The document summarizes neonicotinoids, a class of insecticides chemically similar to nicotine. Neonicotinoids were introduced in the 1990s to replace older chemicals and are systemic, meaning they are absorbed by plants and spread throughout tissues. There are seven main types which work by blocking neuron receptors in insects. While less harmful to mammals, they are highly toxic to insects and bees. Recent research has found they may contribute to declining bee and butterfly populations through low-level contamination of pollen and nectar. If evidence grows of harm to beneficial insects, the EPA may cancel approval of some neonicotinoids.

1. Neonicotinoid

2. Historical Background
Neonicotinoides were introduced in the
1990s as a replacement for older , more
damaging chemicals .
They are a systemic insecticide , meaning
that they are absorbed into every cell in a
plant and making all parts poisonous to
pests .

3. Lets Define it -
•Neonicotinoides are a new class of insecticides
chemically related to nicotine .
•The name literally means “ new nicotine-like
insecticide “.
•Like nicotine it can act on
Certain kinds of receptors in
the nervous system.

4. Types -
So far 7 types have been found out –
Acetamiprid
Clothianidin
Dinotefuran
Imidacloprid
Nitenpyram
Thiacloprid
Thiamethoxam

5. How does it work
• As it is a systemic insecticide so it is absorbed into all cells of
plant and makes it toxic . Whenever a insect eats part of the
plant then the insecticide moves to the nervous system and
blocks specific neuron .
• They are found to be less harmful to warm blooded animals
but are highly toxic to insect pests as well as beneficial
insects like bees .
• The EPA classifies neonicotinoides as both toxicity class – II
and class- III agents .

6. Environmental concern
• Initially they were praised for their low toxicity to many beneficial
insects including bees .
• However recently this claim has come into question
• New research points to potential toxicity to bees and other beneficial
insects through low level contamination of nectar and pollen with
neonicotinoid insecticide used in agriculture .
• Researchers from university of Nevada tracked 67 butterfly species at
4 locations over 20 years . At each site , declines in the number of
butterfly were most closely related to increased use of
neonicotinoides than that of any other factor like land development .

7. Effect of using Neonicotinoid

8. Is it likely Neonitonoides will be banned ?
• After a substance has been approved for use , EPA continues
to monitor international development and latest available
research to keep up to date .
• If there comes a number of evidences
of causing damage to beneficials then
there is always a chance that EPA
cancels the approval for using
certain insecticide like neonicotinoid .

9. That’s all about
Neonicotinoides

10. Thanks to you all
And