The Past Perfect

1. The Past Perfect
By : Ghada Elfauomy

2. It’s used to express an action that happened before another
action in the past .
after / before / as soon as / when / till / until
Had + pp

3. After, till , until , As soon as + had +pp , past
simple
Before
By the time + past simple + had +pp
When +had+pp +past simple

4. Examples :
After he had left the office , he returned home .
He refused to go until he had seen the papers .
I had finished my work before my friends arrived .
 If there is no a subject after ( before , after ) the verb will be with
(ing). ( )
Example :
After I had read the text , I answered the question .
It will be :
After reading the text , I answered the question .

5. Example :
No sooner had he negotiated then he signed the contract.
No sooner + had + subject + pp …… than …… subject + past
simple
Hardly , scarcely + pp …… when + subject + past simple
Immediately on + v + ing ….. , subject + past simple