Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Articles presentation 2
1.
2. • What are articles?
• When do we use them?
• Rules of articles
• Examples of common mistakes
3. • A word used with a noun that specifies whether
the noun is definite or indefinite.
• Definite article is
• Indefinite articles are
“ the ”.
“ a , an ”
4. • 'An' is used when a word begins with a vowel
For example:
I saw an elephant running after a student.
• 'A' is used when a word begins with a
consonant
For example:
A student was running away.
5. Use "a" or "an" Use "the"
Title
If the title is not a
specific title.
For example: a
doctor.
Use "the" if a specific
person has a title.
For example: the doctor.
Names of Countries
Non-specific.
For example: a
country
Use "the" if the name of
the country is plural or
indicates a group.
For example: the United
States.
Names of Colleges,
Universities, and
Other Schools
Use a/an for non-
specific colleges or
schools.
For example: a school.
Use "the" if the title of
the school has "of" or
"for" in it.
For example: the
University of Maryland.
6. Use "a" or "an" Use "the"
Use "a" or "an" with a singular
count noun.
For example:
–Bob is a student.
Use "the" with any noun when
the meaning is specific.
For example:
–New York is the largest city in
the United States.
Use "a" or "an" the first time
you use a noun in a paragraph.
For example:
–I saw a movie last night.
Use "the" the second time
you use that same noun in the
same paragraph.
For example:
–I saw a movie last night. The
movie was` entertaining.
7. Zero articles
Several kinds of nouns never use articles. We do not use articles with the
names of languages ("He was learning Chinese." [But when the word Chinese
refers to the people, the definite article might come into play: "The Chinese
are hoping to get the next Olympics."]), the names of sports ("She plays
badminton and basketball."), and academic subjects ("She's taking economics
and math. Her major is Religious Studies.")
When they are general, non-count nouns and sometimes plural count-nouns
are used without articles. "We like water with our dinner. We adore Khaleeji
music. We use roses for many purposes." But if an "of phrase" comes after
the noun, we use an article: "We adore the music of the Khaleej." Also, when
a general noun is used without an article and then referred to in a subsequent
reference, it will have become specific and will require a definite article: "The
College installed new computers in the Learning Center this summer. The
computers, unfortunately, don't work."
8. Common countable nouns are generally used without articles in certain
special situations:
9. Mistake:
My sister saw an cat.
Correction:
My sister saw a cat.
Reason:
because; an is used for words that begins with a vowel.
Mistake:
A dogs ran after a cats.
Correction:
The dogs ran after the cats.
Reason:
“a” is used for a singular count noun.
10. Mistake:
Last night, I went to the movie. At a movie, I
met the woman from my neighborhood. A
woman lives in the house down the street from
me. A house is white with the huge oak tree in
the front yard. A oak tree is well-known
because it is the oldest tree in our city.
11. • Correction:
Last night, I went to a movie. At the
movie, I met a woman from my
neighborhood. The woman lives in a
house down the street from me. The
house is white with a huge oak tree in
the front yard. The oak tree is well-
known because it is the oldest tree in
our city
