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A regional research and training
platform for innovative plant
breeding in West Africa
Speaker: Dr Ndjido A. KANE, Scientist (ISRA)
Contributors: Drs Jean-François RAMI, Daniel Fonséka, Claire Billot (CIRAD)
Dr Laurent Laplaze (IRD)
Pr Ibrahima Ndoye (UCAD)
RÉPUBLIQUE DU SÉNÉGAL
-------
MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’ÉQUIPEMENT RURAL
FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable
Food Systems and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa
22-24 November 2017, Addis Abeba - Ethiopia
Outline
Building of the partnership
Alignment of this model within CREs
Endorsement by the CORAF/WECARD
Key contributions of biotech in plant breeding
Take home messages
Needs and concerns
Building an effective partnership to address plants
diversity, adaptation and more complexity
From gene to
ecosystem
Shared Labs
• Cellular Biology and
Microscopy
• Genotyping and qPCR
• Functional genomic
• Phenotyping (drought,
nutrition)
• Bioinformatic
Scientific
Program
• Characterization and
dynamics of
biodiversity
• Crop adaptation
mechanisms to
environmental stresses
• Soil rehabilitation
Valorization/Trai
ning
• In-depth Expertise
• Management of
biological resources
• Rehabilitation
programs for degraded
soils
• Biofertilisers
production
• Capacity building
UMR DIADE
IRD/UM2
Génétique et
génomique végétale
UMR LSTM
IRD/UM2/Cirad/INRA/
SupAgroM
Génomique et écologie
microbienne
CNRF
Sciences
forestières
AfricaRice
Adaptation à
la salinité
CNRA
Génétiique et
physiologie
LBC
Microbiologi
e
LCBV
UCAD
Biotechnologies
végétales
LMI LAPSE
URCI
ISRA
Biotechnologies
végétales
LCM
IRD/ISRA/UCA
D
Microbiologie
CERAAS
ISRA
Génétique et
physiologieINERA
Burkina Faso
IRAG
Guinée
ICRISAT
Niger
ITA
Sénégal
IFGTB
Inde
CEAZA
Chili
UNH
USA
UMR CEFE
France
UMR AGAP
France
LMI RICE
Vietnam
U. Gand
Belgique
U. Abomé
Calavi
Bénin
U. Nouakchott
Mauritanie
U. Lomé
Togo
U. Bamako
Mali
IER
Mali
U. Niamey
Niger
U. Abobo
Adjamé
Côte d’Ivoire
IRAD
Cameroun
AfricaRice
Bénin
ICRISAT
Inde
Equipes Associées
Collaborations régionales et internationales
L Laplaze – IRD & I Ndoye - UCAD
Production unit of
inoculum (OAPI)
L Laplaze – IRD & I Ndoye - UCAD
Consortium members
r Rajeev Varshney, Director-Center of Excellence in Genomics, ICRISAT, Patancheru, 502 324, India;
Office: +91 40 3071 3305; Email : r.k.varshney@cgiar.org
© Center of Excellence in Genomics. 2008
A partnership platform for Research and Education
Innovation and Plant
Breeding in West-Africa
J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
Partnership
J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
: an interdisciplinary platform
Pre
breeding
Breeding programs
Cropdiversity
Functional diversity
Geneticdeterminantsof
adaptationandtarget traits
Spatial andsocial organisationof diversity Environmentsandcropmodels
Germplasm
Endusesandvaluechains
Lasky et al. Sci. Adv. 2015
Varietal options
Multiple
Ideotypes
Access&Use
Seedsystems
Regulations
Conservation
GeneticRessources
Photos,©G.Trouche
Photo ©ITA
Photo ©D. Guindo
Labeyrie et al. PLoS ONE 2014
Microbiome,symbiosis
andenvironmental stresses
Agricultural practices
andcropmanagement
Photos,©M.Seguin,D.Fonceka
Reprinted by permission from
Macmillan Publishers Ltd:
Philippot et al. Nat. Rev. Micro. 11 © 2013
J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
• Cultivated peanut has a narrow genetic
basis (single event tetraploidization
origin)
• Wild genepool form a reservoir of useful
traits
• Cultivated is reproductively isolated
from wild by ploidy barrier
• Using CWR in breeding requires:
o Development of wild synthetics as a bridge
between cultivated and wild genepools
o Molecular genetics to monitor introgression
of useful traits
Tetraploidization
+ domestication
Wild species
Cultivated species
! "#$%&' ( ) *) ##
!" #$%&' ' ( )*++, $
X
" - . /010. 2301$
+),-,.'//#
End of season LLS damage Good agronomic resistancePod types
North-south & South-south collaboration:
Peanut breeding using Crop Wild Relatives
xx ( )
A. hypogaea A. duranensis A. ipaensis
2 Hybridization
60
179
210
170
250
258
189
32
169
29
107
96
106
122
6
173
30
240
224
128
131
93
77
132
208
55
24
252
261
265
254
51
200
136
149
50
97
46
221
190
109
91
83
192
198
39
220
225
140
244
168
156
90
125
1
2
8
71
138
234
215
66
111
262
152
146
118
183
187
70
81
123
14
10
185
177
248
249
26
15
101
126
102
Chr 1 Chr 2 Chr 3 Chr 4 Chr 5 Chr 6 Chr 7 Chr 8 Chr 9 Chr 10 Chr 11 Chr 12 Chr 13 Chr 14 Chr 15 Chr 16 Chr 17 Chr 18Chr 19Chr 20
Legend: A B Genotype 3 Genotype 4 Heterozygote Missing data
3
x( )
A. duranensis A. ipaensis
1
Wild synthetic
Marker
Assisted
Population
development
4
Distribution
& scientific
collaboration
5
More synthetics
J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
Mandate
Generation of knowledge and technologies to improving
agricultural productivity in Senegal and across West and Central
Africa
Mission
 Quality of research projects
 Partenership with NARS, CGIAR and ARI
 ISO Certification of the laboratories
 Capacity building of scientists
D Foncéka– CIRAD
CRE Dryland cereals and
associated crops
Research Topics along the value chains
 Physiological characterization of crop responses to abiotic and
biotic stresses
 Crop genetic diversity and breeding
 Food technology
 Socio-economic studies of crops value chains
Crops
Dry cereals: sorghum, pearl millet, fonio
Legumes: groundnut, cowpea, sesame
D Foncéka– CIRAD
CRE Dryland cereals and
associated crops
Scientific staff
 84 researchers (54 PhD, 30 Master)
 Lab and field technicians
Sources of funding
WB-WAAPP, GCP_BMGF, USAID-era, Kirkhouse, ANR, WB-
insurance, DAAD, SMIL, LIL, CRP, IFPRI, KOPIA, CORAF,
Agropolis…
WAAPP
SMIL
FNRAA/era
AfricaRice
DAAD
CORAF
CRP
CERAAS funding repartition
D Foncéka– CIRAD
CRE Dryland cereals and
associated crops
Species Technologies Cycle yield Use
Sorghum 4 varieties Medium
(110 days)
2 - 3t/ha Bread, food and
poultry, feeding
Millet 3 varieties Short (80 to
90 days)
2.1 – 3.2t/ha Bread, food
D Foncéka– CIRAD
End-Users Driven Biotechnologies
Species Technologies Cycle Yield Use
Peanut 7 varieties Short or long (75-120
days)
2.5 – 4t/ha Food and
forage
Cowpea 5 varieties Short (55 to 60 days) 2.4 – 3t/ha Food and
forage
Climate-smart and dual purposes
biotechnologies
D Foncéka– CIRAD
Capacity Building in WCA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
BioMol
BioInfo
NGS
R+Senebio
Génomic+Plant
Breeding
An international initiative to favor
rapid exchanges between
researchers and students,
oriented towards plant breeding
Contact : cultivar_mt@cirad.fr
http://www.cultivar-flagship.net/fr
4 year, 900k€ funded by
Training Research
PartnersC Billot– CIRAD
ToC: Shifting to New Plant Breeding
Key Take Home Messages
• Substantial capital and human investments have been made
over last decade
• Technology platforms suit to generate new discoveries and
cutting-edge products.
• Numerous biotechnologies have been released for traits
associated with drought adpatation, pest and soil management
(biofertilizers), yields productivity, food safety (Aflatoxin), and
nutrition (Iron, Zn, Vitamins).
• Shared acroos WCA
• A hundreds PHD and 75 MSc have ben trained over the 5 years
to enable implantation and effective use of biotechnologies in
breeding programs
Needs and Concerns
Speed-up a more productive and sustainable agriculture to
contribute in the PLAN SENEGAL EMERGENT
• Convert biotech and its applications to benefits small
stakeholders, agriculture and economy
• Take into account needs and preferences of vulnerable
populations to raise health and livelihoods
• Seeds systems for biotech
• Design and build new “flagship” programs/projects
• Develop capacity and infrastructures
• Access and benefits sharing (Public access, IP,
international regulations, etc.)
Ndjido A. Kane

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Ndjido A. Kane

  • 1. A regional research and training platform for innovative plant breeding in West Africa Speaker: Dr Ndjido A. KANE, Scientist (ISRA) Contributors: Drs Jean-François RAMI, Daniel Fonséka, Claire Billot (CIRAD) Dr Laurent Laplaze (IRD) Pr Ibrahima Ndoye (UCAD) RÉPUBLIQUE DU SÉNÉGAL ------- MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’ÉQUIPEMENT RURAL FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa 22-24 November 2017, Addis Abeba - Ethiopia
  • 2. Outline Building of the partnership Alignment of this model within CREs Endorsement by the CORAF/WECARD Key contributions of biotech in plant breeding Take home messages Needs and concerns
  • 3. Building an effective partnership to address plants diversity, adaptation and more complexity From gene to ecosystem
  • 4. Shared Labs • Cellular Biology and Microscopy • Genotyping and qPCR • Functional genomic • Phenotyping (drought, nutrition) • Bioinformatic Scientific Program • Characterization and dynamics of biodiversity • Crop adaptation mechanisms to environmental stresses • Soil rehabilitation Valorization/Trai ning • In-depth Expertise • Management of biological resources • Rehabilitation programs for degraded soils • Biofertilisers production • Capacity building
  • 5. UMR DIADE IRD/UM2 Génétique et génomique végétale UMR LSTM IRD/UM2/Cirad/INRA/ SupAgroM Génomique et écologie microbienne CNRF Sciences forestières AfricaRice Adaptation à la salinité CNRA Génétiique et physiologie LBC Microbiologi e LCBV UCAD Biotechnologies végétales LMI LAPSE URCI ISRA Biotechnologies végétales LCM IRD/ISRA/UCA D Microbiologie CERAAS ISRA Génétique et physiologieINERA Burkina Faso IRAG Guinée ICRISAT Niger ITA Sénégal IFGTB Inde CEAZA Chili UNH USA UMR CEFE France UMR AGAP France LMI RICE Vietnam U. Gand Belgique U. Abomé Calavi Bénin U. Nouakchott Mauritanie U. Lomé Togo U. Bamako Mali IER Mali U. Niamey Niger U. Abobo Adjamé Côte d’Ivoire IRAD Cameroun AfricaRice Bénin ICRISAT Inde Equipes Associées Collaborations régionales et internationales L Laplaze – IRD & I Ndoye - UCAD
  • 6. Production unit of inoculum (OAPI) L Laplaze – IRD & I Ndoye - UCAD
  • 7. Consortium members r Rajeev Varshney, Director-Center of Excellence in Genomics, ICRISAT, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Office: +91 40 3071 3305; Email : r.k.varshney@cgiar.org © Center of Excellence in Genomics. 2008
  • 8. A partnership platform for Research and Education Innovation and Plant Breeding in West-Africa J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
  • 10. : an interdisciplinary platform Pre breeding Breeding programs Cropdiversity Functional diversity Geneticdeterminantsof adaptationandtarget traits Spatial andsocial organisationof diversity Environmentsandcropmodels Germplasm Endusesandvaluechains Lasky et al. Sci. Adv. 2015 Varietal options Multiple Ideotypes Access&Use Seedsystems Regulations Conservation GeneticRessources Photos,©G.Trouche Photo ©ITA Photo ©D. Guindo Labeyrie et al. PLoS ONE 2014 Microbiome,symbiosis andenvironmental stresses Agricultural practices andcropmanagement Photos,©M.Seguin,D.Fonceka Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Philippot et al. Nat. Rev. Micro. 11 © 2013 J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
  • 11. • Cultivated peanut has a narrow genetic basis (single event tetraploidization origin) • Wild genepool form a reservoir of useful traits • Cultivated is reproductively isolated from wild by ploidy barrier • Using CWR in breeding requires: o Development of wild synthetics as a bridge between cultivated and wild genepools o Molecular genetics to monitor introgression of useful traits Tetraploidization + domestication Wild species Cultivated species ! "#$%&' ( ) *) ## !" #$%&' ' ( )*++, $ X " - . /010. 2301$ +),-,.'//# End of season LLS damage Good agronomic resistancePod types North-south & South-south collaboration: Peanut breeding using Crop Wild Relatives
  • 12. xx ( ) A. hypogaea A. duranensis A. ipaensis 2 Hybridization 60 179 210 170 250 258 189 32 169 29 107 96 106 122 6 173 30 240 224 128 131 93 77 132 208 55 24 252 261 265 254 51 200 136 149 50 97 46 221 190 109 91 83 192 198 39 220 225 140 244 168 156 90 125 1 2 8 71 138 234 215 66 111 262 152 146 118 183 187 70 81 123 14 10 185 177 248 249 26 15 101 126 102 Chr 1 Chr 2 Chr 3 Chr 4 Chr 5 Chr 6 Chr 7 Chr 8 Chr 9 Chr 10 Chr 11 Chr 12 Chr 13 Chr 14 Chr 15 Chr 16 Chr 17 Chr 18Chr 19Chr 20 Legend: A B Genotype 3 Genotype 4 Heterozygote Missing data 3 x( ) A. duranensis A. ipaensis 1 Wild synthetic Marker Assisted Population development 4 Distribution & scientific collaboration 5 More synthetics J.-F. Rami – CIRAD
  • 13. Mandate Generation of knowledge and technologies to improving agricultural productivity in Senegal and across West and Central Africa Mission  Quality of research projects  Partenership with NARS, CGIAR and ARI  ISO Certification of the laboratories  Capacity building of scientists D Foncéka– CIRAD CRE Dryland cereals and associated crops
  • 14. Research Topics along the value chains  Physiological characterization of crop responses to abiotic and biotic stresses  Crop genetic diversity and breeding  Food technology  Socio-economic studies of crops value chains Crops Dry cereals: sorghum, pearl millet, fonio Legumes: groundnut, cowpea, sesame D Foncéka– CIRAD CRE Dryland cereals and associated crops
  • 15. Scientific staff  84 researchers (54 PhD, 30 Master)  Lab and field technicians Sources of funding WB-WAAPP, GCP_BMGF, USAID-era, Kirkhouse, ANR, WB- insurance, DAAD, SMIL, LIL, CRP, IFPRI, KOPIA, CORAF, Agropolis… WAAPP SMIL FNRAA/era AfricaRice DAAD CORAF CRP CERAAS funding repartition D Foncéka– CIRAD CRE Dryland cereals and associated crops
  • 16. Species Technologies Cycle yield Use Sorghum 4 varieties Medium (110 days) 2 - 3t/ha Bread, food and poultry, feeding Millet 3 varieties Short (80 to 90 days) 2.1 – 3.2t/ha Bread, food D Foncéka– CIRAD End-Users Driven Biotechnologies
  • 17. Species Technologies Cycle Yield Use Peanut 7 varieties Short or long (75-120 days) 2.5 – 4t/ha Food and forage Cowpea 5 varieties Short (55 to 60 days) 2.4 – 3t/ha Food and forage Climate-smart and dual purposes biotechnologies D Foncéka– CIRAD
  • 18. Capacity Building in WCA 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 BioMol BioInfo NGS R+Senebio Génomic+Plant Breeding
  • 19. An international initiative to favor rapid exchanges between researchers and students, oriented towards plant breeding Contact : cultivar_mt@cirad.fr http://www.cultivar-flagship.net/fr 4 year, 900k€ funded by Training Research PartnersC Billot– CIRAD
  • 20. ToC: Shifting to New Plant Breeding
  • 21. Key Take Home Messages • Substantial capital and human investments have been made over last decade • Technology platforms suit to generate new discoveries and cutting-edge products. • Numerous biotechnologies have been released for traits associated with drought adpatation, pest and soil management (biofertilizers), yields productivity, food safety (Aflatoxin), and nutrition (Iron, Zn, Vitamins). • Shared acroos WCA • A hundreds PHD and 75 MSc have ben trained over the 5 years to enable implantation and effective use of biotechnologies in breeding programs
  • 22. Needs and Concerns Speed-up a more productive and sustainable agriculture to contribute in the PLAN SENEGAL EMERGENT • Convert biotech and its applications to benefits small stakeholders, agriculture and economy • Take into account needs and preferences of vulnerable populations to raise health and livelihoods • Seeds systems for biotech • Design and build new “flagship” programs/projects • Develop capacity and infrastructures • Access and benefits sharing (Public access, IP, international regulations, etc.)