Operational plan sets out the work to be carried out and the workflow from initial input to end results, including all the resources that will be needed.

1. Operational Planning

2. Operational plan
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Operational plan sets out the work to be carried out and the workflow from
initial input to end results, including all the resources that will be needed.
It also sets out how risks will be dealt with and how the achievements of the
plan will be sustained.
Operational planning is done to support strategic planning efforts.
They’re the action plans, so the strategic plan comes first, quickly followed
by a robust and measurable operating plan.

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Operational plan VS Strategic plan
Operational plan
The means by which different parts of the
organization will use their resources to
achieve the strategic objectives
looks at what you will work on for the near
future—usually the upcoming year
Detailed outline of the tasks each employee
will need to carry out to accomplish the goals
laid out in the strategic plan
Department-focused
Strategic plan
overview of an organization’s objectives and
the methods of achieving those objectives
Looks at long-term goals three to five years
into the future
Outlines the company’s mission, vision, and
high-level goals
Concentrates on organization-wide goals
The relationship between strategic
and operational plans is sometimes
referred to as ‘alignment’, and one
of the most important criteria for
success in implementing
operational plans is the degree of
alignment with strategy.

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Types of operational plans
Single-use
plan
•Is an operational plan relates to a one-time project or event.
•The most common types are budgets and project schedules.
•The obvious advantage of a single-use plan is that it can be very specific in
how it addresses the needs of a particular situation.
Standing
plan
•Is an operational plan that’s designed to be used again and again.
•Examples include policies, procedures, and regulations.
•The advantage of standing plans is that they foster unity and fairness
within an organization and help to support stated organizational values.
•Standing plans also save time because managers know in advance how to
address common situations.

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Types of operational plans – standing plans
Policies Provide broad guidelines for the smooth operation of the organization.
They cover things like hiring and firing, performance appraisals, promotions, and discipline.
For example, a company may have a policy hat prohibits personal cell phone use in
manufacturing areas.
Procedures Steps to be followed in established and repeated operations. It should reflect the policies of
the company.
For example, the organization may establish procedures for what to do in cases of
emergencies, such as a fire.
Regulations Refer to what is allowable and what is strictly prohibited in an organization.
It is a kind of rule that addresses general situations.

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Key components of an operational plan
SMART
objectives
Activities to be
delivered
Quality
standards
key
performance
indicators
Risk
management
plan
Staffing and
resource
requirements
budget
Implementation
timeline
A process for
monitoring
progress

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Planning tools and techniques
There are a number of planning tools and techniques that may be used in the
operational planning process, including:
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
GANTT charts
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

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Planning tools and techniques - PERT
• PERT is a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project,
especially the time needed to complete each task and identifying the minimum time
required to complete the total project.
• The PERT chart is used to estimate the minimum amount of time that will be needed to
close a project.
• This is done by examining the breakdown of the project, estimating the duration of
each activity, the dependencies between them and the order in which they must be
completed.
• PERT relies on the weighted average of three numbers that are based on (POM)
estimates for the project’s length
The most
pessimistic
P The most
optimistic
O The most
likely
M
• It uses arrows to show the tasks needed to reach an event, which are symbolized by
nodes. A node represents a completed project phase.
• Critical Path: is the longest possible path from the starting milestone to the finishing
milestone. Following this path shows you the amount of time the entire project will
take. Any delay that occurs along the critical path means a delay for the entire project.

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Planning tools and techniques - GANTT
• A Gantt chart is a bar chart that tracks tasks across time
• It shows where tasks overlap, and where some team
members will wait for new work while others complete
a step, which can help prevent inefficiencies.
Determine
tasks and
subtasks
Identify
tasks
connections
Create a
timeline.
Order tasks
Use a
template
Assign tasks.
Chart
progress
How to build a Gantt chart

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Planning tools and techniques - Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• WBS is a hierarchical list of the tasks necessary to complete a
project - from the most general components to detailed
subcomponents.
• At the top is the final product with a line that goes down the page
to a box (or boxes) that represent the larger tasks which lead to that
completed project. Each of these boxes are then attached with lines
that go under it to smaller tasks.
Types of WBS
•Define and structure project activities based on the
project phases.
Phase-based structures
•Define and structure project activities based on the
deliverables agreed to deliver
Deliverable-based
structures
•Define and structure project activities based on the
organization units that will work on the project
Responsibility-based
structure

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The operations manual will contain the
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franchisees will operate the business.
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