its contains issues of Baluchistan

3. Presented By:
Shamas Imran
Arooj Ashraf
Muhammad Hashim

4. Islamic Republic Pakistan:
Before we learn about Bloachistan we must know some details about Islamic
Republic Pakistan:
Four provinces
Balochistan
Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa
Punjab Fata
Sindh
Azad Jammu Kashmir
Gilgit Baltistan

5. Map of Balochistan:

6. Geography of Bloachistan
• Bloachistan is basically divided in 3 countries which are: Islamic Republic
Pakistan , Afghanistan and Iran.
• Balochistan is the largest province of Islamic Republic Pakistan included 44%
land mass with 5% of country population and covering an area of 347,194
squares Kilometers.
• It has 30 districts with 232 tribes. Hazara’s, Sindhi’s, Baloch’s, Brahui’s and
Pashtun’s are the main ethnic groups.
• Balochistan is a land of contrast with rugged mountains, plain fertile land, and
deserted areas.

7. • Balochistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the north and northwest, Iran to the
southwest, Punjab & Sindh to the East and Federally Administered Tribal Area
(FATA) & Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa (KPK) to the Northwest.
• Balochistan is like a piece of meat between the hungry wolves because of its
unique geographical significance and rich natural resources offering both
opportunity and challenges.
• Balochistan is competing the global interest because of its760 kilometers
coastline of Arabian Sea on the south and provided a ‘Back Door’ transportation
corridor into western China.

8. Border of Bloachistan Province:

9. History of Balochistan During British Era:
• Pashtunistan and Baluchistan have long complicated relations with Afghanistan.
• In 1861, Jam of Las Bella, Mir Khan II strengthening its control over large area of
Balochistan through helping considerably British Government to safeguard the
telegraph line and received an amount of 900 per month from British
government.
• In 1883, the Khan of Kallat leased the Quetta district and adjoining territories to
the British government at the annual grant of Rs. 25000.

10. Contd…..
• 1885, Sardar Maher Ullah Marri sold all minerals and petroleum rights of
Khattan region to the British government for a worthless sum of 200 per month
for unlimited time.
• Controversies involving these areas date back to the establishment of the Durand
Line in 1893 dividing Pashtoon and Baluch tribes living in Afghanistan from
those living in what later became Islamic Republic Pakistan.
• Since 1947, this problem has led to incidents along the border, with extensive
disruption of normal trade patterns.

11. Balochistan Pact with Islamic Republic Pakistan
• Balochistan contained a Chief Commissioner's province and four princely states
under the British Raj.
• The province's Shahi Jirga and the non-official members of the Quetta Municipality
opted for Islamic Republic Pakistan unanimously on 29 June 1947.
• The Baloch leaders rejected the accession to Islamic Republic Pakistan but Khan of
Kalat; Mir Ahmad Yar Khan signed the document of accession after the extreme
pressure and threat by Islamic Republic Pakistan on March 27, 1948.
• Three of the princely states, Makran, Las Bela and Kharan, acceded to Islamic
Republic Pakistan in 1947 after independence.

12. Quaid e Azam saying:

13. Culture of Balochistan:
• Though Balochistan is an area of barren lands, deserts and mountains. The
Baloch culture is full of traditions, arts and crafts.
• Balochi embroidery is one of the most popular arts and crafts which are done by
the females.
• Both religious and social festivals are celebrated by Baloch people. The religious
festivals are same as across the country like Eid-ul-Azha and Eid-ul-Fiter.
• Baloch culture is rich in folk music dances and songs. Famous wedding songs of
Baloch culture are Nazenk and Salonk.

14. Language of Balochistan:
• Balochi
• Brahui language
• Dehwari language
• Pashto language
• Seraiki language

15. Insurgency in Balochistan:
• In Pakistan's Balochistan province, insurgencies by Baloch nationalists have been
fought in 1948, 1958–59, 1963–69 and 1973–77, with an ongoing and reportedly
stronger, broader insurgency beginning in 2003 and the last one which is
continue till is zarb e azb.
• Rich in natural resources like natural gas, oil, coal, copper, sulphur, fluoride and
gold, this is the least developed province in Islamic Republic Pakistan.
• Armed groups demand greater control of the province's natural resources and
political autonomy.

16. First Conflict 1948:
• On the night of 27th March, 1948, All India radio, Delhi announced that the
Indian union had rejected the Kalat request of accession with India. With this
announcement, the Khan of Kalat issued a statement on 28 March 1948, that,
“It had never been my intention to accede to India and I immediately decided to
accede to Islamic Republic Pakistan,”.
• Three states of Kalat including Kharan, Las Bela and Mekran were decided as a
state of Islamic Republic Pakistan on March 17, 1948.

17. Cont.…..
• The state size of Kalat were much reduced due to leaving it largely isolated as
well as coastal areas.
• After three months of accession of Kalat, a conflict took place when a small
group of Islamic Republic Pakistan army fights with Prince Abdul Karim along
with his followers.
• Thus in 1948, the Baloch national movement was crushed by Islamic Republic
Pakistan Army but the surviving leaders and their new supporters continued the
movement on various lines until now.

18. Liaqat Ali Khan in Qillat:

19. Second Conflict 1958-1959:
• The second uprising in Balochistan took place during Ayub Khan era
when he announce the plan of “One-Unit” and merged Balochistan with the West
Islamic Republic Pakistan.
• . In October 1957, Khan of Kalat along with his 44 tribal Sardars demanded the
elimination of “One-Unit” system and reclaiming the original position of the
Kalat State.
• On 6th October, 1958, military operation commence in Balochistan to repress the
demonstration of self-determination.

20. • The Khan and his advisors along with 300 Baloch’s arrested and his property
was confiscated.
• The head of Zarakzai Tribes, Nawab Nauroz Khan Zarakzai stand up against
government in 1958.
• More then 1000 men joined them and start a gorilla war.
• Nauroz Khan and his followers were arrested and charged with disloyalty in
Hyderabad Jail.
• Five of his family members including his son and nephews were verdict to death
penalty. Nauroz Khan was 90 years old at that time so he was given
imprisonment of life time and he later died in 1964.

21. Third conflict 1963-1969:
• Although the second insurgency was crushed but that was the new beginning of
Baloch Nationalism inspired by Nauroz Khan’s struggle.
• In 1963, Baloch Nationalists Group under command of Sher Mohammad Marri
began an all out guerrilla war.
• He organized “Parari Movement” with 400 warriors.
• He was controlling two commands first was Northern command of Marri-Bughti
under his direct supervision and second Southern Command in Jhalawan
headed by Ali Mohammad Mengal.

22. • In 1968, Major General Tikka Khan struck the Parari movement but face tough
resistance.
• Government removed the major tribal Sardars, Akbar Bughti, Attaullah Mengal
and Khair Bakhsh Marri to smash the power of Sardars.
• The Parari movement gained force and the Baloch Peoples Liberation Front
(BPLF) became stronger with huge support of Baloch youth.
• There were almost 900 guerrillas activists engaged with the army over an area of
4000 square miles.
• Sher Muhammad Marri was inspired by the concept of “Popular War” practiced
by Vietnam, Cuba and China.
• Though Baloch resistance was crushed many times came to end when Ayub
khan resign and Yahiya khan declare first free election in Balochistan.

23. Fourth Conflict 1973:
• In 1973, citing treason, President Bhutto dismissed the provincial governments of
Balochistan and NWFP and imposed martial law in those areas, which led to armed
insurgency.
• Khar bakash marri formed the Balochistan People's Liberation Front (BPLF), which led
large numbers of Marri and Mengal tribes men into guerrilla warfare against the central
government.
• The Pakistani military lost 300 to 400 soldiers during the conflict with the Balochi
separatists, while between 7,300 and 9,000 Balochi militants and civilians were killed.
• The insurgency fell into decline after a return to the four-province structure and the
abolishment of the Sardari system.

24. Fifth conflict 2003:
• Now a fifth is underway and this time the insurgents have gone a step further
and are striving for secession.
• The affairs of Balochistan took another turn after the ending of democratic
period of Islamic Republic Pakistan when Nawaz Sharif’s government was
overthrown by General Pervez Musharraf in October 12, 1999.
• The 1999 Martial Law expanded the gap between Baloch and the centre. As
Attaullah Mengal pointed out that the Baloch have always been discriminated
against by the Punjabi dominated federal government.

25. • Quetta, the provincial capital, has experienced serious ethnic violence that has
led to gun battles in the streets and the imposition of curfews.
• President Pervez Musharraf had to undertake delicate balancing to carry out
operations against al-Qaeda in these areas.
• In 2005, the Baluch political leaders Nawab Akbar Khan Bugthi and Mir Baloch
Marri presented a 15-point agenda to the Islamic Republic Pakistan government.
• On 15 December 2005 inspector general of the Frontier Corps, Major General
Shujaat Zamir Dar and his deputy Brigadier Salim Nawaz were wounded after
shots were fired at their helicopter in the Balochistan province.
• Nawab Bugthi was then appointed governor of Balochistan and remained a
trusted and favored ally of all the governments till the early years of the
Musharraf regime.

26. • That from 2003 a migration started from various districts of Balochistan, in
particular from Dera Bugti, Kohlu, Marri area, Kahan, Panjgur, Awaran,
Barkhan, Jabbar and Pekal.
• In August 2006, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugthi, 79 years old, was killed in fighting
with the Islamic Republic Pakistan Army in which at least 60 Pakistani soldiers
and 7 officers were killed.
• He was charged by Pakistan's government of a series of bomb blasts, killings of
the people.
• On 12 August 2009, Khan of Kalat Mir Suleiman Dawood declared himself ruler
of Balochistan and formally announced a Council for Independent Balochistan.
• Nawabzada Bramdagh Bugti." He claimed that the UK had a moral
responsibility to raise the issue of Balochistan’s illegal occupation at international
level."

27. Sixth conflict (operation Zarb e Azb):
• Zarb e azb operation is started on 15th June 2014.
• It was declared by Nawaz Sharif and Raheel Sharif.
• The operation is going against the bla , blf and other militant groups in
Balochistan.
• During this operation many militants cross the durned line and take shelter in
Afghanistan.
• In this operation the law enforcement agencies got proof of Indian and afghan
agencies involved in Balochistan.

28. • During the operation agencies caught Indian spy Kalbshuan yadhav which is the
main person who involved in terrorism in the Islamic Republic Pakistan and
supporting the militants of Balochistan.
• In zarb e azb operation the major role is playing by the frontier corps and
political parties.
• Zarb e azb is now in its final stage where the operation “rudd ul fasad” started
which’s main purpose to counter the facilitator of the terrorist.
• Many of Baloch militants surrender and starts the new life.

29. Reasons of Baloch Perfidious :
• Education
• Lack of political system
• Human rights
• Foreign support
• Conclusion

30. Education:
• Balochistan is the largest and well-off province in Islamic Republic Pakistan.
Unluckily, the government is not paying any attention towards the educational.
• The leadership in Balochistan claims that they will bring development despite
their in their all claims child Labour is increasing instead of decreasing.
• Students are cheating instead of learning and the illiteracy rate is growing
rapidly in place of elimination.
• Due to lack of education Baloch youngsters involve in terrorist activist activities.
• Nearly 67 percent of persons in Balochistan were illiterate.

31. Lack of Political System:
• The Baloch people have never had their required representation in politics,
including the military.
• Sometimes they were not able to complete their tenure in the provincial council
of Baluchistan due to political exclusion tendency of the central government.
• The Military coup in 1999 that brought Parvez Musharraf into power increased
the sense of general alienation among the Baloch.
• Due to no proper representation Baloch people loose courage towards the
Islamic Republic Pakistan and the conflicts began.

35. Human Rights:
• It is reported that from 2003 to 2008 more than 8000 people were kidnapped.
• Cases of torture have also been reported.
• Bodies are found with physical evidence of torture such as burn marks, broken
limbs, nails pulled out and drill holes in the head.
• Baloch people and there fuddles target Islamic Republic Pakistan forces for their
missing persons.
• But on the other hand many of them is working under ground or working on
foreign agenda to de stabilize Islamic Republic Pakistan and Balochistan.

36. Foreign support:
• The government of Islamic Republic Pakistan has accused the Indian
government and occasionally the United States for supporting the Baluch
movement to destabilize the country.
• Both countries have rejected these claims. Bughti, the prominent leader of
Baluchistan, stated that he would accept aid from India, Iran, and Afghanistan to
help in the defence of Baluchistan.
• The role of Iraq and Iran are also important in the case of Baluchistan because of
their support to the Shia Muslims.

37. Conclusion of Conflicts in Balochistan:
• The given 4 points education , political , system human rights and foreign
funding plays a massive role in Baloch insurgences.
• Till the Baloch youngsters don’t get equal paths for progress they would be
victim of the such situations in which they involve in anti state activates.
• Every one knows Balochistan is a land of minerals and the land.
• Baloch should get the special place in CPEC rather than other provinces.

38. Resources of Balochistan
• Balochistan is the backbone of Islamic Republic Pakistan, as Balochistan is full of
natural resources.
• Natural gas
• Metallic minerals
• Non metallic minerals

39. Natural gas:
• Natural gas was discovered at Sui gas field in 1952.
• By 1955 and being supplied in different cities of the country.
• The capital Quetta, received gas supply as late as 1970.
• Today Sui gas is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, located in Dera Bugthi.
• The saddening news is that still many places of Balochistan are without Sui gas.
The first provinces were Punjab and Sindh, who were being supplied Sui gas.

40. Metallic minerals:
Metallic mineral deposits discovered in Balochistan province are copper, chromite,
iron, lead-zinc Titanium, Manganese and antimony.
Copper:
copper have been discovered by the Geological Survey of Islamic Republic
Pakistan and foreign investors in Chagai district of Balochistan at Saindak, Koh-i-
Dalil, Dash-i-Kain, Durban Chah, Kabul Koh, Ziarat Pir Sultan Rekodiq and a
number of other places.

41. Chromite:
There are a number of small deposits and occurrences of chromite in various parts
of Islamic Republic Pakistan, but commercial production has been almost entirely
restricted to Balochistan. Balochistan and Wadh deposits of Khuzdar district in
southern Balochistan. The deposits are characterized by variable sizes and forms.
The ore bodies are generally small and average 5,000 to 10,000 tons, In Wad area,
chromite is lumpy in nature and of good quality.
Iron ore:
Several deposits of iron ore have been found in Chagai district of Balochistan. Most
of these are fairly rich in iron but small in size. Notable deposits of iron ore occur
at Pachin Koh, Chigendik and Chilgazi in Chagai district and Dilband area of Kalat
district. Total estimated iron ore reserves are about 273 million tons.

42. Lead-zinc:
A number of lead-zinc occurrences have been identified in Lasbella and Khuzdar
districts. Three of these occurrences, at Duddar, Gunga and Surmai, have been
evaluated by the Geological Survey of Islamic Republic Pakistan. Total reserves of
lead-zinc, estimated so far, stand at over 26 million tons
Antimony Ore:
Antimony ore is found near Qila Abdullah. These occurrences are small and only a
few are being mined annually at present.

43. Non metallic minerals:
Non-metallic mineral deposits of Balochistan include coal, fluorite, barite gypsum
and anhydrite, limestone and dolomite, magnetite, onyx, marble, sand and gravel
and sulphur.
Coal:
Coal in Balochistan is found in 5 coal namely; (i) Mach Abegum (ii) Khost-Shahrig-
Harnai, (iii) SorRange-Sinjidi-Degari, (iv) Dukki, (v) Pir IsmailZiarat –Chamalong.
Total estimated reserves of all the coal fields are 217 million tons

44. Fluorite:
Substantial reserves of fluorite are found at Maran, Phad-i-Maran and Dilband
areas of Mustang district. The total estimated reserves are about 100,000 tons.
Barite:
Huge reserves of barite are found in Lasbella and Khuzdar districts of Balochistan.
Total estimated reserves are over 30 million tons. The Khuzdar barite is being
mined open-pit method. Average annual production is about 25,000 tons.
Magnesite:
Magnesite occurs at Wad in Khuzdar district and Muslim Bagh area of Qila
Shafiullah district. Total estimated reserves are not exactly known. However, the
deposits are small.

45. Influence in Balochistan:
• Every country of world knows the price of resources which Balochistan keep.
• There are many factors by which the other neighbour countries conflict in
Balochistan and one of them is natural resources.
• In Balochistan there are some groups that’s want to hold these natural resources.
• In which the some famous are Baloch liberation army, Baloch liberation force
and some other organizations.

46. Iran influence in Balochistan:
• As we know a little part of Balochistan is merged in Iran.
• Balochistan is rich in natural minerals. Moreover Iran don’t want to watch
Gwadar port as main terminal for the any kind of trading.
• Iran influencing in Balochistan since CPEC is announced.
• Irani forces some times launch rocket launcher and some time rule out the
border territories. A JF-17 fighter jet of Islamic Republic Pakistan Air Force,
reportedly equipped with a third-generation, short-range air-to-air PL-5EII
missile, shot down an Iranian spy drone . The drone was operating illegally
inside Pakistani airspace. This was not the first Iranian drone secretly flying
missions inside Islamic Republic Pakistan.

47. Afghan influence in Balochistan
• Afghanistan don’t admit the reality of durned line and always thought
Balochistan is the part of the Afghanistan
• Inspector General of Frontier Corps (FC) Balochistan Major General Sher Afgan
said that spy agencies including Afghanistan’s National Directorate of Security
(NDS) were fuelling terrorism in Balochistan to destabilise Islamic Republic
Pakistan.
• “Unfortunately enemies of Islamic Republic Pakistan had been using our people
against our state but we have been fighting against NDS and other agencies
because now people are standing with their forces,” he added.

48. Indian Influence in Balochistan
• On March 24th 2016, the Pakistani security officials claims they had arrested an
Indian national somewhere in Balochistan and now they describe it as the
“evidence” of Indian involvement in the restive province.
• The Indian Ministry of External Affairs has also confirmed that Mr. Kulbhushan
yadhav, a Navy officer, has been arrested.
• Some time ago Indian defence sectary statements he said “if any terror attack
happen in Indian main cities u should loose Balochistan” by Mr ajit deval.

49. USA influence in Balochistan:
• A high-level delegation of Pakistani officials in Washington D.C. days after the
discovery of mass graves for which the Amnesty International has blamed the
Pakistani State.
• Since most of the supplies to NATO forces stationed in Afghanistan pass from
Balochistan, Mr. Gohmert proposed that the United States should support a free
Baloch state.
• He made this demand days after meeting with exiled Baloch leaders Hairbayar
Marri and Suleman Dawood, the Khan of Kalat, in London. According to one report
State Department officials also accompanied Mr. Gohmert during his meeting with
the Baloch leaders.

50. Balochistan and Israel:
• In the whole world only 2 states are based on religion one of them is Islamic
republic Islamic Republic Pakistan and second is Israel.
• Both are against each other, there revelry not based on religion but its large effect
of Arab Israel wars.
• Pakistani newspaper reports have routinely accused the State of Israel of being
one of the main sponsors of terrorism in Balochistan.
• In the past Baloch nationalists in Islamic Republic Pakistan, influenced by Soviet
communism, used to nurture a soft spot for the Palestinian national movement.

51. Gwadar :
• Before we know about CPEC we must know about Gwadar.
• The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, approximately 700 kilometres to
the west of Pakistan's largest city, Karachi.
• In 1947 Gwadar is basically under Sultanate of Muscat and Oman until Prince Karim
Aga Khan IV purchased the territory on September 8, 1958 and gifted it to Islamic
Republic Pakistan.
• Islamic Republic Pakistan assumed control of the territory on December 8, 1958, and
the territory was later integrated into Balochistan province on July 1, 1970,
as Gwadar District.

52. Gwadar port:
• A tax free, warm-water, deep-sea port situated on Arabian sea at Gwadar
in Balochistan province of Islamic Republic Pakistan.
• Gwadar's potential to be a deep water sea port was first noted in 1954, while the
city was still under Omani suzerainty.
• Pakistan's interest in Gwadar started when, in 1954, it engaged united state
geological survey (USGS) to conduct a survey of its coastline.

53. Gwadar port location:
• The port is located 533 km from Pakistan's largest city, Karachi and is
approximately 120 km from the Iranian border. It is located 380 km (240 mi)
away from Oman and near key oil shipping lanes from the Persian Gulf.
• The greater surrounding region is home to around two-thirds of the world's
proven oil reserves.
• It is also the nearest warm-water seaport to the landlocked but hydrocarbon
rich, Central Asian Republics as well as Afghanistan.

54. Construction of Gwadar port:
• Before construction of Gwadar port some fisherman lived here.
• A small wharf at Gwadar was completed in 1992, and formal proposals for a
deep sea port at Gwadar were unveiled a year later in 1993.
• After 1993 construction of Gwadar port is divided into two phases:
• Phase 1
• Phase 2

56. Phase One(2002-2006):
• The first phase of construction at Gwadar Port began in 2002, and was completed
in 2006, before inauguration in 2007.
• Berths: 3 Multipurpose Berths (capacity: bulk carriers of 30,000 deadweight
tonnage and container vessels of 25,000 DWT)
• Length of Berths: 602 m in total
• Approach Channel: 4.5 km long dredged to 12.5 m depth
• Turning basin: 450 m diameter

57. Contd…
• Service Berth: One 100 m Service Berth
• Related port infrastructure and handling equipment, pilot boats, tugs, survey
vessels, etc.
• Built at a cost of $248 million.

59. Phase Two (on going)
• The second phase of construction is currently underway as part of planned
improvements under CPEC and other ancillary projects. The total project is
expected to cost $1.02 billion.
• 4 Container Berths along 3.2 kilometres of shoreline
• 1 Bulk Cargo Terminal (capacity: 100,000 DWT ships)
• 1 Grain Terminal
• 1 Ro-Ro Terminal

60. Contd…..
• 2 Oil Terminals (capacity: 200,000 DWT ships each)
• Approach Channel: To be dredged to 14.5 m depth
• 4 lane expressway to connect the port to the Makran Coastal Highway
• New international airport to be built in vicinity of the port
• Floating liquefied natural gas terminal with capacity of 500 million cubic feet of gas per day
• 2,292 acre special economic zone to be developed adjacent to port
• Desalination plant
• 360 megawatt coal-fired power plant

62. CPEC Routes with Different Countries:

63. China–Islamic Republic Pakistan Economic
Corridor:
• Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now worth $
62 billion.
• On 13 November 2016, CPEC became partly operational when Chinese cargo
was transported overland to Gwadar port for onward maritime shipment
to Africa and west Asia.
• Pakistani officials predict that CPEC will result in the creation of upwards of 2.3
million jobs between 2015–2030, and add 2 to 2.5 percentage points to the
country's annual economic growth.

64. Background of CPEC:
• Chinese interest in Pakistan's deep-water harbour at Gwadar had been rekindled by
1998 and in 2002 China began construction at Gwadar port which was completed in
2006.
• Expansion of Gwadar Port then ceased thereafter owing to political instability in
Islamic Republic Pakistan following the fall of General Pervez Musharraf
and subsequent conflict between the Pakistani state and Taliban militants.
• The current form of the project was first proposed by Islamic Republic Pakistan
Peoples Party when President Asif Ali Zardari invited heads of all the political
parties to a Lunch in honour of the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Aiwan-e-Sadr
on 22 May 2013 and agreed to build an economic corridor between the two countries

65. Contd….
• In February 2014, Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain visited China to
discuss the plans for an economic corridor in Islamic Republic Pakistan.
• Two months later, Islamic Republic Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif met
with Premier Li Kequiang in China to discuss further plans.
• In November 2014, Chinese government announced its intention to finance
Chinese companies as part of its $45.6 billion energy and infrastructure projects
in Islamic Republic Pakistan as part of CPEC.

66. Announcement of CPEC:
• During the state visit of Xi Jinping to Islamic Republic Pakistan in April 2015, he
wrote in an open editorial stating: "This will be my first trip to Islamic Republic
Pakistan, but I feel as if I am going to visit the home of my own brother.“
• On 20 April 2015, Islamic Republic Pakistan and China signed an agreement to
commence work on the $46 billion agreement, which is roughly 20% of
Pakistan's annual GDP.
• $28 billion worth of fast-tracked "Early Harvest" projects to be developed by the
end of 2018.

68. Projects in Gwadar Port and City:
• Gwadar Port Complex
• Projects in Gwadar city
• Roadway projects
• Railway projects
• Energy sector projects

70. Gwadar Port Complex:
• Initial infrastructure works at Gwadar Port commenced in 2002 and were
completed in 2007.
• Under CPEC agreement, Gwadar Port will initially be expanded and upgraded
to allow for docking of larger ships with deadweight tonnage of up to 70,000.
• The special economic zone will be completed in three phases. By 2025, it is
envisaged that manufacturing and processing industries will be developed,
while further expansion of the zone is intended to be complete by 2030.

71. Projects in Gwadar City:
• China will grant Islamic Republic Pakistan $230 million to construct a new
international airport in Gwadar which is to be operational by December 2017 ,
the costs of which are to be fully funded by grants from the Chinese government
which Islamic Republic Pakistan will not be obliged to repay.
• The city of Gwadar is further being developed by the construction of a 300MW
coal power plant, a desalinisation plant, and a new 300 bed hospital.

72. Roadway projects:
• The CPEC project envisages major upgrades and overhauls to Pakistan's
transportation infrastructure. Under the CPEC project, China has announced
financing for $10.63 billion worth of transportation infrastructure so far; $6.1 billion
have been allocated for constructing "Early Harvest" roadway projects at an interest
rate of 1.6 percent.
• Three corridors have been identified for cargo transport: the Eastern Alignment
though the heavily populated provinces of Sindh and Punjab where most industries
are located, the Western Alignment through the less developed and more sparsely
populated provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, and the future
Central Alignment which will pass through Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and
Balochistan.

73. Railway Projects:
• The CPEC project emphasises major upgrades to Pakistan's ageing railway
system including rebuilding of the entire Main Line 1 railway between Karachi
and Peshawar by 2020.
• Buy of new initial 250 new passenger coaches, and reconstruction of 21 train
stations are also planned as part of the first phase of the project – bringing the
total investment in Pakistan's railway system to approximately $5 billion by the
end of 2019.

74. Energy Sector:
• Energy generation will be a major focus of the CPEC project, with
approximately $33 billion expected to be invested in this sector.
• In Balochistan province, a $970 million coal power plant at Hub, near Karachi,
with a capacity of 660MW to be built by a joint consortium of China's China
Power Investment Corporation and the Pakistani firm Hub Power Company as
part of a larger $2 billion project to produce 1,320MW from coal.
• A 300MW coal power plant is also being developed in the city of Gwadar, and is
being financed by a 0% interest loan.

75. Security Issues:
Balochistan is a land of piece where many forces work on the same time to protect
there own interest.
• Security Forces
• Baloch militants
• Tehrik- I -Taliban militants
• Allegations of Indian subversion

76. Security Forces:
• Islamic Republic Pakistan Navy and Chinese Navy ships are to jointly guard the
safety and security of the trade corridor, as Islamic Republic Pakistan seeks to
expand the role of its maritime forces. From December 2016, Pakistan's Navy
established a special taskforce "TF-88" to ensure there is maritime security for
trade.
• China plans to transfer 4 ships to the Maritime Security Agency with two ships
called PMSS Hingol and PMSS Basol.
• Pakistani Army will deploy 12,000 troops to safeguard the route.

77. Baloch Militants:
• Baluchistan province has been site of nationalist and separatist
insurgencies, which Islamic Republic Pakistan alleges are supported by Indian
intelligence services, but has yet not provided any credible evidence on.
• Exiled Baloch nationalist Hyrbyair Marri in 2016 warned the safety of Chinese
nationals working on the project could not be guaranteed, though violence in the
region peaked in 2013 before sharply declining.
• In 2016 after the launch of a reconciliation programme many Baloch militant
commanders surrender in front of forces.

78. Tehrik- E -Taliban Militants:
• The outlawed terrorist organisation Tehrik- e -Taliban has claimed responsibility
for past attacks on some Chinese nationals, and Chinese commentators have
raised concerns that the safety of construction workers could be under threat.
• 2016 saw the lowest number of deaths from acts of violence since the current
wave of violence began in 2007.
• Though terrorism-related deaths decline in Islamic Republic Pakistan as a whole
in 2016, the toll rose slightly in Baluchistan, where Tehrik-e -Taliban militants
maintain a degree of subversive capability. In August 2016, Quetta was struck by
terrorists suicide bombing which killed 70 people.

79. Allegations of Indian Subversion:
• Chinese intelligence agencies have also reportedly shared information with
Pakistani authorities regarding alleged efforts by the India's Research and
Analysis Wing to subvert CPEC.
• In March 2016, Islamic Republic Pakistan Reported that it had arrested a
suspected terrorist spy from India's Research and Analysis Wing, Kulbhushan
Yadav who Pakistan Intelligence accused of entering Islamic Republic Pakistan
from Iran specifically to destabilize regions in Pakistan's Baluchistan province
along with terrorist organization Tehrik-i-Taliban and Baloch liberation army
(B.L.A) in order to hinder implementation of CPEC projects.

80. Contd….
• Former Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif in April 2016 accused India's
Research and Analysis Wing of destabilizing Islamic Republic Pakistan in an
attempt to disrupt and stymie implementation of various CPEC projects.
• Pakistan's Secretary of Defence Lieutenant General Alam Khattak stated in April
2016 that the arrest of Kulbhushan Yadav indicated Indian interference in CPEC,
and further alleged that India's Research and Analysis Wing, in collusion with
Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security had set up a dedicated espionage
unit with express intent to sabotage CPEC.

81. Baloch Nationalist:
• Some Baloch nationalists have opposed the large-scale development projects
envisioned by CPEC, fearing that such developments in the province would
eventually result in local residents "losing control" over natural resources.
• The Pakistani government announced its intention to establish a training
institute named Pak-China Technical and Vocational Institute at Gwadar which
is to be completed at the cost of 943 million rupees to impart skills to local
residents to train them to operate machinery at the port.

82. Gwadar Resident’s Concerns:
• While nationalists openly oppose CPEC, some local leaders and residents of
Gwadar city have also expressed concern in regards to the project – the head of
Gwadar's local fisherman association stated in an interview with NBC News that
"Development is good, China is our great friend, this CPEC thing
sounds amazing, but don't forget that this is our land, first.“
• Other residents doubt they will see any of the benefits promised by CPEC, while
others fear they will be evicted from their homes in order to make way for
infrastructure works.

83. Contd…
• In response to concerns of local residents, Lt. General Amer Riaz who heads
security operations in the province, stated that “locals would not be
deprived of benefits, and that local Gwadar residents would have
the first right to everything.“
• The developer of Gwadar Port, COPHC, has also announced that it will assist
Gwadar's fishermen to help boost the region's seafood industry by developing
programmes to improve the quality of local seafoods.

84. Indian objections:
• Sovereignty claims
• Encirclement fears