2. FEATURES OF VULNERABILITY ATLAS
Three natural disasters most common in India-
Earthquakes, floods and cyclones
Macro and Micro level planning is to be done to identify
the state and district boundaries, zone under which the
place comes for identifying the intensity of quakes
Features
•Seismic Hazard Map
•Cyclone and Wind Hazard Map
•Flood prone area Map
•Housing Stock vulnerability and level of risk each house
could be subjected to
Maps are drawn to a scale of 1:2.5 Million.
3.
4. SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS
Zone V- Covers areas liable to seismic intensity IX and
above based on MMI. High Damage Risk Zone
Zone IV- Gives the area liable to MM VIII. Second in
severity . High Damage Risk zone
Zone III- MM VII. Moderate Risk Zone
Zone II- MM V or VI Low Damage Risk Zone
5. HOUSING VULNERABILITY TABLES
# Usually based on Roofs and Walls.
Category A- building in field stone, rural structures, un
burnt brick houses, clay houses
Category B- Ordinary brick buildings,building of the
large block and prefabricated type, half-timbered
structures, buildings in natural hewn stone
Category C- Reinforced building, well built wooden
structures
Category X- Other types generally not covered in A,B
and C and are generally light.
6. DAMAGE RISK LEVELS FOR EARTHQUAKES
•Very High Damage Risk(VH)- Total Collapse of Building
•High Damage Risk(H)- Gaps in Walls, Parts of building
may collapse, separate parts of the building lose their
cohesion and inner walls collapse
•Moderate Damage Risk(M)- Large and deep cracks in walls,
fall of chimneys on roofs
•Low Damage Risk(L)- Small cracks in walls, fall of fairly
large pieces of plaster, particles slip off, cracks in chimneys,
part may fall down
•Very Low Damage Risk(VL)- Fine cracks in plaster, fall of
small pieces of plaster
7. USE OF VULNERABILITY ATLAS
Management of disasters and executive actions at district
levels
Most susceptible locations, type of housing, risk involved in
the event of disaster
•Development plans can be prepared for (1) Preventive
actions like hazard resistant constructions and retrofitting of
existing buildings (2)Mitigating the intensity and extent of
disaster (3)Warning system implementation (4) Hierarchical
structure for preparedness (5) Training of manpower useful
in case of emergency (6) Implementation of land zoning
regulations
8. DAMAGE SCENARIO OF A HYPOTHETICAL 8.0
MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE IN WARANGALAND
KARIMNAGAR
Assumptions
(1)Number of houses are considered as per projected 2010
census
(2)Earthquake has occurred in the month of Early January
(Winter Season)
(3)The EQ has occurred at 3:00 Hrs when most of the
inmates were sleeping
(4)The size of the family per collapsing house is assumed as
3.25
(5)The average death rate is varied between 6-18% of the
occupants of collapsed houses. Assume 10%
(6)In partially collapsed houses death rate is say 4% of
occupants
9. Table-1 Houses type in the District of Karimnagar and Warangal of Andhra
Pradesh(2010 Census)
S.N
o
District Total
Houses
% Area Number of House Types
MSK
VII
MSK
< VI
A B C X
1 WGL 7,83,915 30.2 69.8 3,72,105 3,04,335 15,230 92,245
2 KRMR 5,51,235 86.0 14.0 2,01,175 1,57,010 22,710 1,70,340
13,35,150 5,73,280 4,61,345 37,940 2,62,585
Table-2 Number of Houses of various type in Different Seismic Intensity Areas
of Magnitude 8.0 EQ in 2010
S.No District No of A Type No of B Type No of C Type No of X Type
VII < VI VII < VI VII < VI VII < VI
1 WGL 1,12
,376
2,59,7
29
91,90
9
2,12,42
6
4,600 10,630 27,85
8
64,387
2 KRMR 1,73
,011
28,16
4
1,35,
029
21,981 19,530 3,180 1,46,4
92
23,848
2,85
,387
2,87,8
93
2,26,
938
2,34,40
7
24,130 13,810 1,74,3
50
88,235
10. Table-3 Estimate of Potential Building Damage
Note: Few=5% Many= 50% Most= 75% Bal= Balance
Buildin
g type
No. of Houses in each
Intensity Zone
Completely
Collapse
Partially
Collapse
Large
Cracks
Small
Cracks
No of Fine
Cracks
A VII- 2,85,387
< VI-2,87893
-
-
Few-
14,270
-
Most-
2,14,04
0
-
Bal-
57,077
-
-
2,87,893
B VII- 2,26,938
< VI-2,34,407
-
-
-
-
-
-
Many
1,13,46
9
-
1,13,469
2,34,407
C VII- 24,130
< VI-13,810
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24,130
13,810
X VII- 1,74,350
<VI- 88,235
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,74,350
88,235
Total 14,270 2,14,04
0
1,70,54
6
9,36,294
11. SUMMARY OF DAMAGE
(1)No of completely Collapsed Houses – Nil
(2)No of Partially Collapsed Houses - 14,270(A Type)
(3)No of Largely Cracked Houses – 2,14,040
(4)No of Houses with small cracks – 1,70,546
(5)No of Houses with Fine Cracks - 9,36,294
Estimation of No of Deaths
Assuming 3.25 persons in each house and 4% of occupants
die in a partially collapsed houses
No of deaths = 14,270 x 3.25 x 4/100 = 1855
12. Estimating of Monetary Loss
Assumptions
• Compensatory relief for a life = Rs 1.0 Lakh
• Average Cost of Reconstructing a House= Rs 0.70 Lakh
• Average Cost of Rehabilitating houses with large cracks and
retrofitting = 1.15 X 0.30 = 0.35 Lakh
• Average Cost of rehabilitating houses with small cracks and
retrofitting = 0.20 Lakh
• Average Cost of rehabilitating houses with fine cracks and
retrofitting = 0.05 Lakh
*Compensation for death= 1,855 Lakhs
*Compensation for Partially Collapsed houses and retrofitting =
14,270 X 0.70 = 9,989 Lakhs
*Largely Cracked Houses = 2,14,040 X 0.35 = 74,914 Lakhs
*Small Cracked Houses= 1,70,546 X 0.20 = 34,109 Lakhs
*Houses with fine cracks= 9,36,294 X 0.05 = 46,814.70 Lakhs
Total = 1,20,867 Lakhs = 1213.8 Crores
