stopped its share repurchase program to take part in the big deal involving the
RAI's acquisition of Lorillard. The acquired firm was the third largest American tobacco company
and the oldest continuously operating tobacco company in the United States. BAT invested £3.9bn
($4.7bn) in this deal to maintain its stake of 42% in Reynolds, which thanks to this acquisition
became the second largest tobacco company in the US behind Philip Morris International. This
investment led to a 2% increase (at constant rates of exchange) in the total contribution of Reynolds
for the year 2014 and an increase of the share of post–tax results of associates and joint ventures of
almost 25% (at constant rate of exchange) in 2015. This investment, together with the acquisition of
the remaining

Leadership In Jamestown
Jamestown was settled in 1606 and was the first successful British colonization of continental North
America. Like other attempts at settlements, Jamestown had rough beginnings. Due to a winter so
cruel that it almost wiped the colony out and relations with the Native Americans that were tenuous
at best, the settlers did not have large food supplies or hopes for Jamestown. Nevertheless the
settlement got back on its feet. Stellar leadership and the planting of tobacco were Jamestown's
saving grace, allowing it to grow, flourish, and set itself apart from the other colonies. Without
proper leadership, it becomes difficult for groups to succeed. Jamestown was faced, from their
beginning, with a major issue. Most of the settlers did not want to work, instead they wanted to look
for gold, ultimately causing a lack of food and all around preparedness. John Smith changed this,
"Taking over in 1608, he whipped the gold–hungry colonists into line with the rule 'He who shall
not work shall not eat'." (American Pageant, 22) With his golden rule, Smith perforated work and
change throughout the entire colony. Good leadership and a little tough–love pushed the colonists to
new limits and pulled Jamestown out of a depression. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jamestown initially used traditional farming methods, planting food to eat, not necessarily to sell,
but because of harsh winters and lack of workers this did not succeed initially and the settlers often
went hungry. Things really took off, when the colonists of Jamestown started harvesting tobacco,
"Virginia's prosperity was finally built on tobacco smoke" (22) Pushing the frontier on, the settlers
created large plantations for farming tobacco, creating a massive industry. The installation of
tobacco cultivation in Jamestown helped to cause the progression from dying settlement to
profitable

Business Ethics : British American Tobacco
In this assignment I will be explaining the ethical issues that British American Tobacco needs to
consider in its operational activities. BAT is a world leading multinational companies, their products
ranges from cigarettes to tobaccos which you can roll or make your own tobacco.
Ethics is how people should behave which includes the values and belief of human conduct.
Business ethics is the policies and practices of the business which is regarding a contentious issue,
such as corporate governance.
The meaning of corporate governance is when the company is controlled and directed in a
systematic way which includes rules, practices and processes. This is a way for managers to
accomplish the responsibilities.
Corporate social responsibility is recognises the businesses' impact on individuals, communities and
society. Once the impact is recognised, it must be removed and must minimise the obligation.
People like businesspeople and writer who concerned about the social and environmental destructive
activity of the business. The approach ' triple bottom line' which refers to profit, social impact and
environmental impact help to minimise the negative impacts businesses' have on societies and
ecosystems.
Sustainability is the approach that businesses' use in order to not cause damages on their future
resources.
A sustainable approach
British American Tobacco focuses on their sustainability in order to progress, their strong market
performance delivers value to their

The South As Defined By The Crops Grown Within The...
The South as Defined by the Crops Grown Within the Plantation System
John Shelton Reed asked, ""The South: Where is it? What is it?" (Reed 1994, 5). This paper will
define the American South by the crops grown within the plantation system from the American
Colonial period through the end of the antebellum period. The South has been an economically
distinctive region reflected by the historic dominance of the plantation system.
For this paper, the crops grown within the plantation system include tobacco, indigo, rice,
sugarcane, and cotton. Tobacco, indigo, rice, sugarcane, and cotton were valuable plants and grown
as cash crops. Cash crops, as opposed to subsistence crops, are specialized crops that are grown to
be sold for profits and not used for personal use on the plantations. Plantation owners had no trouble
transporting their crops because of the many waterways in the Southern colonies that made it made
it easy for ocean–going ships to tie up at plantation docks. A plantation is defined as a large piece of
land (or water) usually in a tropical or semitropical area where one crop is intentionally planted for
widespread commercial sale and usually tended by resident laborers.
"Let us begin by discussing the weather," wrote U. B. Phillips in 1929. (Reed 1994, 7). The weather,
that distinguished Southern historian asserted, "Has been the chief agency in making the South
distinctive. It fostered the cultivation of the staple crops, which promoted the plantation system,

The Relationship Between Smuggling And The Consumer...
The relationship between smuggling and the consumer revolution undeniably goes hand and hand.
However, the political, social, and economic factors that drove this relationship to occur are quite
complex. The consumer revolution that took place in Great Britain during the early 18th century was
a result of England adopting mercantilism as their primary economic system. The goal was to
increase the nations wealth through government regulation. Therefore, maximizing exports and
limiting imports. As a result, consumers in England were almost solely able to reap the economic
benefits of the vast luxury materials such as tobacco, sugar, and tea; that were being produced
(mostly by slaves) in the American colonies. Naturally, this would ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, this allowed the British to restrict Dutch shipping. Since the Dutch were the biggest
trade rival of the British at the time, the trade restrictions allowed for British merchants to continue
becoming extremely wealthy as a result of the trade monopoly they had created. However, colonial
merchants suffered from these Acts as the cost of imports became higher and their benefits on
exports became lower than if they were under a free trade system. Due to the expense of exporting
their goods under monopolistic law, a merchant colonist found it much cheaper to engage in
smuggling. Thus by engaging in illicit trade and smuggling forbidding under the terms of the
Navigation Acts, colonist imported and exported tobacco, sugar, cotton, and wool with nations such
as France, Spain, and the Dutch at a much cheaper price. However, engaging in smuggling came
with the risk of being caught by the British navy, therefore smugglers used tactics similar to that of
the pirates of the "Golden Age" to conceal their intentions. For example, on October 11th 1804, the
vessel "The Lion" smuggled under the guise as "Spanyarizeing" themselves. In other words they
knew if they were to successfully sell of their goods they had to

Political, Social, and Economic Causes of the American...
It is easy to interpret the American Revolution simply as a struggle for freedom. The magnanimous
phrases of the Declaration of Independence have embedded in our hearts and minds glorious images
of the Founding Fathers fighting for the natural rights of man. The American Revolution, however,
also had a darker side to it, the side of self–interest and profit. The signers of the Declaration
represented various classes – the working class, the wealthy land owners and merchants, the
intellectuals, and the social elite. Each of these strata had its own set of expectations and fears,
which lent a new dimension to the cause of the Revolution. The pressure of these internal, and often
overlapping groups, combined with the oppressive external ... Show more content on
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Local artisans, laborers, and small merchants who traded outside of the British Empire, embraced
the boycott of British goods and severance with England entirely because it afforded them economic
opportunities that made the risk of revolution worthwhile (p. 145, Berkin). These groups had been
living under the yoke of unfair taxation and an inexhaustible source of British competition in labor
and goods. Revolution, for them, meant "a release from Britain's mercantile policies, which
restricted colonial trade with other nations, held out the promise of expanded trade and an end to the
risks of smuggling (p. 145, Berkin)."
Another large group, the Southern planters (of which Thomas Jefferson belonged), also had
economic motives to end ties with England. These elite Southern planters were land owners who
had cornered the world market on tobacco. The only problem was, they were not the ones who
marketed it. As it stood, pre–Revolution, the South planted and harvested the cash crop, while the
British hauled it away and sold it. They did not haul it for free, either. "By 1760 [English duties on
tobacco] had risen as high as 15 times the value of the tobacco (Fourth International, Frankel)."
Jefferson, himself said
The advantages made by the British merchants on the tobacco consigned to them were so enormous,
that they spared no means of

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