2. From the traditional notion of
Teaching to the broader concept
of Teacher Training & Education
Hariri qqmail.com Harir
3. REVIEW OF PLANS
AND POLICIES WITH
RESPECT TO
TEACHER TRAINING &
EDUCATION
Professional Development
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4. Objective:
The Study will lead to improvements in new
generations of policy and practice
It will give Standard-settings for teacher
education activities, teacher certification and
accreditation.
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5. Introduction
Education policy refers to the collection of laws
and rules that govern the operation of
education systems
Education is a social function thus it serves the
society, which maintains it
Education for an independent sovereign state
is almost different from a dominated nation
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6. Background
Pakistan Education Conference 1947
opening of pre-primary schools and provision of
proper training of teachers.
Governing teacher education were first
articulated in the National Education Policy of
1992
Improving quality by reclaiming teachers role in
the teacher-learning process
The quality of instruction would be raised through
an extensive in-service teachers’ training program
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7. Teacher Education
National Education Policy 1998-2010 regarding Teacher
Education is:
To create a matching relationship between the demand and
supply of teachers
To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing
in-service training of teachers, teacher trainers and educational
administrators
To upgrade the quality of pre-service teacher training programs
by introducing parallel programs of longer duration at post-
secondary and post-degree levels
To make the teaching profession attractive for young talented
graduates, by institutionalizing a package of incentives
To develop a viable framework for policy planning and
development of inservice and pre-service teacher education
programs; and
To provide for management training of educational administrators
at various levels (Ministry of Education 1998).
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8. Education Sector Reforms
Education Sector Reforms Action Plan 2001-
2005-06
Improvement in Quantity and Quality
National Education Assessment
System(NEAS)
Teacher Resource Centers(TRCs) for teachers
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9. International Commitments
Pakistan has been the first country to develop a national fifteen-year
Plan of Action for Education For All
National Plan of Action (NPA) 2015 outlines many issues regarding
Teacher Supply, Training and Supervision.
The NPA highlights the additional need for 118,000 teachers up to
2015
The EFA NPA recommendations to teacher education including:
A relaxation of qualifications for teachers in inaccessible areas together
with special incentives,
In-service training to allow for its provision every three years rather than
every five years
a scaling up of best practices through the replication of mobile teachers
training, Professional Development Centers (PDCs) and TRCs
Reforms of pre-service teacher training
Revision of curricula and textbooks, and
Improvement of teacher training institutions and their facilities (Ministry
of Education 2001).
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10. Lack of facilities!
National education policy (1998-2010) pointed
out that the teacher education institutes are
lacking facilities like
Equipment
Furniture
learning materials and updated technology
books and other helping aids
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12. Budget for Teacher Education &
Training
The primary institution for pre-service training of teachers at the federal
level is the Federal College of Education, Islamabad.
The total budget of the College is in the vicinity of Rs. 37.50 million. The
budget has been increased by 7 per cent in 2010-11 over the previous year.
Nearly 78 per cent of the allocated budget will be spent on the salaries of
the employees. In every year since 2008-09, the percentage share of
employees-related expenses has been increasingly incrementally.
The federal government has allocated Rs. 2.1 million for Technical Panel on
Teacher Education. The federal government is also implementing a national
program of Teacher Training Institutions (TTIs) and for the training of
elementary school teachers across Pakistan under CIDA is Rs. 1.50 billion
been allocated for the four provinces.
The largest proportion of this allocation will go to Punjab (Rs. 705.09
million) followed by Sindh (Rs. 351.87 million), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Rs.
260.59 million) and Balochistan (Rs. 181.84 million). The pace of this
program has been very slow resulting in low utilization
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14. Educational budget
Categories
Current Budget
Regular expenditure(salaries, allowances, retirement benefits,
transfers..) and operating costs(communications, utilities, occupancy
costs, traveling..)
Development Budget/Expenditure
Finite cost (Development schemes)
Authorities
MoE
Four Functional Grops
Education Division
Higher Education Commission
Education
Federal Government Educational Institutions in the capital and federal
areas(FGEIs)
After 18 amendment the MoE and Education Division authorities are placed
under Capital Administration and Development Division(CADD)
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16. Budget Allocation for Teacher
training in Pakistan in Plans
Under the ESR, an estimated Rs. 2,500 million
were allocated for creating 500 TRCs for the
period 2001-2004-05.
Allocation for teacher training is:
24 percent is marked for pre-service teacher training
76 percent is for in-service teacher training
Similar trend is observed over the past years,
indicating that a higher priority is attached to in-
service teacher training
Budget for teacher training and education has been
increasing consistently over the past four years in the
four provinces of Pakistan
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17. Provision of Budget
it is indicated in 2000 that the budget of Education
should be raised with respect to improvement in:
Providing complete teaching staff
Cooperation from community, teacher’s
commitment towards professional obligations,
provision of funds, grants and proper physical
facilities
Supervisory system
Motivational and professional training of teaching
staff.
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21. Introduction
An amount of Rs 18,490.00 million was
allocated to 154 development projects of the
universities and Higher Education Commission
(HEC). Rs 14.787 billion have been released
and Rs 10.351 billion utilized showing 70%
utilization
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22. HEC Financing
HEC Spending relation to GDP – GOP Budget
and Total education spending 2001/02 2004/05
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23. Financial Provisions
National education policy (1998-2010) pointed out
that the teacher education institutes are lacking
facilities like
Equipment
Furniture
learning materials and updated technology
books and other helping aids
Huge governmental financing has become
essential to provide new services like
Guidance and counseling
Vocational bias to secondary education and
to equalize educational expenditure
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24. Investment in Teacher Education and
Training
Investment in teacher education and training is crucial for improving
the quality of students' learning
Funds are allocated every year for pre- and in-service teacher
training
In 2011-12, the provincial budget for teacher training lies in the
vicinity of Rs. 3.18 billion, which shows an increase of 47 percent
over previous year's allocation. This represents an additional
allocation of Rs. 351 million for pre-service and Rs. 662 million for
in-service teacher training.
The increase in allocation for pre-service teacher training will be
largely absorbed in employee-related expenses of elementary
teacher training colleges. These expenses have been increased by
about Rs. 333 million; from Rs. 397.56 million in 2010-11 to Rs.
731.38 million in 2011-12.
The major portion of increase in the inservice teacher training will
be absorbed in allowances, travel and transportation, and purchase
of furniture and fixture. Regular allowances have been increased by
about Rs. 558 million; from Rs. 296.44 million in 2010-11 to Rs.
854.398 million in 2011-12
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25. Expenditure
The total expenditure of the government on education raised from
2.2% to 4% in the year 2002-3
The teacher education expenditure has improved steadily and
consistently from a level as low as 55 percent in 2007-08 to a high
level of 96 percent in 2010-11
In the past, the underutilization is almost wholly attributed to in-service
teacher training.
The high expenditure in the current fiscal year is mainly attributed to
excess expenditure on regular allowances and transport in in-service
teacher training, though still 16 percent of the allocated budget could not
be utilized.
On the contrary, utilization has been quite high in pre-service teacher
training.
The elementary teacher training colleges have incurred excess
expenditure for the past three years, mainly on account of employees'
salaries and allowances.
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26. References & Sources:
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2011). Pakistan
Social and Living Standards Measurement
Survey 2011, Islamabad
Pakistan Education Task Force (2011), Education
Emergency Pakistan, Islamabad
Annual Status of Education Report 2012
Government of Pakistan (2009), National
Education Policy, Islamabad
I-SAPS (2010), Public Financing of Education in
Pakistan: Analysis of Federal and Provincial
Budgets, Islamabad.
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Universalizing primary education by 2002
Raising the literacy 70
women’s education and the education of the poor
The main objectives of this project were assessment of performance of teachers and educational institutions by relating it to the learning achievements of students.