An Inconvenient TruthAIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdfTHeBiGSixU.docx

An Inconvenient Truth/AIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdf
THe BiG Six
United States
• The treaty called for 55% global reduction of carbon dioxide,
based on 1990 levels.
• The United States is responsible for more than one-third
(36%) of the entire world’s CO2 emissions – far more than any
other country.
• As one of the original signatories of the Kyoto treaty, the
United States agreed to reduce emissions by 6% from its 1990
levels.
• In 2001 President George W. Bush refused to ratify the treaty,
citing these reasons:
o The US economy could suffer an estimated $400 billion in
losses as a result of emissions restrictions on industry and
transportation, and the US
could lose almost 5 million jobs.
o Many developing nations that have extremely high emissions
are not bound by the emissions limits set in the treaty.
• Since pulling out of the treaty, U.S. emissions have increased
15% above 1990 levels—21% above our initial objective.
• However, several recent events may foreshadow a change in
the US position:
o America’s unique political structure gives each of the 50
states the autonomy to legislate Kyoto-like reforms on their
own. Environmental leaders in
some states are already promoting legislation that supports the

objectives of the Kyoto Treaty.
o The California Air Resources Board has set tough
emissions standards and is well known for its strict emissions
regulations.
o The Chicago Climate Exchange is a group of North
American municipalities, companies and organizations that have
agreed to reduce their emissions
over the next several years.
o Massachusetts, New York, and New Hampshire are
creating emission reduction and trading systems.
• The recent 2006 elections have placed many in office who are
sympathetic to environmental and global warming issues. This
may lead to revisions in the
US position on Kyoto.
Reproducible # 1 - page 1
Six Countries and Their Positions on the Kyoto
Treaty
THe LeGAL PrOCeSS LeADiNG TO THe KyOTO
PrOTOCOLS
1988
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate
Change established.
Environmental
concerns growing.
UN General
Assembly held first
debate on climate

change; adopted
43/53 on the
“Protection of the
global climate for
present and future
generations of
mankind (IPCC).”
1992
UN Framework
Convention on
Climate Change
(UNFCC) opened
for signing at the
Earth Summit in
Rio de Janeiro.
Also referred
to as the UN
Conference on
Environment and
Development
(UNCED).
1994
Convention
came into force
March 21. 186
governments
are party to
the convention;
it is close to
achieving universal
membership.

1995
In March and
April, the Berlin
Conference
of the Parties
(COP) sought to
determine the
commitments
required by
industrialized
countries.
1997
These talks led
to the Kyoto
Protocol being
adopted on
December 11. 87
countries signed
the Protocol.
1998
Talks to determine
the Protocol’s
rulebook were
discussed in
November in
Buenos Aires and
later in Bonn in
July 2001.
2001

After much more
negotiation in
Marrakech during
October and
November, the
rulebook for the
Protocol was
agreed upon; these
became known
as the Marrakech
Accords.
2005
On February
16, the Kyoto
Protocol finally
came into effect
90 days after
Russia ratified it.
Timetable source: http://globalgophers.com/articles/kyoto-
protocol.htm
european Union
• The European Union (EU) became a strong proponent of the
treaty and has insisted that every provision be enforced.
• Many European countries were offended by the US rejection
of the treaty. This may have motivated them to ratify the treaty
in spite of its flaws and their
own differences.
• Although other nations have been willing to make necessary
changes and, in some cases, forgive nations that failed to meet

standards, the EU has opposed
any such compromise.
• The EU was initially hesitant about giving credits for
maintaining forests which store carbon in what are termed
“carbon sinks.”
• Despite its strong statements of commitment to the ideals of
the treaty, the EU greenhouse gas emissions are only 2.9%
lower than 1990 levels.
China
• In 2004, just two years after ratifying the Kyoto Protocol,
China backed up its commitment by announcing plans to
generate 10% of its power from
renewable sources by 2010.
• There are still a number of concerns about China’s dedication
to the ideals of the Kyoto Protocol.
o China’s status as a developing country even though it has
the world’s largest population and a rapidly expanding
economy.
o Developing country status exempts China from mandatory
emission reduction objectives.
o The exemption is a problem for China as it is the world’s
largest coal producer. Its oil consumption has doubled in 20
years.
o China does not show signs of complying with any requests
for reductions in GHG emissions.
o China is using a combination of CDM (Clean Development
Mechanism) and CER (Certified Emissions Reductions) benefits
to enlist foreign
support for economic development projects, to promote its own
contribution to global climate change, and to help reduce of
acid rain.

russia
• Russia’s support was a critical factor in the acceptance of
Kyoto and the targeted 55% reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions.
• However, subsequent developments have raised questions
about Russia’s motives.
o Some suspect that Russia used its support of Kyoto as
leverage to open the door to membership in the WTO.
o Since Russia’s industrial output has dropped significantly
since 1990, it now could gain billions of dollars through
emissions trading.
o Emissions trading allows Russia to sell its unused emissions
to other signatory countries that emit more than the protocol
allows.
o Some feel that this practice defeats the purpose of setting
GHG limits.
Japan
• Even though it is a leading member of the Kyoto Protocol,
Japan was initially reluctant to ratify the treaty when the United
States refused to sign.
• Its ratification in June 2002 was important because:
o Japan accounts for 8% of global GHG emissions.
o Japan promised to reduce emissions by 6% of the published
1990 levels.
• Unfortunately, by 2002 Japan’s GHG emissions had actually
increased by 11% over its 1990 levels.
• This setback has not deterred Japan from advocating clean air
technology or from manufacturing cars with hybrid technology.

india
• India ratified the treaty in 2002 because its representatives
recognized the impact
that its population (1 billion) has on global warming.
• Like China, India gained developing nation status and thus
avoided reduction quotas.
• India has only submitted one emissions report (in 1994). The
data from that year
showed a 50% increase in emissions.
• India’s prime minister maintains that per-capita emission rates
of developing
countries are a fraction of those of developed nations.
Additional Thoughts
• The responses and actions of India and China demonstrate that
developing nation
status will need to be addressed in the future. Their actions
also lend some
credence to the US rationale for not signing the treaty.
• No matter how dedicated the Kyoto supporters are, there is no
quick-fix solution
to climate change. Carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere will
be there for
several generations.
• It will take a long-term, global effort and massive changes in

energy usage to undo
the damage.
• The Kyoto Protocol is not the ultimate solution. It is a
necessary first step in that
process.
1990
2002
1994 only
0
10
00
20
00
30
00
40
00
50
00

60
00
USA EU China Russia Japan India
*1999, **2001 (both China figures include Hong Kong)
Sources: UNFCCC (China figures from IEA)
**
*
CO2 emissions (1,000 million metric tons)
Sources:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3143798.stm
http://www.wikipedia.org (various articles)
Reproducible # 2
Image credit: World Resources Institute, 2005
Source: http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/climate-atmosphere/map-
504.html
This map shows the countries that have ratified or signed the
Kyoto Protocol as of June 2005.
Ratifying countries are green. Those that have signed but not
ratified are dark brown. Those that have neither signed nor
ratified are grey.
For more information regarding the Kyoto Protocol, see

http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/28
30.php
Signatories to the Kyoto Protocol: June 2005
The Kyoto Protocol – Some FAQs and QSAs
(Frequently Asked Questions and Quick Short
Answers)
FAQ: How many Kyoto treaties are there? And why is it called
a Protocol?
QSA: There is only really one treaty, but representatives of the
world met six more times to discuss and negotiate terms of the
Kyoto Protocol between
1997 and 2006. The word protocol means the first draft of a
treaty. Technically, the Kyoto Protocol is now called the Kyoto
Treaty. For an
excellent graphic representing the timeline for the Kyoto
Protocol, visit:
http://maps.grida.no/go/download/mode/plain/f/kyoto_protocol_
timeline_and_history.png
FAQ: What was the most important objective of the original
treaty?
QSA: In 1997, the Kyoto Treaty asked all signatories to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 percent in 10 years. The
objective was short-sighted.
FAQ: What did that objective lack?
QSA: That objective only dealt with reducing current and future
emission levels. It offered no solutions for the gases that are
already in the atmosphere

and will continue to be a problem for the next century or so.
FAQ: Is any organization dealing with the issue of those gases?
QSA: Yes and no. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change has stated that it will take a 60 percent reduction to
make any progress.
Many believe that this is both logistically and politically too
difficult to implement. The panel’s report can be seen at:
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/005.htm
FAQ: Doesn’t the practice of trading emissions credits defeat
the overall purpose of setting reduction goals?
QSA: It seems to reward those who emit the most pollutants and
then make deals for credits that relieve them of any penalty.
Unfortunately some of the
smaller, less developed countries are not really part of the
pollution problem and need all the economic help they can get.
FAQ: Greenhouse gases seem to be an important part of the
Kyoto Protocol. What are they and where do they come from?
QSA: The term covers a number of familiar chemical
compounds, including steam and water vapor. Other greenhouse
gases are methane, carbon
dioxide, and nitrous oxide. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) also
belong on this list, but since they are generated only by
industrial processes, they have
a unique status as the only greenhouse gas that is entirely man-
made.
FAQ: What are CFCs? And where do they come from?
QSA: The full name—chlorofluorocarbons—identifies the
ingredients of CFCs as chlorine, fluorine, and carbon

compounds. For many years, CFCs have
been found in aerosols and air conditioners. Recent legislation
has made them less common, but the CFCs released over the
years will continue to
be a long-term factor in the greenhouse effect.
The entire Kyoto Protocol document can be found on the
following website:
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html
Reproducible # 3
An Inconvenient Truth/kyoto-protocol-2002-target-
status_d0c3.pdf
Kyoto target status
* “Annex B countries” of the Protocol, ** “Non-Annex I
countries” of the Convention, *** “Annex I countries” of the
Convention.Source: UNFCCC, December 16 2004.
Industrialised countries ***
that have not ratified the Kyoto Protocol
Countries with
binding targets: *
Countries
without targets **
reached

not reached
Australia
Croatia
Monaco
United States
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
kyoto.pdf 2006-08-23 15:53
An Inconvenient Truth/kyoto-protocol-projected-2010-target-
status_15c7.pdf
Kyoto target status
* “Annex B countries” of the Protocol, ** “Annex I countries”
of the ConventionSource: UNFCCC, February 8, 2005

Industrialised countries **
Countries that: *
Countries
without targets
have reached their Kyoto target
must reduce their emissions
by more than 20% to reach their target
by 10-20 % to reach the target
by 5-10% to reach the target
by 1-5% to reach their target
Australia
Croatia
Monaco
United States
Kyoto target for 2010
* “Annex B countries” of the Protocol, ** “Non-Annex I
countries” of the Convention, *** “Annex I countries” of the
ConventionSource: UNFCCC, February 8, 2005

Industrialised countries ***
According to projected emission
data for 2010:
Countries that: *
Countries
with missing projected data **
have reached their Kyoto target
by more than 20% to reach their target
by 10-20 % to reach the target
by 5-10% to reach the target
by 1-5% to reach their target
Australia
Croatia
Monaco
United States
An Inconvenient Truth/kyoto-protocol-timeline-and-
history_76cf.pdf

C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
kyoto_timeline.pdf 2006-08-23 15:58
An Inconvenient Truth/link for videos.txt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZUoYGAI5i0
Myanmar CERAWeek Brexit North Korea Earnings Future of
Money Breakingviews
“Hey Google, how do you
spell ‘accommodate’?”

Buy now
U.S.
SEPTEMBER 26, 2017 / 1 :14 PM / 5 MONTHS AGO
Cabot Oil & Gas settles fracking lawsuit with Pennsylvania
families
David DeKok
HARRISBURG, Pa. (Reuters) - Cabot Oil & Gas Co. [COG.N]
has settled a lawsuit filed by two families
in Dimock, Pennsylvania, who alleged their homes’ drinking
water became contaminated with methane
not long after the company began drilling for natural gas in
2007.
https://www.reuters.com/
https://www.reuters.com/subjects/myanmar-reporters
https://www.reuters.com/energy-environment
https://www.reuters.com/brexit
https://www.reuters.com/north-korea
https://www.reuters.com/finance/EarningsUS
https://www.reuters.com/future-of-money
https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews
https://www.reuters.com/news/archive/domesticNews
https://www.reuters.com/journalists/david-dekok
https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Freut.rs%2
F2xuxiAf&text=Cabot%20Oil%20%26%20Gas%20settles%20fr
acking%20lawsuit%20with%20Pennsylvania%20families
https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%
2Freut.rs%2F2xuxiAf&t=Cabot%20Oil%20%26%20Gas%20settl
es%20fracking%20lawsuit%20with%20Pennsylvania%20familie
s

The Ely and Hulbert families initially won $4.2 million in
damages in a federal jury trial in Scranton last
year, but Magistrate Judge Martin Carlson threw out the verdict
as unjustified and ordered the parties to
begin settlement talks.
The terms of the settlement have not been made public. Leslie
Lewis, the New York lawyer who
represented the families, declined on Tuesday to comment on
the terms.
“After nine long years, the plaintiffs are happy and relieved to
put the matter behind them,” Lewis told
Reuters.
Neither Cabot Oil & Gas spokesman George Stark nor the
company’s lead lawyer, Stephen Dillard, could
be reached for comment on Tuesday.
Carlson approved the settlement on Sept. 21, court records
show.
Dimock, Pennsylvania was at the heart of the Marcellus Shale
gas fracking boom that began in 2007.
Residents complained that Cabot’s drilling caused methane gas
to migrate to their wells, so much that
they could light their tap water on fire.
Flaming tap water in Dimock was a highlight of the 2010 Oscar-
nominated documentary, “Gasland,”
written and directed by Josh Fox. Residents also complained
that their water had turned brown and
corrosive.

FILE PHOTO: Warning signs of Cabot Oil & Gas Co. are seen
on field near Montrose, in Pennsylvania, March 24, 2014.
REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz
ADVERTISING
Cabot contended that there had always been underground
methane in Dimock and that there was no
proof its drilling had caused the contamination.
“The issues they have are cosmetic and aesthetic,” Dillard told
Reuters last year. “Those can be treated,
but it’s not toxic.”
Fifteen families in Dimock filed a lawsuit over water
contamination in 2009. All but the Elys and Hulberts
settled with Cabot in 2012.
Lewis said there has been no change in the poor quality of the
family’s well water since the trial in 2016.
Editing by Barbara Goldberg and Diane Craft
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
S P O N S O R E D
How 1 Man Turned $50,000 into $5.3 Million
Investing Daily
See How Some Retirees Use Options Trading
As A Safe Way To Earn Income
TradeWins

President Trump is set to unleash “greatest
investment of all-time"
The Oxford Club
Motley Fool Gives Rare "Total Conviction" Buy
Sign
The Motley Fool
New Technology To Transform The Oil
Industry
Oilprice.com
Abenomics: A Work in Progress After Five
Years
CME Group
Promoted by Dianomi
POLITICS
MARCH 6, 2018 / 12:08 PM / UPDATED 20 HOURS AGO
Report finds White House aide Conway violated law in TV
interviews
http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles.html
https://www.dianomi.com/click.epl?pn=8180&offer=2419727&a
d=7236&savid=30469&said=3461&adv=5472&unique_id=WqB
F20M1XkinH4FYFpFNPAAAAAo&smartreferer=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww%2Ereuters%2Ecom%2Farticle%2Fus%2Dpennsylvani
a%2Dfracking%2Dcabot%2Doil%2Dgas%2Fcabot%2Doil%2Dg
as%2Dsettles%2Dfracking%2Dlawsuit%2Dwith%2Dpennsylvani
a%2Dfamilies%2DidUSKCN1C12GO
https://www.dianomi.com/click.epl?pn=11483&offer=3736696&
ad=11217&savid=29196&said=3461&adv=5472&unique_id=Wq
BF20M1XkinH4FYFpFNPAAAAAo&smartreferer=https%3A%2

F%2Fwww%2Ereuters%2Ecom%2Farticle%2Fus%2Dpennsylva
nia%2Dfracking%2Dcabot%2Doil%2Dgas%2Fcabot%2Doil%2D
gas%2Dsettles%2Dfracking%2Dlawsuit%2Dwith%2Dpennsylva
nia%2Dfamilies%2DidUSKCN1C12GO
https://www.dianomi.com/brochures.epl?pn=18094&offer=5445
887&ad=19127&savid=57350&said=3461&adv=5472&unique_i
d=WqBF20M1XkinH4FYFpFNPAAAAAo&smartreferer=https%
3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ereuters%2Ecom%2Farticle%2Fus%2Dpenn
sylvania%2Dfracking%2Dcabot%2Doil%2Dgas%2Fcabot%2Doi
l%2Dgas%2Dsettles%2Dfracking%2Dlawsuit%2Dwith%2Dpenn
sylvania%2Dfamilies%2DidUSKCN1C12GO
https://www.dianomi.com/whatsthis.pl?id=3461
https://www.reuters.com/news/archive/politicsNews

Reuters Staff
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Kellyanne Conway, one of President
Donald Trump’s top advisers, violated
federal law in two television interviews last year by using her
White House position to weigh in on a
political race, the U.S. Office of Special Counsel said on
Tuesday.
In the interviews, Conway “impermissibly mixed official
government business with political views about
candidates in the Alabama special election,” the independent
federal ethics agency said in a report
submitted to Trump for “appropriate disciplinary action.”
The Hatch Act prohibits federal employees from using their
official capacity to affect or interfere with
elections, although some other political activities are allowed.
The office said it gave Conway a chance to respond to its
allegations but she did not.
White House spokesman Hogan Gidley disputed the report,
saying in a statement that “Conway did not
advocate for or against the election of any particular candidate.
“She simply expressed the president’s obvious position that he
have people in the House and Senate who
support his agenda,” Gidley said.
https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Freut.rs%2
F2FZNMSN&text=Report%20finds%20White%20House%20aide
%20Conway%20violated%20law%20in%20TV%20interviews
https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%
2Freut.rs%2F2FZNMSN&t=Report%20finds%20White%20Hous
e%20aide%20Conway%20violated%20law%20in%20TV%20inte

rviews
In the two TV appearances, Conway discussed the contest
between Democratic candidate Doug Jones and
Republican Roy Moore for the seat vacated when Jeff Sessions
became Trump’s attorney general.
In a Fox News Channel appearance on Nov. 20, Conway talked
about why voters should not back Jones,
and in a CNN interview on Dec. 6 she laid out why they should
support Moore, the report said. Jones won
the election and is now in the Senate.
White House counselor Kellyanne Conway attends a joint news
conference with U.S. President Donald Trump and Swedish
Prime Minister Stefan Lofven in the White House East Room in
Washington, U.S. March 6, 2018. REUTERS/Leah Millis
“The President must take swift and serious disciplinary action
against Ms. Conway,” Representative Elijah
Cummings, the top Democrat on the House of Representatives
Oversight Committee, said in a statement.
“Anything else sets a terrible example.”
Walter Shaub, the former head of U.S. government ethics
watchdog the Office of Government Ethics,
filed a complaint after Conway’s first appearance, saying it
violated the 1939 law.
Conway, who served as Trump’s campaign manager before
taking on her role as White House senior
counselor, has previously run afoul of Shaub and other
presidential ethics experts who criticized her for

publicly endorsing the clothing and jewelry line sold by
Trump’s daughter and White House adviser
Ivanka Trump.
The White House later said her praise for the products was
inadvertent, and no disciplinary action was
taken.
Reporting by Susan Heavey and Ayesha Rascoe; Editing by
Jeffrey Benkoe and Dan Grebler
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
White House Counsellor Kellyanne Conway speaks at the
Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) at National
Harbour, Maryland, U.S., February 23, 2018. REUTERS/Joshua
Roberts
S P O N S O R E D
http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles.html
3/23/2016 ’Gasland’ families win $4.24mn fracking lawsuit —
RT USA
https://www.rt.com/usa/335190-pennsylvania-families-424-milli
on-fracking/#.VuNdqLAxq1A.twitter 1/13
Applications ‫ةيبرعلا‬ ESP РУС DE FR ИНОТВ RTД RUPTLY
RSSR
QUESTION MORE LIVE
00:00 GMT, Mar 24, 2016

’Gasland’ families win $4.24mn fracking lawsuit
Published time: 11 Mar, 2016 01:49
Home / USA /
Get short URL
ss
https://www.rt.com/applications/
https://arabic.rt.com/
https://actualidad.rt.com/
https://russian.rt.com/
https://deutsch.rt.com/
https://francais.rt.com/
https://inotv.rt.com/
https://rtd.rt.com/
https://ruptly.tv/
https://www.facebook.com/RTnews/
https://twitter.com/#!/RT_com
https://www.youtube.com/user/RussiaToday
https://plus.google.com/102728491539958529040/posts
https://instagram.com/rt
https://soundcloud.com/rttv
https://coub.com/russiatoday
https://www.rt.com/rss/usa/
https://www.rt.com/
https://www.rt.com/on-air/
https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/aclk?sa=L&ai=BsJIXES7zV
s7fEJKd3AGT87voC96Hm-
MIAAAAEAEg_sOuIjgAWNatpPTMAmDJhqOH1KOAELIBCnd
3dy5ydC5jb226AQk3Mjh4OTBfYXPIAQLaAUlodHRwczovL3d
3dy5ydC5jb20vdXNhLzMzNTE5MC1wZW5uc3lsdmFuaWEtZm
FtaWxpZXMtNDI0LW1pbGxpb24tZnJhY2tpbmcvqQIqMXglfM
CyPsACAuACAOoCFC8xNDQ3NTE0OTQvRU5fUlRfVVNB-
AL30R6QA-

ADmAOMBqgDAcgDmQTQBJBO4AQB0gUGENbPnMABkAY
BoAYU2AcB4AcL&num=0&cid=5GhLkErZjhQ7MWkLJEigbQ
gt&sig=AOD64_1ANzZPy0ahJdoTKGtJ_g3TkjzMIg&client=ca-
pub-4864726558025864&adurl=https://rtd.rt.com/films/the-
baltic-fleet/
https://www.rt.com/
https://www.rt.com/usa/
http://on.rt.com/76mu
RT USA
A man places an anti‐fracking sign outside his house in Dimock,
Pennsylvania © Les Stone /
Reuters
A federal jury has ordered Cabot Oil & Gas to pay more than
$4.24 million in damages to
two families in Dimock, Pennsylvania, who claimed the
company's fracking operations
contaminated their groundwater with methane.
The jury reached its verdict on Thursday in the lawsuit that
accused the company of
polluting the families’ well water as a result of its natural gas
drilling operations,
according to Reuters. Cabot Oil & Gas said it will appeal the
verdict.
Pennsylvania Families' Victory in Fracking Water Contaminatio
n
Suit Sets Strong Precedent prnewswire.com/news-releases/…

4:56 PM - 10 Mar 2016
Josh Fox
@joshfoxfilm
Pennsylvania Families' Victory in Fracking …
SCRANTON, Pa., March 10, 2016 /PRNewswire-
USNewswire/ -- In a landmark legal victory for
residents harmed by...
Follow
http://news.yahoo.com/pennsylvania-families-win-4-2-million-
damages-fracking-191638011--finance.html
https://t.co/Cm72a9PdUU
https://twitter.com/joshfoxfilm/status/708048840037892096
https://twitter.com/joshfoxfilm
https://twitter.com/joshfoxfilm
RT USA
23 13
residents harmed by...
prnewswire.com
Six jurors in federal court in Scranton awarded $1.3 million
each to Scott Ely and Monica
Marta‐Ely, and $50,000 to each of their three children.

"This has been an exhausting six and a half years," Scott Ely
said after the verdict,
according to Reuters.
Ely told the news outlet that Cabot "boxed them in," by limiting
evidence his attorney
could introduce and what could be presented in testimony.
"They are an arrogant company that bullies their way to what
they want," Ely told Reuters.
"If they had just done the right thing, it would have been so
much easier for them."
A second couple, Ray and Victoria Hubert, each received
$720,000 and their daughter was
awarded $50,000. The two families sued the Texas‐ based Cabot
back in 2009, claiming
their water was contaminated as a result of natural gas drilling.
A huge victory in federal court for PA victims of #fracking:
usnews.com/news/business/…
2:30 PM - 10 Mar 2016
Wrexie Bardaglio
@highplainspoet
Pennsylvania Families Win $4.24M Verdict …
SCRANTON, Pa. (AP) — A federal jury has
Follow
https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=7080488400378920
96
https://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=7080488400378920
96
https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=708048840037892096

https://twitter.com/hashtag/fracking?src=hash
https://t.co/fj63RkWZhs
https://twitter.com/highplainspoet/status/708012293716635648
https://twitter.com/highplainspoet
https://twitter.com/highplainspoet
RT USA
SCRANTON, Pa. (AP) — A federal jury has
awarded two couples nearly $4.25 million after
finding one of the largest natural gas drillers in
usnews.com
The verdict comes at the end of a long‐running federal case that
pitted Dimock
homeowners against Cabot, one of the largest gas drillers in
Pennsylvania. State regulators
blamed faulty gas wells drilled by the company for leaking
combustible methane into
Dimock's groundwater. The company argued the methane was
occurring naturally.
More than 40 families have sued Cabot since they began
fracking to extract natural gas
from underground shale formations near Dimock in 2008. The
other families settled with
the company in 2012. The plight of families in Dimock was
featured in ‘Gasland,’ the

Emmy‐winning 2010 documentary by Josh Fox.
48
48
http://twitter.com/RT_America/status/695377581562925056/pho
to/1
http://twitter.com/RT_America/status/695377581562925056/pho
to/1
RT USA
Water contamination from Pennsylvania fracking is worse than
previously thought on.rt.com/73nq
5:45 PM - 4 Feb 2016
89 36
RT America
@RT_America
Follow
The Elys were originally offered more than $150,000 and the
Huberts $50,000, but they
chose to press the case, believing the offers did not match the
struggles they had been
dealing with.

"It's been a battle," Scott Ely told WNEP before the jury
verdict. "I mean, you're up against a
multi‐multi‐multi‐million dollar company. And you've seen the
litigation team they had. I
mean, they're sitting there with six attorneys on their side. They
had quite the team."
During the two‐day deliberations, jurors asked the judge for any
guidance on how they
might determine a dollar amount for damages in the case.
Cabot said the jury's decision "disregards overwhelming
scientific and factual evidence" that
it conducted itself properly in the small village of Dimock.
There was no evidence linking
contamination of the families’ wells to their tracking
operations, the company said.
"Cabot will be filing motions with the court to set the verdict
aside based on the lack of
evidence as well as conduct of plaintiff's counsel calculated to
deprive Cabot of a fair trial,"
Cabot spokesman George Stark told Reuters.
From The Web
https://t.co/i2Vb6wge8U
https://twitter.com/RT_America/status/695377581562925056
56
56
https://twitter.com/RT_America
https://twitter.com/RT_America

http://wnep.com/2016/03/09/jurors-deliberating-in-water-
contamination-case/
https://popup.taboola.com/en/?template=colorbox&taboola_utm
_source=rt-
rtcom&taboola_utm_medium=bytaboola&taboola_utm_content=
ab_thumbnails-a_monetizer:Below%20Article%20Thumbnails:
_source=rt-
_source=rt-
8/18/2016
Farming the Subdivision in California’s Central Valley - CityLa
b
http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/01/farming-the-subdivisio
n/425139/ 1/5
Farming the Subdivision
A new “agrihood” in California’s Central Valley reworks a
former tomato-
canning plant into an aspirational suburb.
The Cannery's farm, waiting for the first crops to be planted.
(Photograph by Tom Fox, SWA)
Don't miss any of our latest stories, sign up for CityLab's daily
e-mail newsletter.

Email Sign up
The Cannery, a new planned development in Davis, California,
is located on the
site of a 1961 Hunt-Wesson factory, which canned its last
tomatoes in 1999.
Today, the Cannery’s only link with its industrial past is the
name. The new 547-
unit development is an ode to the locavore lifestyle.
From The Atlantic CityLab
http://www.citylab.com/authors/lydia-lee/
https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=smallspace
http://livecannerydavis.com/
http://www.citylab.com/
8/18/2016
b
n/425139/ 2/5
SERIES
City Makers: Global
Shifts
Developed by the conventional (high-end)
homebuilder the New Home Company, it
has a community clubhouse designed to

look like a traditional white farmhouse,
and its own five-acre organic farm, which
will sell some of the produce to residents.
“It’s an interesting model for how you
might introduce agriculture in places that
might not have had it before,” says Joe
Runco, principal at SWA, the firm that did
the master planning and landscape design.
“The farm is small enough to be part of the
neighborhood, but it’s also more than a
community garden.”
Map of the development, with the farm at the right
(Courtesy of SWA)
http://www.citylab.com/special-report/global-shifts/
http://www.citylab.com/special-report/global-shifts
http://www.citylab.com/special-report/global-shifts/
http://www.swagroup.com/
8/18/2016
b
n/425139/ 3/5
Planned developments that incorporate a farm are known as
“agrihoods” and
are catching on across the country. “They’re becoming the new
golf-course
community,” says Ed McMahon, senior resident fellow at the
Urban Land

Institute, who estimates there are about 200 such neighborhoods
around the
country. “They represent the values of Millennials—a
convergence of food,
health, local ties, and the sharing economy.”
The Cannery shows how all the pieces can fit together within a
project that
checks off many New Urbanist boxes. There’s a small
retail/commercial center,
and residents can walk or bike to downtown Davis, which is
about a mile away.
Only a third of the housing will be single-family homes; a range
of townhouses,
condominiums, and apartments should attract a multi-age
community.
The density of 5.5 units per acre (or 8.6, minus the farmland
and parks) is
higher than the 3 to 4 units per acre of traditional suburbs—
although only
slightly. The townhouses are selling for upwards of $400,000
and the single-
family homes for $700,000 and up; agriburbia doesn’t come
cheap. But with 60
units of affordable housing, the development will have some
economic
diversity.
For planners and land conservationists, agrihoods can be a
useful tool for
preserving existing farmland. Earlier communities, like Prairie
Crossing in
Illinois and South Village in Vermont, were established to ward
off wholesale
development.

“Planned developments are a zoning tool that is well-suited to
development-
supported agriculture, since they allow for effective master
planning and
combinations of diverse land uses that are difficult to achieve
with traditional,
Euclidean-style zoning,” says Jennifer Henaghan, deputy
research director at
the American Planning Association. The Cannery was just
named “master-
planned community of the year” by the National Association of
Home Builders.
http://www.prairiecrossing.com/
http://www.southvillage.com/
8/18/2016
b
n/425139/ 4/5
A group of townhouses at the Cannery (Photograph by Tom Fox,
SWA)
Cities can encourage agrihoods through local ordinances. The
City of Davis is
concerned about maintaining its bucolic surroundings in
California’s Central
Valley, and it established an urban growth boundary back in
2000; it also
requires any new development bordering a farm to have a 300-

foot buffer of
undeveloped land.
One building was designed to store farm equipment.
(Photograph by Tom Fox, SWA)
The Cannery had open fields along its eastern border, so was
required to have
a buffer. The developer could have put in landscaping, but
opted to create a
narrow farm instead.
Ensuring the long-term sustainability of the farm is an
important part of the
puzzle. Some agrihoods have long-term leases with commercial
farmers.
Another model is to set up “incubator” farms that allow new
farmers to launch
their careers on a small scale. The Cannery’s farm is under the
stewardship of
the Center for Land-Based Learning, a local nonprofit that
trains farmers. It will
lease the land to its recent graduates.
http://landbasedlearning.org/
8/18/2016
b
n/425139/ 5/5

“Access to land and capital are the biggest challenges new
farmers face, so
these incubator farms are a great way to get started,” says the
center’s
executive director, Mary Kimball. Three farmers are scheduled
to start
operations at the Cannery this spring, with plans for a
community farm stand
and a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) program.
The idea of being vicarious farmers is deeply appealing to
future residents like
Mylon and Samrina Marshall, doctors who have lived in Davis
for 20 years. “We
don’t have a green thumb,” says Samrina, “but we love going to
the farmers
market and eating locally and what is in season.” After moving
in this summer,
they hope to get one of their staples, organic heirloom tomatoes,
from their
own neighborhood farm. It’s a vision of the good life that is
primed to reshape
many American suburbs.
About the Author
Lydia Lee writes about architecture, design, and urban planning
from the Bay Area for publications including Architectural
Record
and the San Francisco Chronicle. She was previously the San
Francisco editor for the Architect's Newspaper. She serves on
her
local bicycle commission and fusses over two beehives.
https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=smallspace

http://www.citylab.com/feeds/author/lydia-lee/
SEPTEMBER 26, 2017 | 4:53 PM
BY JON HURDLE
Last two Dimock families settle lawsuit with
Cabot over water
AP
Protestors called for clean water for Dimock in a Philadelphia
demonstration in 2012. Two families that sued Cabot
Oil & Gas have settled.
Two Pennsylvania families have settled a lawsuit against a
major natural gas producer,
ending an almost decade-long fight over alleged water
contamination in the northeast
Pennsylvania town of Dimock.
The families were among 15 who sued Cabot Oil & Gas in 2009,
claiming that fracking
for natural gas had contaminated their drinking water wells in
the area, known as a
“sweet spot” of the Marcellus Shale for its rich gas reserves. All
but two of the families
previously settled.
The two remaining families went to trial and won a jury award
of $4.24 million in
March 2016. The jury determined that Cabot had been

negligent.
The verdict was hailed as a major victory for critics of the gas
industry, but it was
overturned in March this year by the trial judge who said the
award bore little or no
relation to the evidence presented. He ordered a new trial, but
also told the parties to
first seek a settlement.
The plaintiffs in the new settlement, which was reached on
Sept. 21, are Nolen Scott
Ely, Monica Marta-Ely and their three minor children, and Ray
Hubert, Victoria Hubert
Learn More » Support StateImpact Pennsylvania »
ABOUT STATEIMPACT PENNSYLVANIA
StateImpact Pennsylvania is a collaboration
between WITF, WHYY, WESA and the
Allegheny Front. Reporters Marie Cusick,
Reid Frazier, Susan Phillips, and Amy Sisk
cover the commonwealth’s energy economy.
Read their reports on this site, and hear them
on public radio stations across Pennsylvania.
This collaborative project is funded, in part,
through grants from the Corporation for Public
Broadcasting, Heinz Endowments and William
Penn Foundation.
MULTIMEDIA
AUDIO: Natural gas building boom fuels
climate worries, enrages landowners

VIDEO: After The Boom
INTERACTIVE: Exploring Pennsylvania's
energy economy on the Turnpike
FEATURED POSTS
StateImpact Pennsylvania to expand its
reach with grant from Corporation for
Public Broadcasting
Philadelphia works to bring solar energy
costs down to earth
Conflicting decisions on pipelines
frustrate industry, landowners
StateImpact
A reporting project of member stations
PENNSYLVANIA
Energy. Environment. Economy.
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/author/jonhurdle/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/files/2016/03/AP12011
3036682.jpg
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2016/03/10/federal-
jury-awards-4-24-million-to-dimock-families-in-fracking-case/
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/03/31/judge-
cancels-jury-award-to-dimock-families-orders-new-trial/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/about/
http://www.witf.org/support/give-now.php
http://twitter.com/stateimpactpa
http://www.facebook.com/pages/StateImpact-
Pennsylvania/220787761298227

https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/feed/
http://www.witf.org/
http://www.whyy.org/
http://wesa.fm/#stream/0
https://www.alleghenyfront.org/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/author/mariecusick/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/author/reidfrazier/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/author/sphillips/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/author/asisk/
https://features.witf.org/pipelines/
https://features.witf.org/pipelines/
http://www.witf.org/sipa-aftertheboom/
http://www.witf.org/sipa-aftertheboom/
https://features.witf.org/sipaturnpike/
https://features.witf.org/sipaturnpike/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/09/13/stateimpact
-pennsylvania-to-expand-its-reach-with-grant-from-corporation-
for-public-broadcasting/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/09/20/philadelphi
a-works-to-bring-solar-energy-costs-down-to-earth/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/09/18/conflicting
-decisions-on-pipelines-frustrate-industry-landowners/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/
http://npr.org/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania
and their adult daughter, Hope Hubert.
Leslie Lewis, attorney for the families, declined to provide
details of the settlement and
said her clients were not willing to comment, but said were they
happy with the award.
“The settlement is final,” Lewis wrote in an email. “After
nearly a decade, the plaintiffs

are happy and relieved to have these past litigated matters
behind them.”
Scott Ely did not return a phone call seeking comment, but his
neighbor, Pat Farnelli,
said water from her well is still not drinkable more than a
decade after signing a lease
agreement with Cabot to drill on her land.
“We’re hauling water every week from a spring in
Montrose,” Farnelli said, referring to a nearby
town. She said she and her family still use well
water for laundry and dishes, but that her
daughter can’t bathe in it because it causes
inflammation of her skin.
“We thought we had this huge financial
opportunity knocking on our doors and no one
realized that it was going to affect our water,”
Farnelli said, referring to the lease agreement.
Farnelli was among the 15 homeowners who
sued Cabot, and was one of those who
previously settled. She declined to disclose the
terms of her settlement.
The company has racked up more than 130 drilling violations
from state regulators at
its Dimock wells, but insists the methane migration in Dimock
water wells is naturally
occurring, pointing to tests taken after drilling had been halted
in the area.
Under the Rendell Administration, DEP cracked down hard on
Cabot. The agency
fined the company $120,000 for the methane migration

incidents, barred it from
drilling within the Susquehanna County community and ordered
it to foot the bill for a
pipeline to bring water to Dimock residents. The new water line
was never built. Cabot
agreed to pay for temporary water supplies at the affected
homes. Those deliveries
were later halted.
George Stark, a spokesman for Cabot, said, in response to the
new settlement: “The
case has been settled. The matter is now closed.”
Dimock became a poster child for how some rural communities
were affected by
natural gas drilling during the early years of the shale boom
when it was featured in
Gasland, an anti-industry documentary by the producer Josh
Fox.
Fox said Tuesday that the families who sued Cabot wanted to
show that fracking was a
destructive process: “They didn’t care about money — they
wanted justice,” he said.
“And they got justice. I think they showed the world that this
process is extraordinarily
destructive to the environment.”
Katie Colaneri contributed reporting.
This story has been corrected to change the date of the
settlement to Sept. 21, not
Sept. 22, reflecting new information from the plaintiff’s
attorney.
TOPICS

DRBC takes a step toward banning
fracking in Northeast Pa.
RECENT POSTS
Sinkholes in Chester County prompt PUC
panel to ask for Mariner East 1 shutdown
Fatal gas leak at Pittsburgh-area power plant
draws OSHA fines
Listen: here’s why some strike it rich in the
gas patch and others strike out
EPA restores funding to news outlet
covering Chesapeake Bay
Proposed natural gas power plant in
Birdsboro gets set of permits from DEP
Be the first of your friends to like this
StateImpact Pennsylv…
4,133 likes
Like Page Share
RELATED
POSTS
Judge cancels jury award to
Dimock families; orders new
trial
EPA says fracking study’s data

gaps are an important
contribution to science
Federal public health report
highlights contaminants in
Dimock’s water
TOPICS
Dimock, PA: “Ground
Zero” In The Fight Over
Fracking
http://thetimes-tribune.com/news/gas-drilling/cabot-argues-to-
resume-drilling-in-dimock-as-tests-show-surges-of-methane-in-
water-wells-1.1220204#axzz1fmqcRIJc
http://www.propublica.org/article/pennsylvania-tells-drilling-
company-to-clean-up-its-act-1106
http://www.timesleader.com/news/Han.html
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/topic/delaware-
watershed/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/09/13/drbc-takes-
a-step-toward-banning-fracking-in-northeast-pa/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2018/03/07/sinkholes-
in-chester-county-prompt-puc-to-ask-for-mariner-east-1-
shutdown/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2018/03/06/fatal-gas-
leak-at-pittsburgh-area-power-plant-draws-osha-fines/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2018/03/06/listen-
heres-why-some-strike-it-rich-in-the-gas-patch-and-others-
strike-out/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2018/03/02/epa-
restores-funding-to-news-outlet-covering-chesapeake-bay/
https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2018/03/02/proposed-
natural-gas-plant-in-birdsboro-gets-set-of-permits-from-dep/
https://www.facebook.com/awilda.rodriguez.7796
https://www.facebook.com/richard.zambotti.9

https://www.facebook.com/christel.urmenyhazi
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100005384354843
https://www.facebook.com/michael.bride.58
https://www.facebook.com/sara.kudasick
https://www.facebook.com/meghan.kuna
https://www.facebook.com/StateImpactPA/
https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?app_id=77673092
2422337&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FStateImp
actPA%2F&display=popup&ref=plugin&src=page
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2017/03/31/judge-
cancels-jury-award-to-dimock-families-orders-new-trial/
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2016/12/26/epa-says-
fracking-study/
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2016/05/25/federal-
public-health-report-highlights-contaminants-in-dimocks-water/
http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/topic/dimock/
Buildings Account for 39% of CO2 emissions in the United
States
The commercial and residential building sector accounts for
39% of carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions in the United States per year, more than any other
sector. U.S. buildings alone
are responsible for more CO2 emissions annually than those of
any other country except
China. Most of these emissions come from the combustion of
fossil fuels to provide
heating, cooling and lighting, and to power appliances and
electrical equipment. By
transforming the built environment to be more energy-efficient
and climate-friendly, the

building sector can play a major role in reducing the threat of
climate change.
A growing source of CO2 emissions:
• In 2004, total emissions from residential
and commercial buildings were 2236
million metric tons of CO2, or 39% of
total U.S. CO2 emissions—more than
either the transportation or industrial
sectors
CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuels
Transport
33%
Buildings
39%
Industry
29%
• Over the next 25 years, CO2 emissions
from buildings are projected to grow
faster than any other sector, with
emissions from commercial buildings
projected to grow the fastest—1.8% a
year through 2030
• When other CO2 emissions attributable to buildings are

considered—such as the
emissions from the manufacture and transport of building
construction and demolition
materials and transportation associated with urban sprawl—the
result is an even
greater impact on the climate
Buildings consume 70% of the electricity load in the U.S.
The most significant factor contributing to CO2 emissions from
buildings is their use of
electricity:
• Commercial and residential buildings are tremendous users of
electricity, accounting
for more than 70% of electricity use in the U.S.
• The building sector consumed 40 quadrillion Btus of energy in
2005 at a cost of over
$300 billion. Energy use in the sector is projected to increase
to 50 quadrillion Btus
at a cost of $430 billion by the year 2025.
• The energy impact of buildings is likely to be even greater
when taking into account
other energy use attributable to buildings. For example, the
energy embodied in a
single building’s envelope equals 8-10 times the annual energy
used to heat and cool
the building.

• Buildings have a lifespan of 50-100 years during which they
continually consume
energy and produce CO2 emissions. If half of new commercial
buildings were built to
use 50% less energy, it would save over 6 million metric tons of
CO2 annually for the
life of the buildings—the equivalent of taking more than 1
million cars off the road
every year.
15 million new buildings are projected to be constructed by
2015
The U.S. population and economy are projected to grow
significantly over the coming
decades, increasing the need for new buildings:
• To meet this demand, approximately 15 million new buildings
are projected to be
constructed by 2015.
• Absent significant improvements in environmental
performance, the building sector
will be a major contributor to increasing global CO2 emissions.
Green buildings are a vital tool in the fight against climate
change
Scientists predict that left unchecked, emissions of CO2 and
other greenhouse gases

from human activities will raise global temperatures by 2.5ºF to
10ºF this century. The
effects will be profound, and may include rising sea levels,
more frequent floods and
droughts, and increased spread of infectious diseases. To
address the threat of climate
change, greenhouse gas emissions must be slowed, stopped, and
reversed. Meeting the
challenge will require dramatic advances in technologies and a
shift in how the world
economy generates and uses energy.
Building green is one of the best strategies for meeting the
challenge of climate change
because the technology to make substantial reductions in energy
and CO2 emissions
already exists. The average LEED certified building uses 32%
less electricity and saves
350 metric tons of CO2 emissions annually. Modest
investments in energy-saving and
other climate-friendly technologies can yield buildings and
communities that are
environmentally responsible, profitable and healthier places to
live and work, and that
contribute to reducing CO2 emissions.
Green buildings provide abundant opportunities for saving
energy and
mitigating CO2 emissions
Building green can reduce CO2 emissions while improving the
bottom line through energy
and other savings. Examples of measures that can be taken to
improve building
performance include:

• Incorporating the most efficient heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems,
along with operations and maintenance of such systems to
assure optimum
performance
• Using state of the art lighting and optimizing daylighting
• Using recycled content building and interior materials
• Reducing potable water usage
• Using renewable energy
• Implementing proper construction waste management
• Siting the building near public transportation
• Using locally produced building materials

UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental
Sciences
Division of Urban Architecture & Community Design
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2: KYOTO POSITION PAPER
After watching and discussing the documentary film “An
Inconvenient Truth”, students will use their new-found
knowledge to form a position paper regarding the United States’
OR their own personal stance for or against the Kyoto Protocol
and climate change. Papers must discuss the current status of
the Kyoto Treaty and express what they personally feel should
be done about the Kyoto Protocol and or global warming in the
future. Your paper must also discuss recent climate change
conferences and treaties such as the 2015 United Nations
Climate Change conference and how it relates to the Kyoto
Treaty and the United States.
The paper must be a minimum of four pages, double-spaced.
revised 1/23/2019
PAGE
2
1/23/2019

An Inconvenient TruthAIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdfTHeBiGSixU.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to An Inconvenient TruthAIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdfTHeBiGSixU.docx

Similar to An Inconvenient TruthAIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdfTHeBiGSixU.docx (20)

More from greg1eden90113

More from greg1eden90113 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

An Inconvenient TruthAIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdfTHeBiGSixU.docx