Augmented Reality-pedagogical potentials, Pedagogy in Bring Your own Devices (BYOD)

2. PEDAGOGY IN BRING YOUR OWN DEVICES
(BYOD) ENVIRONMENT
BRING YOUR OWN DEVICE OR BYOD IS A SIMPLE
CONCEPT OF PEOPLE AND SCHOOL STAFF BEING
ALLOWED TO BRING THEIR OWN INTERNET-ENABLE
DEVICES INTO SCHOOL AND USE THEM TO WORK
AND LEARN.
 WITH BYOD, EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES HAVE
BEEN ABLE TO SHARE MOBILE USE WITH FLEXIBLE
ARRANGEMENTS WHERE A PERSONAL DEVICE CAN

3. BYOD INCLUDES A VARIETY OF DEVICES AND MAY
INCLUDE LAPTOP, NETBOOK, SMARTPHONES,
TABLET COMPUTERS, EBOOK, AUDIO AND VIDEO
MP3/MP4 PLAYERS ETC.
THE ADOPTION OF BYOD MODELS IN SCHOOLS IS
LARGELY THE RESULT OF TWO FACTORS NAMELY
SCHOOL BUDGET CONSTRAINTS AND THE
CONSUMING OF TECHNOLOGY.
BYOD COULD BE CONSIDERED AS ENRICHING AND
EXTENDING EXISTING TEACHING METHODS.

4. TEACHERS CAN CREATE ONLINE POLLS WHERE THE
STUDENTS RESPOND IMMEDIATELY IN A LESSON VIA THEIR
WEB-ENABLE DEVICES.
STUDENTS CAN ASK QUESTIONS VIA TEXT MESSAGE
WITHOUT DISRUPTING THE FLOW OF A LECTURE AND CAN
BECOME MORE INDEPENDENT IN THEIR INFORMATION
SEEKING.
THE INCREASING NUMBER OF SENSORS PRESENT ON
PHONES AND TABLETS CAN BE USED TO SUPPORT SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS, PROVIDING ACCURACY AS GOOD AS
SCHOOL OR COLLEGE EQUIPMENT BUT WITHOUT THE

5. AS WITH FLIPPED LEARNING, BYOD CAN SHIFT
THE TEACHER’S ROLE TOWARDS GUIDING AND
MANAGING.
STUDENTS CAN ACCESS THEIR OWN DEVICES
TO ACHIEVE GOALS SET BY THEIR TEACHERS
AND BECOME MORE INDEPENDENT LEARNERS.
A TEACHER MAY SET ACTIVITIES IN THE
CLASSROOM TO BE CONTINUED AT HOME OR
ELSEWHERE AND THEN SHARED BACK AT

6. CHALLENGES OF BYOD
LEARNERS MAY BE DISADVANTAGED IF THEY CANNOT
AFFORD THE MULTIMEDIA DEVICES NEEDED TO
PARTICIPATE FULLY, OR THEY HAVE TO MONITOR AND
RESTRICT THEIR DATA USAGE.
GIVING STUDENTS UNCONTROLLED ACCESS TO THE
INTERNET AT ALL TIMES MAY RESULT IN STUDENTS
BROWSING THE WEB OR MESSAGING THEIR FRIENDS
WHEN THEY SHOULD BE CONCENTRATING ON A
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY.

7. STUDENTS MAY MISUSE THE POWER OF
THEIR DEVICES.
IN SOME COUNTRIES, THESE ISSUES OF
ACCESS AND APPROPRIATE USE HAVE BEEN
HIGHLIGHTED IN THE PRESS AND TAKEN UP
BY TEACHERS ORGANIZATION.

8. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
(OER)
OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ARE TEACHING
AND LEARNING MATERIALS THAT ARE FREELY
AVAILABLE ONLINE FOR EVERYONE TO USE. IN AN
EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT, OER RELATES TO
RESOURCES THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY LINCENCED
TO BE USED AND RE-USED.

9.  EXAMPLES OF OER INCLUDE FULL COURSES,
COURSE MODULES, SYLLABI, LECTURES,
HOMEWORKS, ASSIGNMENT, QUIZZES, LAB
AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES, PEDAGOGICAL
MATERIALS, GAMES SIMULATIONS AND
MANY MORE RESOURCES CONTAINED IN
DIGITAL MEDIA COLLECTIONS FROM
AROUND THE WORLD.

10. MANY PHILOSOPHIES AND MODELS OF OER
HAVE EMERGED WHICH INCLUDE SHARING
FREELY, PREVENTING DUPLICATION,
AVOIDING RESTRICTIVE (COPYRIGHT)
PRACTICES, PROMOTING ECONOMIC
EFFECIENCIES AND IMPROVING ACCESS TO
WIDE GROUPS OF STAKEHOLDERS.

11. SEVERAL OF THESE PHILOSOPHIES HAVE BEEN
SIGNIFICANT WITHIN THE EDUCATION COMMUNITY
BOTH I TERMS OF RESEARCH AND LEARNING &
TEACHING, PARTICULARLY EDUCATIONAL
TEACHNOLOGY.
LEARNING RESOURCES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED
THEIR LEVELS OF GRANULARITY AND FOCUS ON THE
DEGREE TO WHICH INFORMATION CONTENT IS
EMBEDDED WITHIN A LEARNING ACTIVITY.

12. OER WAS FIRST INTRODUCED AT A CONFERENCE HOSTED
BY UNESCO IS 2000 AND WAS PROMOTED IN THE CONTEXT
OF PROVIDING FREE ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
ON A GLOBAL SCALE.
OER INITIATIVES ASPIRE TO PROVIDE OPEN ACCESS TO
HIGH-QUALITY EDUCATION RESOURCES ON A GLOBAL
SCALE.
FROM LARGE INSTITUTION-BASED OR INTSTITUTION-
SUPPORTED INITIATIVES TO NUMEROUS SMALL-SCALE
ACTIVITIES, THE NUMBER OF OER RELATED PROGRAMMES
AND PROJECTS HAVE BEEN GROWING QUICKLY WITHIN THE

13. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE
CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE IS ALSO KNOWN AS
CREATIVE COMMONS (CC)
CREATIVE COMMONS IS A NON-PROFIT
ORGANISATION FORMED I N 2001 TO PROVIDE FREE
ACCESS TO CULTURE, EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
THOUGHT THE WEB’S OPEN SOURCE PLATFORM.

14. CREATIVE COMMON LICENCES A SOME RIGHTS
RESERVED ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL
COPYRIGHT LAW, ALLOWING VARIOUS TYPES OF
CONTENT TO ACHIEVE FULL WEB POTENTIAL AND
COMPATIBILITY.
CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCES ALLOW CREATORS
TO MAINTAIN COPYRIGHTS ON THEIR WORKS
WHILE ALLOWING OTHERS TO COPY AND
DISTRIBUTE THOSE WORKS.

15. IN CREATIVE COMMON LICENCES, WORK CAN BE FREELY
SHARED AND DISTRIBUTED , AS LONG AS THE CREATOR IS
GIVEN PROPER CREDIT AND THE WORK IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER
THE LICENCE’S SPECIFIED CONDITIONS.
THE CREATIVE COMMONS BOARD INCLUDES ENTERPRENEURS,
PHILANTROPISTS AND EXPERTS IN EDUCATION, THROUGH
LEADERSHIP, TEACHNOLOGY AND LAW.
CREATIVE COMMON PROVIDES THE LEGAL AND TECHNICAL
INFRACTRUCTURE ESSENTIAL TO THE LONG-TERM SUCCESS OF
EOR, MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TO BE
WIDELY ACCESSIBLE, ADAPTABLE, INTEROPERABLE AND
DISCOVERABLE.

16. CC LICENCES HELP EDUCATORS TO BROADEN THE
IMPACT OF THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TO
COSTUMISE RESOURCES MADE SIMILARLY AVAILABLE
BY OTHERS TO SUIT THEIR OWN CURRICULUM NEEDS
AND NEEDS OF THEIR STUDENTS, AND TO EASILY
SEARCH FOR AND FINS RELEVANT OER.
CC ENABLES TRANSLATION OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES INTO DIFFERENT LANGUANGES.
CC ENABLES EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TO EVOLVE
AND BE IMPROVED THROUGH PEER AND STUDENT
EDITS.

17. CC ENABLES EASIER DISCOVERY OF EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES ON THE WEB.
CC OFFERS CREATORS A SIMPLE, STANDARDISED
WAY TO GRANT COPYRIGHT PERMISSIONS TO THEIR
WORK.
GOVERNMENT BODIES, UNIVERSITIES, AND LIBRARIES
AROUND THE WORLD LEVERAGE CC LICENCES TO
INCREASE ACCESS TO, AND THE IMPACT OF, THEIR
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESS.

18. CC LICENSES ARE AVAILABLE IN THREE DIFFERENT
FORMATS.
1. THE FIRST HUMAN-READABLE DEED THAT SIMPLIFIES
THE TERMS OF EACH LICENSE INTO A FEW UNIVERSAL
ICONS AND NON-TEACHING LANGUANGE.
2. THE SECOND IS THE LAWYER-READABLE TERMS OF
THE LICENSE ITSELF, WHICH HAVE BEEN VETTED BY A
GLOBAL TEAM OF LEGAL EXPERTS.
3. THE THIRD IS THE MACHINE-READABLE CODE ENABLES
SEARCHA AND DISCOVERY.

19. THE OER MOVEMENT IS POISED TO GREATLY
FURTHER GLOBAL ACCESS TO AND
PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION, BUT ONLY IF A
CRETICAL MASS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
AND COMMUNITIES INTEROPERATE LEGALLY AND
TECHNICALLY VIA CREATIVE COMMONS.
THIS WILL REQUIRE INSTITUTIONS TEACHERS AND
POLICYMAKERS IN ALL ARENAS TO IMPLEMENT
AND RECOMMEND USE OF CC’S TOOLS FOR
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES.