MongoDB is a scalable, document-oriented database that stores data in BSON format and allows for horizontal scaling. It provides flexibility through unstructured documents and supports features like replication, sharding, and MapReduce to enable high performance, availability, and scalability. The document discusses how to install and use MongoDB with PHP for basic CRUD operations and more advanced features.

1. MongoDB with PHP James Tang <james@fwso.cn> A quick introduction

2. What is MongoDB

3. NoSQL MongoDB is a document-oriented database Store data as structured documents Document-oriented databases are NoSQL Apache CouchDB Scale horizontally Avoid join operations

4. Distributed computing

5. Why MongoDB

6. Agility MongoDB simplifies development. Data in MongoDB is stored in JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas( free schema ), providing flexibility during the development process. Requirements changes so frequently

7. Scalability & Performance Build-in support for horizontal availability

8. Auto-sharding Save different parts of data on different machines Replication: backup, failover, read scaling Master-slave replication

9. Replica Sets: automatic failover, no single master MapReduce

10. How MongoDB works

11. BSON MongoDB use BSON as the storage format. BSON has following characteristics: Efficiency

12. Traversability

13. Performance Reference: http://bsonspec.org/

14. Data Files BSON objects store in collections

15. db_name.collection_name called namespace

16. .ns file used to store metadata for namespace.

17. Dbname.0, .1, .2... stores the data

18. The new file double the file size, up to 2GB blog.0(16M), blog.1(32M)... MongoDB preallocates data files to ensure consistent performance

19. Memory Management Memory-mapped storage engine Maps all it's data files in memory

20. The virtual size of mongod process may very large Leave other works to operating system

21. 32bit MongoDB server limit to 2G data per mongod instance

22. Wire Protocol Clients use wire protocol to access MongoDB server. Wire Protocol is a TCP/IP socket based lightweight protocol. Reference: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Mongo+Wire+Protocol

23. Getting Started

24. Installation Very easy, just download, and extract

25. Start server: /path/to/mongodb/bin/mongod Default: localhost:27017 ./mongod -- port 27017 -- maxConns 50 -- logpath /usr/local/mongodb-2.0.1/var/logs/mongod.log -- pidfilepath /usr/local/mongodb-2.0.1/var/run/mongod.pid -- dbpath /usr/local/mongodb-2.0.1/data/db -- directoryperdb

26. Shell Client ./mongo [localhost:27017/test]

27. use blog

28. db.posts.insert({“title”:”Hello, MongoDB”})

29. db.posts.find()

30. db.posts.remove([criteria])

31. db.posts.drop()

32. ...

33. PHP driver pecl install mongo

34. Or dowload and compile

35. Extenstion address: http://pecl.php.net/package/mongo

36. Enable at php.ini extension=mongo.so

37. CRUD

38. Before CRUD Create Database?

39. Create Collection(table)?

40. Alter Schema? NO

41. Before CRUD Connect to Server <?php $ mongo = new Mongo( /* ”localhost:27017” */ ); //Instance of `MongoDB`(PHP class here) $ blog = $ mongo -> blog; //Instance of `MongoCollection` $ posts = $ blog -> posts;

42. Creating

43. Querying // search for documents where 5 < x < 20 $rangeQuery = array ('views' => array ( '$gt' => 5, '$lt' => 20 )); //Instance of `MongoCursor` class $cursor = $posts -> find($rangeQuery); $collection->find(/*criteria*/, /*fields*/), Query a list $collection->findOne(/*criteria*/), Query one // “ _id ” field is always return , except set to false in fields option: //$post->find(array(...), array( '_id'=>false , 'title'));

44. Querying Query can be complex $lt, $lte, $gt, $gte, $not, $in...

45. $where, array('$where'=>'function(){... return true/false}')

46. Regular expression, array('title'=>'/^Hello/i')

47. Limit/Sort with cursor

48. Aggregation, count/group Reference http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Querying

49. http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries

50. Updating

51. Updating Using updating modifier: $inc, $set, $push, ...

52. Why Modifiers Convenient

53. Atomically – instead of locking and transactions

54. Reference http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Atomic+Operations

55. http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating

56. Upserts Like REPLACE statement in MySQL

57. Deleting $collection->remove(/*criteria*/)

58. $collection->drop()

59. Advanced Features

60. MapReduce Aggregation parallelized across multiple servers

61. Count, distinct, group can be done with it

62. Speed is the cost, not use in “real time”

63. Replication Master-slave, slave automatically synchronize the data ./mongod --dbpath ~/dbs/master --port 27017 --master

64. ./mongod --dbpath ~/dbs/slave --port 10001 --slave --source localhost:27017 Replica Sets Master-slave, but auto-failover

65. Not only one master

66. mongod --port 27017 --dbpath /data/node1 --replSet cluster/localhost:10001

67. mongod --port 10001 --dbpath /data/node1 --replSet cluster/localhost:27017

68. db.runCommand({“replSetInitiate”:{“_id”:”cluster”, “members”:[{“_id”:1,”host”:”locahost:27017”},...]}})

69. Sharding Store different data in different servers

70. Sharding key, one key of a collection used to split data

71. A shard is can be a single server or a replica set

72. Capped Collection Created in advance and fixed size db.createCollection(&quot;my_collection&quot;, {capped: true, size: 100000}); Operations like delete, update causes documents to move is disallowed

73. Old document will be replaced if collection if full

74. High performance, auto-FIFO, age-out Loging, caching, ...

75. GridFS Store large binary files

76. Replication, auto-sharding Failover, scale-out Use mongofiles ./mongofiles [put|get|list|...] file.png PHP: MongoGridFS, MongoGridFSFile, MongoGridFSCursor

77. The End http://fwso.cn