EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION IN SI ENGINES FOR TWO WHEELERS

1. SIDDARTHA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)
( Approved by AICTE ,New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA , Ananthapuram )
Siddartha Nagar,Narayanavanam Road,PUTTUR-517583.
2013-2017
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
B.Tech (2013-2017)

2. EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION IN S.I
ENGINES-TWO WHEELERS
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr. S. Bala Anki Reddy M.Tech
Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by
M.Lakshmipathi P.Jayachandra reddy M.Bheemalinga chowdary B.Konda reddy
134E1A0327 134E1A0319 134E1A0309 134E1A0323

3. CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• NOX FORMATION AND REDUCTION
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• COMPONENTS
• 2D DRAWING OF EGR
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• CONCLUSION

4. ABSTRACT
• Every Human Welfare organisation in the world are
looking forward for some method to control pollution .
• When we discuss air pollution,the major contribution
of pollutants are from the automobile.
• Among the pollution control system available ,we
found that a system based on exhaust gas
recirculation(EGR).
• We hope that prescribed system might be
implemented in motorcycles to be launched in future.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Deepak Agrawal et al [2], EGR controls the NOx because it lowers oxygen concentration and
flame temperature of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. The experiments were carried
out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for different EGR rates of the
engine. The engine was operated for 96 h in normal running conditions and the deposits on vital
engine parts were assessed. Soot deposits on various vital engine parts were done
photographically. Piston rings were weighed before and after 96 h of the engine test run for set of
experiments to measure wear of piston. It can be observed from fig 9, 10, 11 and 12 that 15%
EGR rate is found to be effective to reduce NOx emission without deteriorating engine
performance and in terms of thermal efficiency, BSFC and emissions.
• H.E.Saleh [5], effect of EGR with jojoba methyl ester on diesel engine is attempted to reduce
nitrogen oxide. At high speed, the engine output and efficiency with JME were higher than that
with diesel fuel. The BSFC with JME is lower than that with diesel fuel by 8.2%, 9.8% at
1200rpm and 1600 rpm respectively. The NOx concentration with JME fuel is higher than that
with diesel fuel. At 1200 rpm, the increase of approximately 16% in the NOx emissions with JME
compared with diesel fuel and about 14% at 160 rpm. It is difficult to employ an EGR rate larger
than 12%, and this may result in an excessive increase in BSFC up to 11%. The reduction in NOx
was 33% at that level of EGR rate. For all operating conditions, a better trade off between HC,
CO and NOx emissions can be attained within a limited EGR rate of 5-15% with little economy
penalty.

6. • V.V.Prathibha Bharathi, Dr. Smt. G. Prasanthi [4], investigates the effect of
EGR with Karanja Biodiesel and Grooved Piston with Knurling in an IC engine of
single cylinder water cooled, 3.68 rated HP at 1500 rpm. Tests were conducted on
10%, 15% and 20% EGR with 9 grooved piston. The BTE for normal engine at ¾
of rated load is 26% and 28.1%, 27.9% and 27.6% BTE were observed for 10%,
15% and 20% EGR respectively. There is a gain of 7.4% with 20% EGR compared
to normal engine. By EGR20 2.94% of fuel consumption were observed compared
to normal engine.13%, 5.4% and 2.9% reduction of NOx , HC and CO were
measured. Investigated that combination of karanja biodiesel with EGR20 and
piston with nine grooves give better performance and reduced emissions.

7. NOX FORMATION
• The factors that cause diesel engines to run more
efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to run
at a higher temperature.
• This leads to the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some of
the oxygen is used to burn the fuel.
• When the peak temperatures are high enough for long
periods of time, the nitrogen and oxygen in the air
combines to form Nitrogen oxides.
• These are normally collectively referred to as “Nox”.

8. NOX REDUCTION
• In order to reduce NOx a engine should run at a lower
temperature than the normal temperature.
• Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three
ways.
1. Enriching the air fuel mixture
2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding
ignition timings
3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the cylinder

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• EGR works by recirculating a portion of an
engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders.
• The EGR reduces NOx through lowering the
oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber
• In exhaust gas recirculation, some of the exhaust
gas is drawn off from the exhaust system; filter
and redirected back into the cylinders.
• This dramatically reduces the production of
nitrogen oxides and other emissions.

10. COMPONENTS
• FRAME
• ENGINE
• COOLANT
• CHAIN
• CARBURETTOR

11. • Gate valve
• Carbon filter

12. 2D DRAWING

13. APPLICATIONS
• These types exhaust gas recirculation in two
wheelers have a wide range of applications in
the fields like,
1.Light-Duty Engines.
2.Heavy-Duty Engines
3.Off-road Engines
4.Marine Engines
5.Two wheeler and four wheeler

14. ADVANTAGES
• Emission control
• Fuel consumption is reduced.
• The fuel efficiency and the efficiency of the
engine is increased.
• Easy combustion
• Repairing and replacing is easy.
• The cost of the system is low.
• Reductions in lubricating oil consumption

15. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
• Relationship between EGR rate and NOX

16. • Relationship between O2 concentration
And NOx reduction

17. • HC and NOx concentration as a function of
EGR Level

18. TECHNICAL ISSUES
1. Combustion Contamination
• Exhaust gas from any combustion process may have
certain contaminants
• May lead to serious combustion degradation and
instability, and shorter component life.
2. Control System Stability
• Control systems for modern engines have been developed
over two decades to maintain emissions control at varying
loads, speeds, and fuel conditions.
• Adding EGR into the combustion process introduces
further complexity that must be carefully integrated into
the entire engine control system approach for successful
operation over a wide range of conditions.

19. 3. Materials and Durability
• EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the
components affected, including the EGR coolers and
control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads, exhaust
manifolds and sensors
• Continuous duty applications may cause materials
breakdown, shorter component life, and even
unexpected, catastrophic engine failures.

20. CONCLUSION
• Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, the
emissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts
of NOx entering the atmosphere.
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It has
proven to be very useful and it is being modified further to
attain better standards.
• This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption
• EGR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous
oxide emissions from the engine exhaust.

21. THANK YOU