The document provides instructions for the final project in an English composition course. Students must compile a portfolio demonstrating they have met the course outcomes and include an executive summary. The summary should introduce the topic of writing, explain what the student has learned about writing through the course, and assert they have met the outcomes. Sections are required for each outcome with evidence from the portfolio. The conclusion should reflect on progress and areas for further learning. The portfolio must include a revised major project and can contain other works. The outcomes focus on understanding writing differently, the social and genre aspects of writing, reading rhetorical situations, reflection, and writing processes.

1. Ahmed Almajed
Eng. 101
October 9,, 2015
Genres are more than just recognizable types of texts. They give
the meaning to the work that is being documented and present
the wide picture of its usability. The knowledge of genres is
appropriate in establishing an applicable system to a particular
situation that the writer wishes to address. Genres assist in
establishing the basis of modifying a text or a document to be
aligned with the writer's system intentions.
Genres are constructs of the mind about the social activity.
They facilitate and mediate social activity through such ways as
the appreciation of a particularly social activity, for example,
athletics an individual is in a position to recognize the
particular social activity. That is, how the activity is giving
meaning and the message it carries towards the individual and
the society in general.
Also, it has been identified that a genre can become an
obstacle to the very activities they emerged to facilitate and
meditate if there is a divergence in various ways. There is the
distorting of the original message as it is being passed along. It
could also be through varying aspects s of understanding and
concept interpretation.
Genres symbolize the values and beliefs in the following way. It
is evident in various ways such through the way in which the
user formulates the message. The identification of ideas through
the genre that is in line with the document or text being
analyzed means to signify the values and beliefs of the original
writer. Comment by J Whicker: I think you are definitely
understanding some of these difficult concepts well. I would
like to see you practice using quotes from the readings.

2. Explanation of Key terms
A social fact is a reality that is acceptable and observable in the
society.
Speech act entails the intent and the performance of a speech or
insinuation of directives.
Felicity condition is whereby one expresses his or her opinions
regarding a certain situation.
Locutionary act means the performance of a speech that is not
complete.
An illocutionary act is used to refer to a complete speech
including such aspects as references to the ideas and concepts in
the speech.
The perlocutionary effect can be explained as the actual effect
that could be carried out intentionally or unintentionally.
Typification is a process of establishing or constructing socially
acceptable assumptions.
Genres could be explained as constructs, conventions or
attributes towards a text
Genres sets could be explained as the collection of various
types of texts that are likely to be performed by an individual in
the course of fulfilling.
A genre system is a collection of more than one genre sets about
documents produced by some people.
The system of activity entails the combination of various
activities at different levels of the documents production.
There are such genres that I enact while writing. In my case, it
involves the arrangement of words. The correct words, tenses
and the area they are applied. The correct words would mean a
good flow of the sentences and then the paragraphs in a
document. Therefore, in my opinion, the genre is an inseparable
aspect of the text and document analysis.

3. Illegal migrants
Ahmed Almajed
Eng. 101
November 5th, 2015
Illegal migration refers to the act of crossing the borders to get
into another country either without the proper documents that
are needed or staying there longer than what the document
states. It violates the laws of the country in which an immigrant
is staying. It is for this purpose as to why most of the
governments all over the world have ensured that they pass laws
to ensure that the process of illegal immigration into the said
countries are hindered at all costs. Also, the people who are
found to have violated the immigration rules need to be taken to
the court of laws and charged with the crime that they have
committed. Comment by J Whicker: Is this what you are
arguing or what the laws do? What do other people say about
the issue?

4. I then need to know what you will argue here.
It is against the laws of any given country for an immigrant to
get into the land and enjoy the privileges that are found in the
country without proper authorization from the government of
the country. However, as much as most of the administrations
all over the world are against the issue of illegal immigration,
there are certain exceptional cases that the governments need to
take into account before charging the people who have violated
the immigration rules.
To begin with, most of the people who get into the countries
illegal do so because of the harsh economic conditions in their
native countries. For instance, in the United States, more than a
half of the illegal migrants cross the border from Mexico. These
are the Mexicans who have flown from their country because of
the harsh economic conditions there that have been brought
about by poor leadership and the excessive selling of illegal
drugs. Comment by J Whicker: many aren't from Mexico but
countries further south who have traveled through Mexico.
Comment by J Whicker: fled
The living standards in the country are so high yet there are no
job opportunities on offer for the innocent Mexican citizens.
Contrary to the situation in their country, there are numerous
job opportunities that are on offer in the neighboring country of
the United States. It is for this sole purpose as to why the
people cross the border and get into the United States in pursuit
of jobs to help them cater for their needs in the society. They
have a noble course for crossing the borders as they are only
looking for the source of their livelihood. It would be harsh for
the government of the United States to punish such people for
violating the immigration rules. It is because the kind of jobs
that they perform is very legal and only contributes to the
development of the American economy (Schrover, 2008).
Comment by J Whicker: I need to know who Schrover is,
and what part of this paragraph was her/his ideas. I need you to
use phrases like "According to Schrover..." though it is better
with a complete name and an explanation of why they have

5. authority.
It is prudent for the migration officials to acknowledge that at
the time of these people’s migration into the country, they did
not have enough penny to be in a position to access the visas to
make them legal citizens or migrants of the United States.
However, after undertaking the duties and getting enough
money to process the transport documents, this category of
people need to do so to stay out of trouble from the immigration
officers in the United States. It is the entitlement of the
administration to not only consider the violation of the
immigration rules when it comes to the issue of dealing with
illegal migrants but also to consider the violation of the human
rights aspect of the move. Comment by J Whicker: what is
the violation of human rights? is it deportation back to their
countries that would violate human rights?
Secondly, some of the people who come into the United States
and fail to get back into their country after the expiry of the
time that was specified in their documents, have genuine
reasons to do so. The failure by the immigration department to
extend the period in which these people would stay in the
country irrespective of the immigrants’ pleas is unacceptable. It
makes the people continue staying in the country despite the
fact that their time of departing the country had passed. Some of
the motives as to why the people opt to become illegal
immigrants into the country are because there is political
instability in their native countries, or the region is unsafe for
their stay with the families. Comment by J Whicker:
expiration
One, in the recent years there has been political instability in
most countries all over the world. Some of the countries that
have witnessed political instability include Egypt, Libya, Syria,
and Afghanistan among other nations. When there are political
instability and the country’s economy is not performing well, it
becomes difficult for the people to process their visas and start
a journey to get back into those regions. The decision is one
that is very rare for an individual to make regarding the state of

6. the nation that he or she is expected to get back to (Haines,
1999).
It is for this purpose as to why most of the people who are
currently rendered illegal migrants have opted to stay in the
United States until the situation back in their country gets under
control. Failure by the immigration department to listen to the
pleas of the affected citizens of the countries with unstable
political processes has been instrumental in the increase in the
number of illegal immigrants in the country over the recent
past.
At times, the native countries are full of wars, and it becomes
unsafe for the migrants to get back into their respective
countries after the expiry of the period of their stay in the
United States. People fear that when they get back to the war
zones, they will lose not only their lives but also that of their
dear family members. The harsh economic situation that is
normally apparent in the war zones and the lack of job
opportunities there make the people extend the period of their
stay in the host country. There are those who seek to extend the
period of their stay in the country in vain while others just opt
to violate the immigration rules. Those who violate the
immigration rules choose to stay in the country beyond the time
that they had been participated to be in the country. Such
circumstances violate the laws of the country and, therefore,
calls for the arrest of such individuals (Dauvergne, 2008).
Lastly, the newborn babies in the United States also need to be
given the legal documents that will prove that they are citizens
of the United States. It is the responsibility of the parents of the
child to ensure that they follow the laws and make the right
move of searching for the proper documents for the child.
Failure to do so will jeopardize the chances of the child growing
as a law abiding American citizen
In conclusion, every country has the immigration rules that the
immigrants need to follow when they get into these countries. It
is the obligation of the immigrants to ensure that they follow
the rules and abide by them so as to make their stay in the

7. United States legal. However, the immigration officers also
need to listen to the pleas of the illegal immigrants who get into
the country and provide them with the legal documents or
extend their stay in the country. The reasons that the immigrants
give to the immigration officers need to be genuine and if a
possible investigation needs to be conducted so as to ensure that
the fundamental human rights are also not violated. If there are
harsh economic conditions, wars, or political instability in the
native countries and the people have come to seek refuge, and
then it is valid for the immigrants to stay in the country.
Comment by J Whicker: There are some really good things
in this paper. You present many good reasons why the US
should reform immigration to allow people to stay and perhaps
become US citizens.
For this to be better, as a reader, I need 1) a brief summary of
what others have argued both for and against immigration
reform to give people already here a path to staying legally—
with sources and 2) a clear indication of what you will argue
from the beginning. Finally, 3) I need you to introduce your
sources to clearly show me where source ideas begin and end,
so I know what you are summarizing from sources and what you
are saying for yourself.
References
Dauvergne, C. (2008). Making individuals illegal: What

8. globalization means for migration and regulation. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Haines, D. W. (1999). Illegal immigration in America: A
reference handbook. Westport, Conn. ea. Greenwood Press.
Schrover, M. (2008). Illegal migration and sex in a global and
historical viewpoint. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Ahmed Almajed
Eng. 101
October 20th, 2015
Summary
The author encourages people to put emphasize in why things
happen and not what happens for it gives hope and order in the
world. He focuses on rhetorical situations as interacting
influences is very crucial help in composing and understanding
what is written. For Bitzer, situation determines the form of
work. On the other hand, Vatz says rhetors create and answer to
situations. Consigny reconciles Vatz and Bitzers arguments and
concludes that situation is not entirely rhetor- created however
it involves the rhetor’s integrity. He must handle writing with
limited situations for every new work of art as well as use
optional situations for the receptor’s response. Conversely, the
rhetoric involves receptor’s response to conditions and
demands. There are rhetors (before and after the speech),
audiences, discourse, stasis, constraints and exigency matter in
rhetoric. Comment by J Whicker: You should note that these
people are quoted in Grant-Davie
Key terms
Exigence is the motivating force that triggers discourse at the
time of creation like an invitation to places, happenings within
the community, breaking the law and precedent.

9. Discourse is the subject matter, topic and determining an issue
that underlie the rhetoric and stasis of description.
Stasis Theory is the value of the rhetoric or discourse as it
inquires the significance of the speech it may be moral or
situational implications.
Rhetors are those involved in creating the discourse for the
speaker or writers with/without their knowledge. Actors within
the society may be commentators and commissioners.
Audiences are individuals who assemble before the rhetors
discourse physically or imaginatively as readers or listeners.
Constraints are what may block the success of a rhetorical
situation like authority, events, traditions, motives, documents
and law.
Diligence fluency and coherence exist in this essay as driving
values for both Grant-Davie and Spinuzzi’s analysis of rhetoric.
It is important to focus on ecology and rhetorical situation as
the reader or writer because they show sequence and causal
agents in speeches. When creating situations outside of the
classroom, there is need to evaluate rhetoric, audiences because
of their multiple roles in the rhetoric. They also exist in the
three faces of the situation. Additionally, the constraints are
significant determinants of the syntactical convenience of the
rhetoric as opposed to rhetorical classroom situation of the
classroom where rhetoric are well known and constraints
already sieved. Grant-Davie recommendation about the
rhetorical situation particularly, exigencies is vital for writers
and readers as it incites the action/ discourse. This realization
has served me in the creative and public speaking component
that eases the value creation in writing.
Project 4: Reflective Executive Summary and Portfolio

10. The final project is to compile a portfolio of your best work and
a new paper that explains what
you now understand about what writing is, what makes it good,
and how your understandings
have changed during this semester as well as showing that you
have met the outcomes for the
course. You are also required to include one revised major
project that shows substantial
development from the last time you turned it in, addressing
feedback you received and
incorporating new and improved elements.
Your executive document should include:
❖ An introduction that brings up the topic of writing in an
engaging way, explains what you
have come to know about writing and how you have come to
know it through this course, and
asserts that through your experiences you have been able to
show that you have met the
outcomes for the course.
❖ A section for each course outcome
❖ Evidence (quotes, summary of examples, etc.) from other
documents in the portfolio that
demonstrate that you have met each of the outcomes.
❖ A conclusion that reflects on the progress you have made as
well as addresses areas that you
feel you still need to learn more about, improve on, etc.
For your portfolio, in addition to your executive document and
substantial revision, you might
include:
❖ Any or all major projects

11. ❖ Writing projects from other courses
❖ Previous drafts of writing projects
❖ Other mediating writing used in the process of completing
other projects
❖ Reading responses
❖ Reflections
❖ Any other writing you think helps you to show that you have
met the course outcome.
Course Outcomes:
❖ Understand writing and your experiences with it differently
than when you began
❖ Understand how writing is a social interaction that varies
among different social groups or
disciplines (writing ecologies).
❖ Understand how writing is shaped by typified (traditional,
standardized, normalized)
expectations, forms (genres), and conventions that can be
identified, analyzed, and used
strategically.
❖ Develop strategies for transferring your writing skills to
differing writing ecologies.
❖ Increase your ability to read rhetorical situations within
writing ecologies and make
rhetorical choices consciously in your writing.
❖ Be a more reflective (mindful, self-aware, thoughtful) writer.
❖ Understand that successful writing emerges from substantial
interactive and recursive
processes over time and improve your own process strategies.