A catalytic converter is a device fitted inside the exhaust pipe used to control the emission of the vehicle. By catalyzing a redox reaction, it converts toxic gases into less toxic pollutants. The conversion occurs upto 98%. It reduces the emission level of harmful gases by doing the reduction of nitrogen oxide into nitrogen and oxygen, oxidation of hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. To prevent environmental pollution, and prevent emission related issues of the vehicle, the catalytic converter must be kept in good order.

2. Ignition of hydrocarbon-based fuel inside the combustion chamber of an
engine generates a huge amount of environmental pollutants as
byproducts.

3. Invention and integration of catalytic converter in the car
has significantly reduced the emission level.

4. It helps to get rid of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and
other kinds of pollutants and thus prevents air pollution.

5. However, clogged or defective catalytic
could not do its job efficiently.

6. Any signs which show that the catalytic converter
has issues should not be overlooked.

7. Efforts should be made to remove the contaminants
and keep the catalytic converted clean.

9. Catalyst is a substance that induces
or accelerates a chemical reaction.

10. The catalytic converter uses certain types of metallic catalysts
which helps to convert toxic pollutants to non-toxic gases.

11. Usually, modern car makers use noble metals like platinum,
palladium, and rhodium in the catalytic converter.

12. A catalytic converter has two
different types of catalyst:

13.  REDUCTION CATALYST
 OXIDATION CATALYST

14. Such components made of a ceramic complex laminated with
metallic catalysts like palladium, platinum, or rhodium.

16. There are two different types of the catalytic
converter with distinct features.

17. TWO-WAY CATALYTIC
CONVERTER

18. Such types of catalytic converters were
widely used during the 1980s.

19. Two-way catalytic converter could efficiently convert
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide.

20.  2CO+ O2 → 2 CO2
 HYDROCARBONS + O2 → CO2 + H2O

21. However, it could not deal with oxides of nitrogen which
are solely responsible for the smog and acid rain.

22. THREE-WAY CATALYTIC
CONVERTER

23. Such types of catalytic converters can reduce the emission of NO
and NO2 which are solely responsible for the acid rain.

24. It reduces the oxides of nitrogen to free
nitrogen which is not toxic.

25. Following reactions might be helpful to
understand the reduction of oxides of
nitrogen to free and non-toxic
nitrogen.
 2 H2 + 2 NO → 2 H2O + N2
 2 CO + 2 NO → 2 CO2 + N2
 HYDROCARBON + NO → CO2 + H2O + N2

26. Besides, a three-way catalytic converter could more efficiently
deal with the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.

28. Catalytic converter plays a crucial role by converting toxic
environmental pollutants to non-toxic free gases.

29. Any kinds of abnormalities in the catalytic
converters should never be neglected.

30. The root cause of such abnormalities
should be identified and repaired in time.

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