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Three way catalytic converter
1. SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
Session: CATALYTIC CONVERTER
11/24/2020 16MT407 - Theory of Automobile Engineering 1
MODULE 1
2. SESSION OBJECTIVES
11/24/2020 16MT407 - Theory of Automobile Engineering 2
On the completion of this session, the students might
be able to understand,
Function of catalytic Converter
3. Topics
Introduction
History
Construction of catalytic Converter
Working of catalytic Converter
Types of catalytic converter
Advantages
Conclusion
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4. INTRODUCTION
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VEHICLE EMISSION:
Vehicular emission is a substance
discharged into air, especially by an
internal combustion engine
It includes a number of biologically active
substance CO, HC, and NOx.
5. INTRODUCTION
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Adverse Environmental effects :
Photochemical Smog &
Rising Mercury in the air
Acid Rain Death of Rain Forest
Health Hazard &
Reduce Atmospheric
Visibility
6. INTRODUCTION
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Vehicle Emission Control : It is the study of reducing
the motor vehicle emission
Types of Vehicle Emission control:
1.Secondary Air Injection
7. INTRODUCTION
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Vehicle Emission Control : It is the study of reducing
the motor vehicle emission
Types of Vehicle Emission control:
2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation 3. Catalytic Converter
8. INTRODUCTION
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What is Catalytic Converter :
A catalytic Converter is a emission device that
converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas to
less toxic pollutants.
Location of Catalytic Converter
9. HISTORY
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History of Catalytic Converter :
Eugene Jules Houdry
Invented Catalytic
Converter for
smoke stacks
called “Cats”
In 1950 He started
research to develop “CATS”
for Gasoline Engine
In 1973
John.J.Mooney and
CarlD.Keith
Developed a
catalytic Converter for
Engelhard corporation
1975 – It was
used in fuel Engine
& 1980’s – 3 Way
“CATS "introduced
for NOx Reduction
in SI Engine
10. CONSTRUCTION OF CATS
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Construction of “CATS” :
Honey comb – Ceramic Core
Washcoat added to the coat,
Form some irregular surface,
that surface area utilized for
catalyst reaction
The Catalyst (Platinum) is
most often a precious wash
coat
Palladium (Oxidation Catalyst)
and Rhodium (Reduction
Catalyst) are two other
precious metals used for CO &
NOx
11. WORKING OF CATS
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Working of “CATS” :
In chemistry, a catalyst is substance that causes or
accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being
affected
In the catalytic converter, there are two different
types of catalyst at work, a reduction catalyst and an
oxidation catalyst.
Both types consists of a ceramic structure coated with
metals
Catalyst, usually platinum, Rhodium and or Palladium
12. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Types of Catalytic Converter :
Catalytic converter are classified into 2 types based
on the capability of eliminating the number of
pollutants.
Two way Catalytic Converter
Three way Catalytic Converter
13. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Two Way Catalytic Converter :
The two way oxidation catalytic converter performs
two simultaneous tasks of oxidation of carbon
monoxide to carbon dioxide and oxidation of
hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water
Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:
2𝐶𝑂 + 𝑂2 = 2𝐶𝑂2
Oxidation of Hydrocarbon
𝐶 𝑋 𝐻2𝑋+2 +
3𝑋 + 1
2
𝑂2 = 𝑋𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑋 + 1 𝐻2 𝑂
Disadvantage: Inability to control oxides of nitrogen
14. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Three Way Catalytic Converter :
It converts harmful gases (NOx, CO, HC) in the
engine exhaust to relatively harmless gases (N2, Co2,
H20).
A three way catalytic converter make use of two
catalyst to convert harmful gases to harmless gases.
Reduction Catalyst (Platinum and Rhodium)
Oxidation Catalyst (Platinum and Palladium)
Stage 1:
2NO = N2 + O2
15. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Three Way Catalytic Converter :
Stage 2: In this stage oxidation occurs as in two way
catalytic converter.
Reduction
Catalyst
Oxidation
Catalyst
Exhaust gases with NOx & Co
NOx
Removed
N2, CO2, and H2O
CERAMIC HONEYCOMB STRUCTURED CATALYST
3 WAY CATALYTIC Converter
3 Way catalytic converters are so named because they are capable of
eliminating three pollutants – NOx, CO, and HC
16. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Effectiveness of Three way catalytic converter:
17. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Advantages:
Reduce the amount of harmful pollution produced by
the vehicle
Faster Reaction
Easy Replaceable
Disadvantages:
Catalyst require some time to start its action.
Catalyst are little expensive.
18. TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Conclusion:
Vehicular emission produces the CO, HC and NOx these
emission are reduced by using catalytic converter.
The two – way oxidation catalytic converter that are
reduces the effect produces by CO, HC
The three way – Oxidation catalytic converter that are
reduces the effect produced by CO, HC, and Nox
Catalytic converters are play a major role in reduction of
emission produced by the vehicle.