Hi ! These 29 slides will let you learn about, Management of waste water. This PPT is created by Dhruv,Anurag and Tanish. We hope you like this presentation and Save our planet. Thank You JAI HIND !

1. Management
of
WasteWater
By – Anurag, Dhruv, Tanish from 7D

2. Water and its uses
 Water is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odourless, and
nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main
constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all
known living organisms.
 Water is a pure substance and not a mixture. ... The
chemical formula for water is H2O.
 Water is used for various activities such as agriculture,
industries, cooking, cleaning utensils, bathing, washing
clothes and most importantly for drinking.
 Up to 60% of the human adult body is water.

3. Wastewater and Water pollution
 Wastewater is the dirty or polluted water that is gernated to due
various human activities such as domestic, industrial or
agricultural.
 Discharge of undesirable substances in water leads to water
pollution.
 The substances that bring about the undesirable change are
called pollutants.

4. Sources of Water
Pollution
SLIDE-5 TO 10

5. Industrial
Waste
Industries and factories
produce large amount of waste
that contains toxic chemicals.
 They contain pollutants such
as lead, mercury, sulphur and
many other harmful chemicals.
Many industries do not have
proper waste management
system and drain the waste into
the fresh water which goes into
rivers, canals and later into the
seas.

6. Mining Activities and Accidental Oil
Leakage
• Mining Activities.
• Mining activities release
several harmful metals and
toxic elements which when
mixed up with water,
contaminates it.
• The impact of mining on
surface and groundwater is
due to spill / tailing,
erosion, sedimentation,
acid mine drainage
• Accidental Oil Leakage.
• Oil spill is a huge concern as
large amount of oil enters
into the sea and does not
dissolve in water.
• This poses problem for the
aquatic animals and plants.

7. Chemical
fertilizers and
pesticides
• These are used by farmers for
the better yield and to protect
crops from insects and
bacteria.
• However, when these chemicals
are mixed up with water and
flow down into rivers and
canals pose serious damages to
aquatic animals.
• This nutrient-rich water
promotes the growth of weeds
resulting in eutrophication.

8. Leakage from sewer Lines and Leakage
from Landfills
Leakage from sewer lines
A small leakage from the
sewer can contaminate the
under ground water
The widespread use of
detergents is causing
relatively high
concentrations of
surfactants in wastewater.
Leakage from Land fills
Landfills are huge pile of
garbage that produces
awful smell .
When it rains , the landfills
may leak and pollute the
underground water with
large variety of contaminats

9. Domestic waste
• It is waste generated in homes due to day – to - day
activities.
• Human excretion , food waste , plastic wrappers , soaps and
detergents are normal garbage generated in homes .
• Waste water generated carries waste in solution or in the
form of a suspension. Such dirty water is called sewage or
wastewater.
• The Impurities dissolved and suspended are called
contaminants.

10. • Draining sewage properly is very important because
indisciplined and careless disposal might cause serious
environmental and public health issues.
• An effective drainage system is thus essential for the
following reasons:
• Sewage that stagnates as a puddle or pool breeds vectors
of diseases such as mosquitoes and flies. These might
spread jaundice, malaria, elephantiasis, cholera and other
such diseases.
• Sewage might pollute freshwater sources and public water
distribution systems. Polluted water can act as a carrier
of harmful pathogenic organisms that spread diseases.

11. The Sewage System
An effective sewage system is made up of a network of pipes
that carry wastewater to the sewer mains of the city. These
pipes that carry wastewater are called sewers. These sewers
are normally made of cast iron or PVC ( polyvinyl chloride )
pipes. The wastewater goes down your drain when you flush
the toilet or wash your clothes. The pipes from each house or
building are connected to a sewer main that is covered by a lid
called the manhole cover. A person can enter a sewer through
this manhole to check any leakage or blockage for maintenance
purposes.

12. • The sewer mains flow into
progressively larger pipes
until they reach the
wastewater treatment plant.
In order to help the earth’s
gravity do its job, the
wastewater treatment plant is
usually located in a low lying
area. Sewer mains will often
follow streambeds(which flow
naturally downhill) to the
plant. The sewage is then
treated, cleaned and released

13. WASTE WATER
TREATMENT

14. WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Sewage water has to be treated before it is let off into water
bodies. For or this process, sewage is treated in a waste water
treatment plant. There are three steps to treat wastewater-
primary, secondary and tertiary.

15. PRIMARY TREATMENT
There are three steps of primary treatment.
• Screening- Screening removes materials that can be easily
collected from the wastewater before they clog the pipes of
primary treatment tanks. The sewage is passed through
screen of vertical bars that help to remove all large objects
such as cans, rags, sticks and plastic packets. These waste
products are collected and later disposed into a landfill.
• Different sized bar screens are used to remove solid waste
from wastewater.

16. Grit Removal- It is done after screening. The screened
wastewater is passed through settling tanks called as grit
chamber where the speed of the incoming wastewater is
adjusted to allow the settling of sand, grit, stones and broken
glass. These particles are removed as they might damage
pumps.
Sedimentation- It is performed after grit removal by
passing water through large tanks, commonly called
sedimentation tanks. The solid waste called sludge settles
down while lighter impurities such as oil and grease called scum
float on the water surface. The tanks gently pump out the
sludge from below while the scum on top gets skimmed away.

17. Secondary treatment
Secondary treatment is used to decompose the biological
content or the organic waste which are derived from human
waste, food waste, soaps and detergents with the hep of
bacteria. This process is done in open tanks called AERATION
TANKS. Air is blown into these tanks to speed up the action of
aerobic bacteria. Bacteria consume organic contaminants such
as food waste and faeces of animals. This process is called
digestion. During this process, biogas is produced, which can
be used as fuel.

18. Tertiary treatment
This is a chemical process in which the water is treated with
different chemicals such as chorine and sometimes ultraviolet
light also passed through it. This practice is used to kill
disease-causing microorganisms. The cleaned water is released
into rivers or seas.

19. Uses of Treated Water
and Sludge

20. Water treated in plants is very useful for a variety of
purposes and is safe to be drained into rivers and seas. Sludge
is the residue of chemical, biological and physical treatment of
municipal and industrial wastes. It is rich in organic matter,
nitrogen, phosphorus, inorganic salts and heavy metals. It is
useful in the following ways:
• It can be used as a fertiliser or as landfill.
• Sewage sludge is rich in organic matter. So, it can
improve the physical condition of the soil.
• It can be used to produce biogas, which is used as a fuel
and can be used to generate electricity.

21. Alternative Methods of
Sewage Disposal

22. Septic tank
A Septic tank is simply a big concrete or steel tank. Anaerobic
bacteria in the tank decompose the waste.

23. Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting is a method in which worms, usually red
wigglers and earthworms are used to decompose vegetables
peels, food waste, human excreta, dairy products and fats.
Vermicast, also known as worm manure, is the end product of
the breakdown of organic matter by worms. Vermicompost
formed contains water-soluble nutrients and can be used as an
organic fertiliser.

24. Landfill
Landfill involves burying the waste in unused pits where
anaerobic bacteria break down the organic waste and
producing a gas ( mostly composed of carbon dioxide and
methane ). This gas is used to generate electricity.

25. Incineration
Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes
are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into
residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for
disposal of solid residue from wastewater.

26. Steps to Prevent Water
Pollution
Water pollution is a huge threat to mankind. It is the
need of the hour to take adequate and necessary
steps to prevent water pollution. Pollution of water
can be controlled in the FOLLOWING WAYS :

27. • Use minimum amount of detergent when you are washing
clothes. Use only phosphate free detergents.
• Excreta of human beings and animals should be used biogas
plants to produce fuel and manure.
• Factories should treat the effluent wastes prior to
discharge. Toxic material must be treated chemically and
converted into harmless substances.
• Never pour household insecticides, medicines, etc. down the
sink or toilet.
• Both the government and industries should take the
responsibility to clean water bodies such as rivers, lakes,
ponds and streams. Ganga Action Plan is one such plan taken
up by the Indian government. We should extend maximum
possible support for the success of such plans.

28. • Washing of dirty clothes and bathing in the ponds
makes the water dirty and unsuitable for human
use.

29. THANK YOU !
Hope you liked it !