RESEARCH PROJECTISOL 531 Access Control .docx

RESEARCH PROJECT
ISOL 531 Access Control Spring 2019
Select a topic of your choosing in the area of Access Control
and write a research paper as part of a group project. Make this
a paper appropriate for journal publication. That is you must
endeavor to meet all the requirements of such a project. Hence,
your paper should include all or most of the following:
1. Appropriate figures and tables
2. The research method(s)
3. The results
4. The discussion
5. Clear conclusion
6. A compelling introduction
7. An abstract
8. A well concise and descriptive title
9. Acknowledgements
10. References
Assignment 5: HR Project Management Final Team Report
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points
You are now ready to present to management a final report on
establishing a project team and project phases needed to initiate
the changes for a more centralized model of delivering HR
services. Once the management team receives the report and is
thoroughly briefed on the direction the project will take, you
and your project team will begin work on the project.

The management team report will be a consolidation of the
previous assignment papers you have written in this course
PLUS a Report Overview (sort of like an executive summary)
and Final Conclusion (offering importance of topics and
recommendations for next steps). You may make up a fictitious
company name (DO NOT use real companies) and create your
own HR project team name.
K and G
Solution
s Company Name
Team Name Creative Lions
Prepare a twenty-five to thirty (25-30) page paper in which you:
1. Create a minimum 2 full-page report overview (executive
summary) summarizing and emphasizing the key points of the
report’s contents, which are the topics from previous papers in
the course.
2. HINT:
.
https://www.clear.rice.edu/bioe451/documentation%20files/Exe
cutive%20Summary%20Example_072909.pdf
. https://www.proposify.com/blog/executive-summary
. https://www.template.net/business/word-templates/best-
executive-summary-samples/

· Copy and paste all content with headings from the previous
course assignments minus any cover pages, running heads,
introduction and conclusion sections, and reference pages. All
information must be properly aligned and formatted according
to APA guidelines and each page must have a page number
(your choice of number location).
· Prepare and include an original conclusion section to be
placed immediately after the paper content. NOTE: Do not use
any previous conclusion sections from past papers in the course.
The conclusion section must take all previous papers into
account.
· Create the reference page(s) by copying and pasting ALL
references from the previous 4 assignments and any new
references as a result of this report. Remember, the reference
page should be separate from the other text.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· All content within the paper must be set up and aligned per the
requirements for an APA-style paper.
· All text font will be Times New Roman 12 pt. and spacing
between all lines of information will not exceed double space.
· A cover page is required for the assignment and the student is
allowed to be creative in designing their own cover page. It
does not have to meet APA guidelines.
· Cover and reference pages are not counted in the minimum

page count.
· All in-text citations must contain 3 parts: (1) Author or
Source, (2) Year, and (3) Page or Paragraph number. This goes
for direct quotes and paraphrased information.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
· Explain the elements of project management and its
relationship to human resource management.
· Assess organizational strategies that contribute to effective
project management of human resources.
· Determine the characteristics of a successful project plan.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in
employee and labor relations.
· Write clearly and concisely about employee and labor
relations using proper writing mechanics.
Assignment 1
Strategic Planning Steps
For the human resources department, strategic planning is an
important step because it determines the efficiency and
effectiveness of the department (Abraham, 2012). It is

important for the human resource manager to take a look at
what an organization needs to achieve then come up with a plan
that will make this achievable. It is important to utilize an
effective strategic planning process to make sure different
objectives are achieved. Below are the major steps in the
process.
Strategic analysis
Strategic analysis is the first step in the strategic planning
process that lays the foundation for the rest of the stages.
Simply, it involves conducting extensive research of an
organizational environment. It is an important step because it
reveals various factors in the environment that affect
performance. This provides the best understanding that a human
resources manager needs in order to know what to do next. As
stated earlier, it is the foundation on which the entire strategic
planning process is built.
Guiding principles, vision, and mission
This is a step in the process that provides the overall goals and
objectives that should be achieved in the short term as well as
the long-term (Abraham, 2012). At this stage, the values which
an organization subscribes to are established. This will work as
guidelines which will provide a direction for the organization to
move towards. It is a critical step that should be observed
keenly because it provides a compass defines the direction that
an organization takes. The step determines whether or not the

overall purpose of an organization will be achieved.
Strategic objectives
Strategic objectives are the highest targets of an organization.
Achievement of such objectives implies that an organization has
been successful in its operations. In other words, these are
objectives which are handled by the strategic management team.
In a typical organization, there are various departments which
are tasked to different responsibilities. All these responsibilities
are geared towards the strategic objectives. Simply, when
departmental goals are achieved, an organization would have
achieved its strategic objectives. As much as it is a strategic
management affair, its success comes from all levels of an
organization. Different departments play different roles in
ensuring that the strategic objectives of an organization are
achieved.
Flow down objectives
Flow down objectives is organizational objectives which are to
be achieved at a personal level. As much as they are for the
benefit of the organization, individual employees take up
personal responsibilities for the objectives. This is a stage in
the strategic planning process that creates an element of
responsibility and accountability (Abraham, 2012).
Portfolio alignments
This is a step that involves aligning projects to strategies. It is
the responsibility of the management team to ensure whatever

strategies an organization implementing are directly related to
the achievement of the project objectives. This step ensures that
the strategies are relevant.
From a general perspective, the steps are important because
they provide a direction for the project team. The team
understands what it needs to do at different stages in its
operations. It is given a specific guideline that enables it to
achieve its objective effectively and efficiently.
Vision
A vision statement outlines the overall intention of an
organization. It provides a target that all efforts should be
focused on. In this case, below is that vision statement for the
project team. “Bring all stakeholders together, move in one
direction as one team, and deliver the best services to our
clients”. With respect to this vision statement, the overall
purpose of the project team is to make sure clients are served in
the most effective and efficient manner. However, for this to be
achieved, all stakeholders must be brought together and form
one trim that will move in one direction.
Mission
The mission of the project team is to "Empower all stakeholders
with the needed resources so that they can do their best for the
clients and the organization in general".
The mission is a source of inspiration in the sense that it

focuses on empowering stakeholders so that each of them can
deliver what is expected of them.
Project Charter
In simpler terms, a project charter is basically a statement of the
objectives that a project needs to achieve. When a project is
established, a team is put in place and tasked with the
responsibility of achieving specific objectives (Price, 2011). It
is important for the team leader to come up with a statement of
objectives that defines what exactly the project team should
achieve. A project charter is always used as a means of
providing a direction that the project team should follow. By
defining the project objectives, the team members are better
positioned with respect to what exactly they need to do as a
team.
Charter Elements
For a project charter to be successfully executed, it is important
for various elements to the present to make sure everything runs
smoothly according to the plan. It should be kept in mind that
the charter elements for each project depend on the specific

objectives that the project team needs to achieve. This ensures
that there is a sense of relevance in terms of handling the
objectives. In this case, the following are the most important
charter elements as per the project team.
For a project charter to be achieved, resources must be
available. In this case, the product team looks forward to
centralizing human resource services and this implies that it is
some form of investment. It will require different resources
such as financial resources as well as other forms of resources.
For a project team to successfully achieve its objectives, there
must be relevant resources that will enable various processes
and operations to be conducted in the right manner (Price,
2011).
Stakeholders also play a central role with respect to fulfilling
the project charter (Price, 2011). It is important to keep in mind
that for a project to be successfully conducted, different
personnel is required to handle various duties and
responsibilities. In other words, stakeholders are needed in
different capacities. The project leader should ensure that each
stakeholder is assigned to their specific roles to make sure the
delivery is as expected. With the right stick orders in place,
there is a higher probability of achieving the project charter.
Among the most important charter elements are the team
operation principles. As stated earlier, stakeholders are needed

to deliver the objectives of a project. This implies that guiding
principles need to be in place so as to govern the manner in
which operations are conducted (Freeman, 2010). It is important
to have such principles because they provide a specific direction
which defines what each stakeholder in the team should do. For
the interest of achieving the best results, each stakeholder in the
project team is expected to follow the team operation principles.
Statement of emphasis
Each member of the project team should effectively and
efficiently carry out their personal duties and responsibilities to
make sure the project is delivered as expected. Members should
also be team players so that their efforts are put together
towards the interest of the team in general. The success of the
project depends on the individual efforts of each member of the
team. Dedication and commitment are required from all
stakeholders taking any part in ensuring the project is delivered.
References
Abraham, S. (2012). Strategic Planning: A Practical Guide to
Competitive Success. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
Freeman, E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder
Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Price, A. (2011). Human Resource Management. London:

Cengage Brain.
Assignment 2
Project Management
Oftentimes, different business organizations start new projects

as part of the business with certain objectives to be achieved.
Project management entails planning, organizing and managing
the efforts of everyone so as to successfully accomplish a given
project. Project management is usually a one-time activity
which produces a specific result. It involves developing a
project plan that defines and confirms the objectives and goals
of a project and how they will be achieved (Kerzner & Kerzner,
2017). Equally, project management involves the identification
of tasks and the quantification of resources needed to complete
the project. The success of any project depends on the
effectiveness of the project managers and the powers he has to
lead others in achieving the objectives of a project. However,
project management is not a walk in the park because there are
numerous challenges to be overcome. This paper provides a
comprehensive view of project management.
There are several powers that a project manager may possess in
order to successfully manage a given project. They include but
not limited to formal or legitimate powers and expert powers.
The legitimate powers are the powers that one gets on the basis
of his or her position as a project manager. In other words, they
are powers derived from a formal position or office held by a
project manager in the organization. On the other hand, expert
powers are powers derived from being a technocrat or being a
project management expert. The mentioned powers are
important and relevant in the management of the author’s

current project for various reasons (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017).
For instance, legitimate powers give one an absolute control
over the team members. In other words, it grants one a formal
authority to lead others. Elsewhere, the expert power is
important because it will grant the author a robust power base to
manage and lead others with confidence. Furthermore, this
power enables one to make recommendations based on his or
her expertise and the followers will be persuaded to follow the
recommendations without being coerced.
There are several possible issues that may arise from managing
projects. They include but not limited to accountability,
conflicts of interest, workplace culture and health and safety.
Oftentimes, as projects emerge, more ethical issues arise that
are often overlooked at the detriment of the project. As a
project gets bigger, more opportunities arise for team members
including the project manager to compromise their ethics in a
bid to bring the project to timely completion that falls within
the budget (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017). Therefore, it must be
appreciated that when the project manager and all the key
stakeholders turn a blind eye on any questionable activities
associated with the project, disastrous effects are more likely to
arise. This may lead to criminal charges as it has been seen in
many business organizations. For this reason and many others,
it is important that when managing a project, one must not
overlook such issues as accountability, conflicts of interest,

workplace culture and health and safety.
Oftentimes, when things go wrong while executing a particular
project, everyone tries to avoid the consequences while placing
the blame on others. This damage the reputation of the project
while creating additional issues in the project when the real
causes of problems are concealed. Therefore, it is necessary that
everyone in the project owns his or her own mistakes and avoid
shifting the blame on others. Equally, accountability must be
upheld by everyone at all times and at all costs. However, in
order to solve this issue, it is important that the project manager
encourages everyone to own mistakes and educate everyone not
to shift blames when they occur and instead be personally
responsible and handle problems when they occur without
running away from them.
More often than not, conflicts of interest arise during project
management and this may derail the successful completion of
the project. Oftentimes, when projects are too large to
accommodate large numbers of people, ample opportunities
present themselves for stakeholders in the project to give
preferences that are inappropriate to some people or companies
that are associated with some stakeholders (Larson & Gray,
2015). Conflicts of interest work against the success of the
project because some resources will be inappropriately
allocated, and this can cause the project to run out of funds.
Therefore, in order to solve this issue, it is important that the

project manager makes it a requirement that everyone in the
project declares his personal interest to avoid serving two
masters. Equally, the project manager may require all the
members as well as other stakeholders to understand the
standards set by the organization with regards to vendor
selection.
It is imperative to appreciate the fact that every business
organization has put in place workplace culture that promotes
an environment that fosters respect and inclusivity than it was a
few decades ago. However, there is no organization that has
perfected its workplace culture, and this may prove to be the
worst undoing in the success of organizational projects. Some
team members may not be willing to work with other team
members from other countries and this may work against
cultural diversity that is needed to attain a competitive
advantage. Therefore, it is necessary that every project manager
familiarizes himself with the organization’s code of conduct and
ensure that every team member and contractors understand what
is required of them to ensure the success of the project. This is
especially necessary if the project is comprised of members
from different countries where one culture may not be
acceptable to other team members.
More often than not, when the stakes are high and there is more
pressure to get things done, health and safety standards are
ignored by key stakeholders in a project. In some cases, the

stakeholders conceal issues that are likely to threaten the health
and safety of team members or the public at large. These issues
are likely to arise in companies that undertake construction
projects, manufacturing or mining. Therefore, in order to avoid
the occurrence of this issue, the project manager should
encourage everyone to uphold the safety standards established
by the company in order to ensure safe disposal of harmful
substances.
.
There are several increased challenges that a project manager
may face when leading virtual or global project teams. They
include but not limited to geographically dispersed teams that
come with challenges such as language barriers and different
time zones. In order to deal with this challenge, it is important
that project managers employ centralized project management
software that will keep everyone updated with the latest
development project and in a language that is understood
(Binder, 2016). This software will enable the project manager to
send information as quickly as possible. Another challenge
facing virtual project managers is insufficient team skills. As
members are drawn from across the world, it is likely that some
members’ skills will not match the job requirements. Equally, if
some team members are not trained well, they may not be able
to meet the challenges or perform the assigned tasks. In addition
to this, some projects may equally demand certain levels of

skills or expertise. Therefore, in order to avoid this challenge,
all project managers must document the core skills that are
needed to perform different tasks. Similarly, they may need to
train the existing team members in order to enhance their skills.
The most challenging aspect of running a project is project
communication. Therefore, as a project manager, it is good to
have an effective project communication plan that will keep all
the key stakeholders can be updated and potential issues that
may arise in the project can be circumvented. Therefore, as a
project manager, my overall communication plan will contain
the structure, purpose, method or channel, and timing or the
frequency. The structure is comprised of who and how the
communication is done. It can either be oral, written or follow
the line of command. In this case, my communication plan will
follow a written communication structure where everything will
be written down so that it can be used for future reference
(Binder, 2016). The purpose of communication will be to inform
all the key stakeholders about the progress of the project as well
as create a two-way flow of information so that the objectives
of the project can be accomplished. The method or channel of
communication will be publications such as newsletters or
meetings where everyone is encouraged to participate. Finally,
the timing or the frequency of communication will be on a
weekly basis where all the team members will converge to
deliberate on the way forward of the project.

Reference
Binder, J. (2016). Global project management: communication,
collaboration, and management across borders. Routledge.
Kerzner, H., & Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a
systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John
Wiley & Sons.
Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2015). A Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK (®) Guide. Project
Management Institute.

Assignment 3
The business world has evolved greatly over the years and it is
a mandate that every organization and business to ensure that it
is able to keep up and adopt the changes. Some of the key
changes that have taken place in the business world include
globalization, increased competition, new legislation, security
needs, and technological innovations. One of the key steps that
organizations have done to ensure that they effectively and
efficiently realize the necessary changes in the business world
is through carrying out projects. Projects are considered to be a
temporary endeavor that is expected to create a specific result
in the organization. The success of an organization is defined by
the successful projects that it has undertaken. These projects
may involve adopting new technologies or even skills and
knowledge among employees. The success of a project is mostly
attributed to how well it managed. Project management is a
crucial process and involves planning, executing, controlling

and closing a project. Project management is described as the
application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
foresee the success of a project and meet the project
requirements (Burke, 2013). There is a high demand for
professionals with project management skills and most
organizations have gone a step further on training their
employees on project management skills. they are ensuring that
the new employees being recruited possess at least knowledge
and skills in the project management. This shows the
significance of a project manager when undertaking a project.
Organizations that have undertaken successful projects are
deemed to be successful.
Scope and Scheduling
The initial stages of a project are very important to ensure that
the project runs smoothly and to determine the accomplishment
of the project. The project manager has to come up with a team
that will help in the implementation of the project and assigns
them different tasks. He/she has first to understand the different
needs and outcomes of the project before rolling out the
activities to the team. This stage is defined as the project scope.
The scope involves gathering information that is needed to roll
out a project. The scope can be used in two different ways when
it comes to project management. It can be used to define the
project and product scope. Project scope is more of work-
oriented while product scope is more of functional

requirements. Scope plays a huge role in project management as
a lack of properly defining and describing the requirements
causes a lack of effective change control in the project. Under
scope management, the project manager is able to list down all
the items that are to be produced and the activities that are to be
carried out. These tasks are to be within the quantity, quality,
and variety, within the time agreed on and the resources
available. It is crucial for the project manager to prioritize the
activities so as to be able to plan and assign resource
successfully. Through the scope, the project is also able to
manage the demands of the stakeholders involved.
The next step after carrying out a project scope is scheduling
the activities of the project. Project scheduling involves listing
out the goals, activities, and deliverables of the project based on
the start and end dates of the project. Project scheduling works
along well with a work breakdown structure program. A project
is usually broken down into various small tasks. These tasks
need to completed according to the timeline of the project and
according to the resources available. They also need to be
distributed evenly among the different project team members
and what is expected from each member. Project schedules are
always updated regularly to help attain a better insight of the
current status of the project. There a different project schedule
for every project as each project is unique and the needs and
goals of one are different from another.

Behavioral Skills
Resources are considered to be one of the driving forces for the
completion and success of a project. Resources in a project may
include funding, people, equipment, and facilities. Resources
may run out during the implementation of a project. Resources
such as funds when projected well may finish causing the
project to stall or even end when it is not complete. Resource
planning, optimization, and availability are considered to be
imperative for the completion of a project. Through resource
planning, the project manager can identify the necessary
resources to complete a successful project. Resources need to be
flexible and be to adjust to the changes that occur in the project
when project schedule changes.
There are various behavioral skills that each project manager
should possess when it comes to project resourcing. One of the
most crucial behavioral skill for every project manager when it
comes to resource planning is selecting the right people. It is
important for the manager to select people that are qualified and
skilled depending on the different tasks in the project. Most
scholars define this as the right people, the right project. The
success of the project is mostly determined by the project team,
whether they have the right skills and talents to implement the
project. It is important for the project manager to possess skills
in dealing with difficult work schedules. Dealing with difficult
individual work schedules is important as it can affect the

productivity, morale, and progress of other team members in the
project. It is important for the project manager to clarify the
different expectations that he/she has on the team members to
ensure that there are no difficulties in the implementation of the
project. It is essential for the project manager to be able to
make honest and open estimates of the amount of work required.
This will minimize conflicts and errors within the project. The
project manager needs also to possess skills in dealing with
people from different backgrounds. The stakeholders and
project teams are composed of members from different
backgrounds. It is essential for the project manager to possess
the necessary skills to interact and understand the needs of
people from different backgrounds.
Budget Estimation
The most difficult task in project management is creating an
accurate budget. Most projects fail due to a lack of proper
planning and estimation of the potential costs within a project
budget. There are several factors that one needs to consider
when determining a budget associated with the project costs. it
is important to divide the costs into direct and indirect costs.
Direct costs may include the expenses on the wages of the team
members, cost of the resources and expenses on the specific
risks on the project (Turner, 2014). Indirect costs cannot be
easily estimated and include expenses on security costs, and
quality control. Costs are aggregated by summing the costs for

the individual work package to control the financial account up
to the project level. Cost aggregation is beneficial during
project management as enables the management team to have a
view of scheduled spending for every time period. It is
important for a project manager to be able to predict and
determine the cash flow of separate activities in a project. This
can be done through by predicting the various internal and
external factors that have an influence on the costs incurred in
the process. Determining the initial cash outlay is important to
determine the cash inflows and outflows of each activity in the
project.
Project Risks
In every project, there are risks incurred during the
implementation process and it is important for the project team
to be able to identify the risks and come up with strategies that
will help manage the risks. Risks can cause a project to stop or
stall. It is a difficult task for most project managers to identify
project risks. There are various ways in which one can be able
to identify the risks in a project. It is important to identify the
risks that have a huge impact on the project. One of the
techniques that the project manager can use to identify project
risks is by use of a work breakdown structure. This structure
breaks the project into different tasks and determines the risks
at different levels. Another technique is brainwriting and
brainstorming to help identify the different risks associated with

the project team members. this will involve communicating with
the team members. another technique of identifying risks is the
use of scope documentation. This helps to identify the poorly
defined requirements, time and budget that can cause risks on
the project.
References
Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control
techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Turner, J. R. (2014). Handbook of project-based
management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill.
Price, A. (2011). Human Resource Management. London:
Cengage Brain.

Assignment 4
Project management leaders need to have important information
that is required for effective management of projects. Having
realistic and actionable plans contributes to a high level of
organizing and directing activities based on proper knowledge
on human resource and project management related modalities.
Quality project management is anchored on decision making.
Indeed, decision making is vital at all the critical phases of a
project. However, after the all the goals of a project have been
met in relation to management of activities and human
resources, proper decision making is essential in determining
the most effective ways of handling the final phase or closing
out on a successful project (Meredith & Mantel Jr. 2011). More
significantly, it is important that project managers have a

complete understanding of what t means to manage and direct a
project work as well as strategies for overcoming risks
identified in the course of a project. Moreover, the specific
actions that project managers need to take when closing out a
project. This paper explores these crucial project management
areas with regard to the importance of ideal project management
strategies in control and directing of activities n addition to
proper methods of closing out projects.
To successfully manage and direct a project means that
activities at every project phase are coordinated effectively and
goals relating to effectiveness of the service of product being
created are met and satisfaction of customers are met. Projects
are carried out in phases so that resources are utilized in a
manner that assures a quality deliverable (Davies & Brady,
2016). Essentially, project managers are accountable for
accomplishments and risks in every stage of project life cycle.
Overall, a successfully managed and directed project implies
that all project goals pertaining to utilization of resources,
execution of project activities, and satisfaction of stakeholders
and customers from inception to closure of a project work are
met.
Further, success of any project depends on the use of the most
appropriate strategies for managing and sustaining a project. As
regards the Human resource project, some of the mechanisms
that can guarantee successful progress of the project include the

ones discussed as follows. First, it is important to create a
sustainability strategy, which is in line with the goals that the
organization expects to achieve through the project. Prior to
this, the project management team ought to conduct
sustainability scan on the project in order to establish available
opportunities for improvement and to measure the progress of
the project once sustainability program is initiated and is
efficiently ongoing. One of the factors to consider when
initiating a sustainability program is to determine the impact of
the program on the organization. In addition, cost effectiveness
and labor demands need to be established given that for a
project to progress without facing hurdles, any initiatives aimed
at sustaining it must not involve costs that can affect the main
project activities (Davies & Brady, 2016). Second, developing
sustainability standards that comply with human resource
practices are imperative. Sustainability standards are used as
parameters for knowing when goals of a sustainability initiative
have been achieved. This is a continuous process and the
standards can be adjusted based on project phase and the stage
the project is in with regard to project life cycle. The final
strategy is to engage partners in the sustainability program.
While ensuring project progress and sustainability mostly
involves internal changes, partners have a key role to play given
that their contributions relating to supplies and finance need to
meet promote the program. The prerequisite for convincing

partners to engage in sustainability program is to create a
comprehensive sustainability plan that can win their support for
the initiative for ensuring progress and sustainability of the
project.
Certainly, a significant amount of risks are normally
encountered in the course of a project at all phases within the
entire project life cycle. It is thus important to put measures in
place aimed at identifying such risks and instituting techniques
mitigating the risks. Indeed, controlling a project entails
conducting proper planning, monitoring and managing processes
relating to deadlines and their impact on cost of a project.
Fundamentally, analysis of processes and results as well as
evaluating estimates so as to accomplish agreed objectives and
targets is vital in a bid to come up with strategies with
measurable outcomes (Kendrick, 2015). This therefore means
that project goals should be aligned with corporate strategies.
Furthermore, data information relating to cost, strategies among
others and their connection with success factors ought to be
established. In specific, some of the strategies for ensuring
proper project controls are highlighted as follows.
To begin with, close monitoring and controlling of activity
progress is essential. Tracking project progress helps project
managers to know the position of the project and to obtain
indicators that are essential in projecting the future state of the
project. Taking the initiative to review the journey of the

project is one of the most effective methods of knowing the
progress of the project and to find out the likelihood of the
project being completed in the projected time. Moreover, when
a project manager undertakes a project review, it helps to have
information on the way activities have been conducted and to
determine whether they are being carried out according to
project plan. The next strategy for resolving risks within the
control of the project pertains to working with clients to
prioritize schedule, scope and quality. Normally, customers are
key stakeholders to projects since they are influence success of
the project. Regarding risks, customers test products and
services in every phase so that adjustments are made depending
on the market needs. This helps in avoiding the risk of poor
reception of services or products by users. Indeed, customer
approval is vital progress of the project and ensuring that the
deliverable meets the purpose of the project quality deliverable
(Kendrick, 2015). More significantly, the scope of the project
needs to be indicated so that activities do not overlap, which
may lead to wastage of resources. The final strategy that can be
used to address and control risks within the control of the
project involves active monitoring of project environment.
Monitoring project environment enables project managers to
ensure that quality results are delivered regularly. Consistent
monitoring of project environment is a vital aspect of managing
activities and controlling performances of workers based on

data rather than unverifiable statements. In general, monitoring
project environment helps in streamlining activities.
The manner in which a project is closed determines an
organization or a person’s chances of landing or managing
another project. The future prospect of a company is not only
determined by the way the entire project was undertaken but
also by the conditions revolving around how a current project is
closed. Some of the actions a project can take to ensure that a
project is properly closed out and handed over include tracing
and gathering documents used throughout the project (Meredith
& Mantel, 2011). It is imperative to prevent risks that may arise
when details of involvement of partners, suppliers, customers,
and other stakeholders get into the hands of competitors. As
such, documents that are not important in handing over the
project and those that are not needed for future reference should
be disposed well. Contractors and managers need to ensure that
all critical documents are accessed or collected and verified to
avert complications to close out due to documentation errors.
Another important action that a project manager can take in
preparation for close out relates increasing the contact between
teams by improving communication. This is vital as it builds the
interest in the teams to work with the contractors in future
projects. Project teams should be acquainted with each other
since they interact in varies on-site activities. Establishing high

levels of communication as the project nears to be wound up is
essential for establishing a positive image of the contractor to
the organization that owns the project (Meredith & Mantel,
2011). To sum it up, a project management team needs to
conduct thorough risk assessment in order to uncover factors
that posed a significant threat to the progress and sustainability
of the project. Identification of risks is crucial to coming up
with comprehensive risk mitigation strategies that may form
part of organizational standard hence leading to efficient
management of subsequent projects.
In this text, the author explores various issues pertinent to
existence of the culture of lessons learned in projects. The
author points out that learning during projects is not beneficial
to the project since it affects important determinates of project
success such as collaboration and teamwork. Moreover, the
author highlights that evidence form successful projects show
that learning is embedded in expertise of individual team
members and does not occur outside the real task. Author also
pinpoints the outstanding significance of learning which occurs
naturally in well-managed projects to future projects by stating
that, “ This capture of this learning at each stage builds the
capabilities of those involved and can form a knowledge base to
be used by the team or by others in future stages and future
projects.” This can be when members of different teams are

insightful and readily share the knowledge in which they have
acquired. With regard to errors or normally encountered when
using lessons performance of workers, various organizations
have adopted strategies aimed at preserving key knowledge
gained during projects within their systems. Such records help
companies to avoid repeating the same mistake in project
process. (Kloppenburg 2018)
The project team needs to employ learning strategies that are in
line with human resources best practices. Essentially, the team
needs to avoid focusing on learning as an activity. Instead,
individual team members should share newly gained
perspectives and improve their knowledge capturing abilities as
a way of enhancing the team’s performance. More importantly,
the information can enhance the ability of team members to
embrace the culture of sharing information with managers and
with organization to help in overall improvement of how the
company uses lessons learnt to initiate change in aimed at
alleviating barriers to success of activities. (Kloppenburg 2018)

References
Davies, A., & Brady, T. (2016). Explicating the dynamics of
project capabilities. International Journal of Project
Management, 34(2), 314-327.
Kendrick, T. (2015). Identifying and managing project risk:

essential tools for failure-proofing your project. Amacom.
Meredith, J. R., & Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011). Project management:
a managerial approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Timothy Kloppenburg (2018). Contemporary project
management. Cangage Learning. Boston: United States

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