This document discusses analog and digital signals, periodic and aperiodic signals, and how signals are transformed into information that can be transmitted. It also covers transmission impairments like attenuation, distortion, and noise that can impact signals. Finally, it discusses data rate limits and factors like available bandwidth, signal levels, and channel noise that determine maximum transmission speeds, as well as performance metrics for communication networks like bandwidth, throughput, latency, and jitter.

1. DATA AND SIGNALS
CHAPTER 3
• Analog and digital
• Aperiodic and periodic signals
• Analog signals
• Digital Signals
• Transmission Impairment
• Data Rate Limits
• Performance

2. Transformation of Information
to Signals

3. Analog and Digital Clocks

4. Analog and Digital Signals

5. Periodic Signals

6. Aperiodic Signals

7. Sine Wave

8. Phases

9. Amplitude Change

10. Frequency Change

11. Phase Change

12. Time and Frequency Domain

13. Examples

14. Complex Waveform
(Composite)

15. Bandwidth

16. Digital Signal

17. Amplitude, Period, and Phase
for a Digital Signal

18. Bit Rate and Bit Interval

19. Bandwidth and Data Rate

20. Transmission Impairment
• Attenuation
• Distortion
• Noise

21. Transmission Impairment
• Attenuation
– the reduction of the amplitude of a signal,
electric current, or other oscillation.

22. Transmission Impairment
• Distortion
– distortion can be defined as any alteration
in the waveform of an audio signal

23. Transmission Impairment
• Noise
– In signal processing, noise is a general term for unwanted
(and, in general, unknown) modifications that a signal may
suffer during capture, storage, transmission, processing, or
conversion.

24. Data Rate Limits
• How fast we can send data in bits per
second over a channel.
• Depends on 3 factors
– Available bandwidth
– Levels of signal we use
– Quality of channel (level of noise)

25. Data Rate Limits

26. Data Rate Limits

27. Performance
• Network-how good is it?
• Related terms
– Bandwidth
– Throughput
– Latency (Delay)
– Bandwidth – Delay Product
– Jitter