Building Services

1. ELECTRICITY
BIOMASS PLANT
Biomass resources include agricultural residues; animal manure; wood
wastes from forestry and industry; residues from food and paper
industries; municipal green wastes; sewage sludge, sugar crops (sugar
cane, beet, sorghum), starch crops (corn, wheat) etc. Organic wastes and
residues have been the major biomass sources so far, but energy crops
are gaining importance and market share.
Since the village produces a lot of waste material, which can easily be
converted into fuel and electricity through such plants. Biomass power is
carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable organic waste that
would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as fodder
for forest fires.
In biomass power plants, wood waste or other waste is burned to
produce steam that runs a turbine to make electricity, or that provides
heat to industries and homes.
DAMINI SACHDEVA - 024
HARPREET KAUR - 034
MANJOT KAUR - 046
MINNI BAJAJ - 048
SHAIFALI GARG - 086
SHIVANK SINGH - 089
METHODS TO IMPROVE SERVICES IN VILLAGE
WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
SEPTIC TANK
A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground
wastewater treatment system. Because septic systems treat and
dispose of household wastewater onsite, they are often more
economical than centralized sewer systems in rural areas where lot
sizes are larger and houses are spaced widely apart.
Septic systems are also simple in design, which make them
generally less expensive to install and maintain. And by using
natural processes to treat the wastewater onsite, usually in a
homeowner's backyard, septic systems don't require the
installation of miles of sewer lines, making them less disruptive to
the environment.
A septic system consists of two main parts-a septic tank and a
drain field.
The septic tank is a watertight box, usually made of concrete, with
an inlet and outlet pipe. Wastewater flows from the home to the
septic tank through the sewer pipe. The septic tank treats the
wastewater naturally by holding it in the tank long enough for
solids and liquids to separate.
The wastewater forms three layers inside the tank. Solids lighter
than water (such as greases and oils) float to the top forming a
layer of scum. Solids heavier than water settle at the bottom of the
tank forming a layer of sludge. This leaves a middle layer of
partially clarified wastewater.
The layers of sludge and scum remain in the septic tank where bacteria found
naturally in the wastewater work to break the solids down.
The sludge and scum that cannot be broken down are retained in the tank until
the tank is pumped. The layer of clarified liquid flows from the septic tank to the
drain field or to a distribution device, which helps to uniformly distribute the
wastewater in the drain field.
A standard drain field (also known as a leach field, disposal field, or a soil
absorption system) is a series of trenches or a bed lined with gravel or course
sand and buried one to three feet below the ground surface.
Perforated pipes or drain tiles run through the trenches to distribute the
wastewater. The drain field treats the wastewater by allowing it to slowly trickle
from the pipes out into the gravel and down through the soil. The gravel and soil
act as biological filters
BUILDING SERVICES
Community septic systems may
offer opportunities for these areas
to preserve domestic water quality,
either correct existing sewage
problems or avoid potential sewage
problems in the future, and provide
property owners new possibilities
for developing their land.
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater
for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to runoff. Uses include water
for garden, water for livestock, water for irrigation, water for domestic
use with proper treatment etc.
In many places the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit with
percolation. The harvested water can be used as drinking water as well
as for storage and other purpose like irrigation.
METHODS
Recharge trenches
Reuse of abandoned dug wells
Reuse of abandoned hand pumps
Recharge shafts
Lateral shafts with bore walls
Percolation ponds, check dams