2. • Aliens SPP. moved to new habitats for various reasons e.g. ornamental
• Escape their predators and be able to out-compete the indigenous species
• Results = invasion where each individual produces massive numbers of
offspring that themselves live to reproduce.
3. Characteristics of aliens and invasive spp.
Vehicles as vectors for the spread of famine
weed in Ethiopia is obvious from the
distribution and road network.
• Easily spread by wind, its seeds are spread in car tyres and grills, by animals, by our clothing, etc.
• Establishing rapidly in new habitats, and especially in degraded areas.
• Reproduce quickly.
• it inhibits the growth of other plants through allelopathy (chemical secretions),
• Some can grow high, and produce tens of thousands of seeds per year.
• Can survive for long period e.g. famine weed seed are viable for over 50 years.
4. Characteristics of Aliens and invasive spp. cont
• Can course allergic reactions in humans. Poisonous to human and animals
• Destroy the reproductive potential of land for grazing
• Utilize lot of water
5. NEM:BA Regulation
• Section 70 of the NEM:BA states that, the Minister must publish by notice in
Gazette a national list of invasive spp.
• The NEM:BA Alien and Invasive Species Regulations and its associated
invasive species lists was published on 1 August 2014 and in forced on 01
October 2014.
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6. Categories of Listed Invasive Species
Category 1a Listed Invasive Species (Kangaroo thorn, Carolina)
Take immediate steps to combat or eradicate listed invasive species.
Category 1b Listed Invasive Species (Jacaranda, Morning Glory, most wattles)
Control the listed invasive species.
Comply with any Invasive Species Management Programme.
Category 2 Listed Invasive Species
Require a Permit to carry out a restricted activity within specified area.
Must ensure that the specimens of the species do not spread outside of the land or the
area specified in the Notice or Permit.
Specimens that occur outside the Permitted area or conditions are then Category 1b
species.
Category 3 Listed Invasive Species
Subject to exemptions and prohibitions, as specified in the Notice.
Any Category 3 plant specimen in riparian areas is to be a Category 1b species.
Comply with any Invasive Species Management Programme.
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7. Duty of Care with regard to AIS
• Person authorised to conduct restricted activities
• Notify relevant competent authority of AIS occurring
• Take steps to control and eradicate
• Take all steps to prevent or minimise harm to biodiversity
• Regulation 29 of AIS provide for a seller of immovable property to notify the
purchaser in writing of presence of listed invasive spp.
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8. Competent authority
Direct a person who failed to comply to take steps necessary to remedy any
harm to biodiversity
Failure to comply may result in:
-implementing the directive by competent Authority
-recover all costs incurred during implementation of directive by competent
authority
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10. Who should ask for Competent Authority to
issue a directive
• Any person may request competent authority to issue a directive
• Competent authority must respond in writing within 30 days
• After 30 days of no response apply to court for order or directing competent
authority to issue directive
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11. Control and eradication
• Appropriate methods
• Executed with caution & manner to minimise harm to biodiversity
• Control methods should be directed to all stages of growth eg. Off springs,
propagation material
• The minister must ensure coordination and implementation programme
• The minister may establish an entity consisting of public servant to coordinate
such programme
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