This document contains questions about biological and environmental factors that influence criminal behavior. It asks about behavior genetics and adoption studies on the interaction between heredity and environment. It also defines concepts like concordance, plasticity, serotonin and executive function. The document discusses twin research and the importance of shared environment. It further examines temperament and the development of antisocial behavior. Additional questions cover theories of criminal behavior acquisition, situational factors, physiological factors associated with aggression and gender differences in aggression.

1. ORIGINS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS
1. Briefly describe behavior genetics and how it differs from
molecular genetics.
2. Summarize the findings of adoption studies on the interaction
between heredity and environment.
3. Define and explain the significance of the following
concepts: concordance, plasticity, serotonin, executive function.
4. In twin research, what is meant by the term “shared
environment” and why is it important in genetic research on
crime?
5. Explain how temperament plays a role in the development of
antisocial behavior.
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1. Describe the process of operant conditioning and give an
example of how criminal behavior is acquired.
2. Explain the difference between differential association theory
and differential association-reinforcement theory.
3. What is “frustration-induced criminality”? Provide an
illustration.
4. Describe and discuss the situational factors that can influence
criminal behavior. In addition to those mentioned in the chapter,
what others might be identified?
5. What is meant by crimes of obedience? Give examples.
1. What physiological factors have been associated with
aggression?
2. What accounts for gender differences in aggression? Include
relevant research findings in your answer.
3. Define weapons effect and discuss how it may account for
some of the violence in today’s society.

2. 4. Define hostile attribution bias and discuss how it might
explain chronic aggression in young children.
5. Explain each of the following: Overt aggression: Covert
aggression: Reactive aggression Proactive aggression: